CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(IMonograplis) 


ICIMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographles) 


Canadian  InstitMta  for  Historical  Microroproduetlont  /  In.titut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  historiq 


uaa 


■'i2k;^i:>^ 


^itfrt 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibllographiques 


The  Institutt  has  atlempttd  to  obtain  iht  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 

0  Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 

□   Covers  damaged  / 
Couverture  endommagde 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 

I   Cover  title  missing  /  Le  litre  de  couverture  manque 

I   Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

r~A  Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
uLi   Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noi 

I    A   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 


que  bleue  ou  noire) 

irations  / 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 
D 
D 


D 


D 


Bound  with  other  material  / 
Relid  avep  d'autres  documents 

Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  i\6  film6es. 

Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl^menfaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
M  possible  de  te  procurer.  Lea  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  p«ut-*trt  uniques  du  point  de  vua  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  un«  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  m4tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indk)u4s  ci-dessous. 

I     I  Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I  Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommagdes 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul^es 


Q  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 
Pages  dteolor^es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

I         Pages  detached  /  Pages  d^tach^es 

fv/    Showthrough  /  Transparence 

r^K  Quality  of  print  varies  / 
I     I 


a 


n 


Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppldmentaire 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  i\6  filmdes  k  nouveau  de  fagon  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variables  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
filmdes  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


This  item  is  (limed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below  / 

Ce  document  est  U\mi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-dessous. 


10x 


14x 


18x 


12x 


16x 


20x 


22x 


26x 


"7 


30x 


24x 


28x 


32x 


me.^mmams^'s^ws^^'ix 


to  ih«  9«n«re*liv  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'aaamplaira  fllm4  fwt  rapre4uit  grAca  1 1« 
e«n««eait«  da: 

Bibliothiqua  nationala  du  Canada 


Tha  imagac  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
poaaibia  cenaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contraat  spaeifieationa. 


Original  eopioa  in  pfintod  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  cowar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printod  or  illuatratad  impraa* 
•ion.  or  tha  back  eovar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  eopioa  »f  filmad  baginning  on  ttio 
first  paga  with  a  prtniad  or  illuatratod  impraa* 
■ion.  and  anding  on  tha  iaat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  impraaaion. 


Laa  imagaa  suivantaa  ont  *tA  raproduitaa  awac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compto  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
do  la  nattot*  da  Taiamplaira  filmi.  at  an 
eonformita  »t0«  laa  eenditiona  du  eontrat  da 
fUmaga. 

Laa  aaamplairaa  originaua  dont  la  couwanura  •n 
papiar  aat  Imprimaa  tont  filmOa  an  commancant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  »n  tarminant  aoit  par  la 
darniOra  paga  qui  eennpoRa  una  amprainta 
d'impraaalon  ou  d'illuatration,  aoit  par  la  aaeono 
plat,  aalon  lo  eaa.  Toua  laa  autraa  axampiairas 
originaua  aont  fllmOa  an  commancant  par  la 
pramiOra  paga  qui  eomporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaalon  ou  d'illuauation  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darnidra  paga  qui  eomporta  una  taiia 
amprainta. 


Tha  Iaat  racordad  frama  on  aach  microfiche 
shall  conuin  tha  symbol  -^  I  meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  ▼  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  doe  aymboloa  suivants  spparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  imege  do  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  la  symbola  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbola  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 


Meps.  plates,  charts,  ate.  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  tf  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  upper  left  hand  corner,  laft  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diegrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Los  cartas,  planches,  tablaeux.  etc..  peuvent  etre 
f ilmds  d  dee  taux  da  rdduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  la  document  est  trop  grand  pour  itre 
reproduit  en  un  soul  clichO.  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
da  Tangle  supdriour  gauche,  de  gauche  a  droite. 
et  de  haut  un  bas,  en  prenant  la  nombra 
d'imagoe  ndcessaire.  Lee  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  la  mdthodo. 


1 

2 

3 

1  2  3 

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^rrfarp. 

Hdvin.  Icn^folt  th.  „.ed  of  a  book  -ipon  Swine,  wh.c'i 
^ould  meet  w,th  the  requirements   of  the  college  student 
aad  the  busy  farmer.  I  luvo  at  length  been  induced  by  my 
friends  to  attempt  the  work  myself,  and  the  result  of  this 
attempt  is  seen  in  the  volume  which  is  now  placed  before 
the  public.     In  the  preparation  of  this  work,  special  atten- 
tion has  been  given  to  present  day  problems,  rather  than  to 
historic  facts  and  speculations,  and   every  effort    has  be-n 
made  to  condense  the  info.maiion  into  as  small  space  as 
possible.     No  apology  is  offered  for  the  manner  in  which 
the  subject  is  treated,  and   the   Public    must    be   the  sole 
judge  as  to  whether  the  book  is  deserving  of  their  com- 
mendaticn. 

I  wish  to  gratefully  acknowledge  the  sympathy,  encour- 
agement, and  assistance  which  I  have  received  from 
friends  in  this  and  other  countries.  To  mention  each  one 
would  be  out  of  the  question,  but  my  gratitude  for  their 
kindn'ds  is  none  the  less  sincere. 

n  ,     .     ,     .     ,  GEORGE  E.  DAY. 

Ontario  Agricultural  College, 

Cuelph,  Canada. 
December,  1905. 


4 

i 


'•;*^^;:*     h 


^-'m^m^''^^mem 


CONTJ  NTS. 


(11  AITKR  I,- 


i;ki:i,ijing. 


An   kKmI   nii'c--ii\ 

I'liiMy 

r.iilihri    :iti,l    1,1  .1,  I'. 

S.  Ir.ii.  <ii    .  ,|'   1,1  ,ar. 

SrIrCII'll     .if     -••l\. 

Ill  lin  1  .!mii;, 

<>!--       I.       IC.Iiim. 

(■|i\i'ji:i<  II.-- 

.M'Di.iNi;  SWIM';  (»F  r.  \i;(i.\  'i  \  ri;. 

(".iti.iili.ni    r\|...rt    traile. 
'I  !..■   I,;,.-. Ill    li..;;. 

I'vlfi'Il      IVIH'. 

I )!■ -CM I'll.. 11  .11  III  -,  ill-  nf  i"iiiit~  f-r  -w  in'  III"  !.a'  "11  t\f' 

I  )i,,  n,^;,  ,11    ,  ,|     ..i-;,[r    tii    ]KilIU-. 

CII.M'II.R    III. 

.inxii  .\(.  sw  ixi-:  ( >!■  i-.\T  ( iK  i.Mvi)  r\  I'E. 

■Jhr   l;it    h..-. 

Dctn,!!!'!    I'l.r   lr:iiii  r   iiu.-it. 

I)<  M-npiii.ii  aii.l  -..lie  ,.r  in, ml-  f.r  -wiiu'  ■■;   l.u  lyir. 

I)i-rii--i.,n   .  .f   -i-,ilf   ,  ,|'  |i,  ,ini ,, 


CHAI'-ll.K  l\. 


r.Ki'  I  n,-^  ( I]-  sw  ixi:. 


1 


N  '  '.il  1'  II   .  ,1    |.i  f.  'I    '. .   r,  .  'Ill  .my   .  .f  pr.  .liiirl  i.  .11. 

'•^I'li;.  .11   ■.]    Li...!   !..   market    I'liiuii  (■liifiit-. 

r.riti-1i    lirir.!~   1 .1    -w  iiu- : 

I  .ir-.    ^■■lk-l!!]a■      Clar.artrri-Pi'^;   liim-   .  ji    -.  l,-.,-t,.  .n 
r.imw  .  .;■■  1        (   li.-ii.icl.  i-i-i  !,■- ;    !:n;|-    ..ii    -,',,-■■:,  ,;, 
l''il,-lm  r      I  'Im:  a..  ' .  !  i  -li.--  ;    !;iiii  ,   ,  .n    ^i  :,  ,ii,  ,,| 
Ml. Mir    W  I;;;.       ll;., ;  a,-i.aa   iir-. 
I.ai-,'    l;!:,.-k      I'k  ir,:.-:,--iH-. 
Sni.i  ;l    W  li'ii-      (   !  ,..,:,  I .  ri-i  i,  , 


i^USS^^ 


iES^^SL-A 


Sni.ill    r.'.i,  1.       I   !•  ,1 i,iu- 

Aim  1  11  .III    111  1  ,  ,!-    ..|    v\\  III,  : 

(    111  -111     \\  I  lie       (    li.ii.i,  I.  I  i.lli  -. 
i'l  'Liliij    (    liili.i       (  '1:  II  .1,1,1  i,li,  , 
1  >iii  ■  ,    j.  r-i  \       (   li.ii  .1,1  111    1 1,-. 
1  l.itni'-l.iii     I   I  Inn    l\';ii.|i      (  ti.ir.u  ti  n-lic  s. 
\  111'  'I  ;  1      (   li.ii  ,11  I,  n-,11,-^. 
(  111  -III! ,       (  Ikii.m  N  I  ■  -lii-^. 

CIl  ^11  IK  \ 

SrWDXUD.s   III     I  \i   I  II  I  \(  !■    AM)  SeAI.KS  OF 

n  ii.N  IS. 

I      IILT      X-..lk-.|.|l,'. 

r.i'iMs .  ii  ill 

l'..rk-li;r. 
I'"l.mil  (  Ii'ii  1 
riu  -tc  r    \\  1  .It', 
f  )ur  ',■  j,  1    I  _\ . 

\   111'  TM 

(  lu-lnri' 
II, imps]:, ri 
Mi.M'i    Wli!,', 

r  .ir.!.'  r.i.i.k 

.'^ni.ili   \'' 'rk-liire 

I'.M'S, 

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rn.\i''ir:K  \'i.— 

i'i;i;i)i\(;  wd  \i  w  Nci-Mi-iXX 

I 'i(  iliiiir   .I'll    inairi'jrin.  Ill       f   tlir    ln'.n 
i   1  '  I !  11 '..:    ,  1 1 1 '  1    1 1  M 1 1 . 1  l;  r  1 1 1 1  1  i  t    . '  i'    1 ! : , '    - 1 1  w  , 
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I  'm!1-1im:l;    !'  i'   iii.'irL,  !  ■ 

I.       I''i'.-';;nu    ll.r   l.:i,-,.ii    1;-- 
1  ')ii>l.nii;   ilir  f.it    1,'  'ij 
\"tr-  .  '11    i 1    -liitV-  : 

I'l  a-,    |;,!;i'  >,    \\  ii.'.'ii,   (  l.'il,, 

K>i'.   t  ''  'Til,    M  iiM'iii',',-.    I'.r.Tii. 

I  '■!   C;,].,!.  I,:';-.  1:    M,.,:. 

f-U-ii-i  ,  ,1    \;,  il,  TaiiKa-c 

I'.l 1   .Mm',  .Skim   .Mill... 

r.ii't,  'I'l''!.,,   \\  !,,  \,   .<i':_',ir    l;.  .  I  -. 


msry;^ssm^w^^,:        wmsi^.m'i 


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MariKi  1-,    I  111  iii|..,   I'..|.il..i» 

Aiiii  li..ki  -,   >ii^.,r    I'.iri    |'iil|,, 

l'iiM,|,kiii>,    r„,i    M,.|.,..,-     K,,|„.    \,.,chcs. 

ll.ury   \  il<  h.   K,-,l   (  l,,v,  r.    \li,,li.i. 

S..M   l:m,.  (,r,  ,  ,1   Ky,..  A;ia||-,,   ||;,y 

K<||   (  !..v(r   II;, J 

<   "I  II    Sll.lKc 

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(  "r.kiiik;    f...„|    f,.r    wnu-. 
S..,iki'.l.    \(  ,1,   aiiil   .|t_\    iiic  .il. 
''■"Illlil  iinil   iliiKr. .1111.1  i;i.nii. 
kri.ition  ,,|   hvi-  weight  1..  .i-.ii..iny  <■{  f.ain 
<  "rrci  tiM-. 
\  iriiiiit. 
S;iiiit;iti'.n. 


(  IIAI'I  IK  \III.- 


IVync-.s. 
\  'iilil.ilii.il. 
l.i«lil. 
Mr.iii^lit-.. 
\\  ■irinili. 


iirii  ni.\'(;.t,. 


Plan  .-111(1  ,K>,ri])ti,,|-  ,,f  in.dcrii  i.inwtry, 
I'ortablt    i.cn> 


r 


:v<'5:« 


ciiai-hr  I. 


An   Ideal  Necessary.      Tlu'  husim-is  of  the  stock -firccdcr 

is  a  luctiliar  ntic,  ||i.  has  to  .|ial  with  hfc.  an.)  all  tliosc 
m>>>t(Ti«)iis  possihilitifs  tliat  cxi^t  in  tiii'  living;  ircafiirc  Iiave 
to  lu-  rcrkoticil  witli  iti  Iiis  oiirratiotis.  Stork  liri't'din^  is 
not  a  iiHTf  (|iu'-liiiii  of  riiiiiiinj^'  Iiamls,  whicj  inoilcl  inert 
I'latcrial  to  the  whmi  ..f  their  mwiut;  the  reallv  ^Teat  l.recilcr 
iiui^t  po-sess  nil  iiitniiur  i:eiiiti->  tliat  eaii  pieree  tile  curtain 
of  in\-iter\  MirrouiKhiiL:  liviii;,'  ereatiires,  lay  hold  of  tliose 
hiililen  f"ree^,  and  ^o  il;r<et  them  that  the  result  is  a  ere  itiirc 
npproaehinj^  very  elosely  to  the  ideal  he.  himself,  has  set  up. 
Ill  short,  the  liieeder  is  nut  a  mere  imitator,  he  is  .-i  creator. 
'I'here  r.iii  lie  ii.,  proj^ness  unless  the  hreeder  has  a  verv  clear 
ide.il  hetiire  Iniu  towards  which  'u-  is  wdrkinj;.  lie  may 
iu\er  n.ich  hi-  idt  ,il.  lull  he  must  never  lose  M;.dit  of  it. 
\'o  mattir  how  much  money  may  he  invested  in  the  enter- 
I'rise.  it  will  come  to  n.iu_L:ht  if  the  hreeder  has  not  a  clearly 
deliued  ohiect  in  view.  lie  will  meet  with  m.inv  thing's  to 
try  his  faith,  hut  he  must  not  waver;  he  will  he  freiir.ently 
e;ist  down,  hut  he  must  not  he  discour;i.i,^ed.  I ! j'licuhies, 
disappointireiits.  ;md  hope  dcferrd  .ire  p.irt  of  the  herita;.;e 
of  the  hreeder.  and  he  rec|uires  the  h!i,diest  class  of  conra;,'e 
to  he  ahle  to  stick  to  his  L^uns  and  eventually  hrinjj  victory 
out  of  wh.-it  appe.ircd  to  he  certain  defeat. 

Utility.  I'. very  hreeder  sh, ,uld  ask  iiiinself  whv  he  is 
hrecdiir;  the  .inimals  of  his  choice.  Is  it  to  humor  the 
whims  of  the  few.  or  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  many?  If 
his  work  ris  a  hrceiler  is  to  he  a  success,  lu-  mu-t  never  los^- 
sii^ht  of  tl:.-  rciiuirements  nf  the  man  who  jiroduce;  the 
i.M.i.Ci  :;  :;^  .iu  wie  ;;;.;TK'y  .lu'ii  ;-  ;;;  ;r.       .\,,  iii.iili-i   iiow   puie 


l!|;l  I  iM  \. 


''!>■  ''I '    r,r  ti'.u   |,'if(.ti!u    I    i'»-  lio'ii  t!ic  |,t,i-.!.  r  -  vt,,|,.l. 

point,  if  llu'  ho-  ,!,,,■-  II. .t  ,.i,',t  .ill  ilu'  ir.|iiiriiiii-iil  ..|  ili, 
packiT.  II  It  I-  II.. I  Mitel  I..  |..niii-  til.-  trill  .111.1  lit'titc:  til.- 
tv<irt..,Mt;i-  wli.-ii  1. 1.1(1. 1  :ii  Ihr  li.in.l  .i|'  ili,-  .uirKM-  f.iriiiiT. 
of  wh.it  .IV. Ill  li.nr  l.ii'ii  .iM  ilir  clVi.it-.  tli,i!  li.i\.  Itcn  pm 
forth  111  pro.hii  iiii;  t!i!«  |\  pc  ..f  .ninii.il  '  In  li,.it  ili.-  w  \\,  h- 
\\or.I  of  the  ttM!\  MI.  (1-- fill  l.i,  ,'.|,  (■  iiiii^i  !„•  iili'ilw  1  't!l!t\ 
i-  thi'  t..n(  Ii-t.iiic  tip.. II   whiih  i  .u  !i  hncK-r'-   wutk   ui'l  he 

'■  'l'''l         If  111-    \\..lk    -l.ill.l^   till'   lot.    il    v>  iM    -;if(i\     I'.irt    willl 

ri'co.^iiitiiiti :  if  II  f.iiN  ,,,  ii,,  t,^  1^  ,)  \\,!i  ii!i!iii,iu-!\  l  -.ipprar 
nn.j  ho  f..r..^nttrii.  In  ..itli.^-  up  .ni  ih  .1.  ili.-rrf.  .t.  ,  iti-liis 
i^  tlif  tir-t  L;r.  .It  ic.|iii^itc  In  i -.t,il.li-,hiM.4  a  t\(ic.  ti.itliin.^ 
mii-t  hf  .i.|Miiiti.|  iti.it  will  .jiir.i.t  fr.ini  nliliu.  In  ■..•!,•.  tinij 
Iircc.liiiL,'  ^t..ik.  It  imi-t  .ilw.r-.  In'  tli.'  ni.iin  c.  .ii-i  K-ratioii. 
Whi'il  lu'  Mir't.-  pi-.li.,Mfc^.  ill.'  l.rri'.IiT  mii^t  ,i-k  hiiii-rlf 
ii.iw  intuh  the  I.!..,..!  lino  tcprc-cnt.'.l  in  tlu-  p.-.!-.^M-fi-  nil. lor 
roiM.lcr.itii.n  .irc  liki'l'  to  .-iilLini-i'  tin-  ntihtv  <.f  the  -'ock  he 
i«  hrcf.linu'.  i'viri'  Mi-p  m  the  Iir.c.liT's  operation-  tiiii.t  he 
l"''iiti.ii.  .1  \<\  ihi-  ..lie  L'li'.it  1  ..ii-i.l.  r.iii..ii.  .111.!  'f  III-  (-vt-;- 
Io>.f<  -..'-ht  of  the  inip.irtanei'  i.f  utility,  he  uee.l  never  liope 
to  rirh'i-\r  .li-i'ti.  i'..i)  in  \\\^  e.il!in',^'. 

Butcher  and  Feeder.  I'tihtx  inii-t  he  viiwe.I  fmni  two 
^t:i!i'!|>.  .int-  'lie  1  utelier  re.|tiiie-  .-in  .-inin-al  th.it  will  i^'ive 
liiiti  the  l.ir'^'e-t  pr.  .p.  .;ti  -n  ..f  \,ihi.-ih1.-  meat.  :iii.|  th.  f.i.-.iur 
re(|nire-^  an  .iiiim.al  ili.t  v,  ill  rrpr...ln.e  it-  I.ni  I  i..  | -r  a'li.il.l.- 
iuitnher'-,  aii'l  in.ike  rapi.l  ;iii.l  i  i  ..tv  .niii-.-il  ^ain  ■.  'I  here 
wotild  he  little  ii^c  in  aimiii'^  t..  ph-.i^c  ili  ■  hut  her  if  ill  .ini- 
mal  ili'l  II.  .f  nact  till'  re'inirenimt-;  ..f  the  f.irnuT  ;  neither 
^ni^t  the  hntihcr  he  1.  ft  ont  ..f  e.  .n-i.KT.ition  if  .i  re.-il!-,  n-e- 
fill  animal  i-  t.i  he  pr.  ..lii.-cl.  In  hree.lmL,'  op  -r.iii..nv,  tin  rc- 
f'.re.  h..ih  ihi-M-  iiu-n  -"n-t  he  krpt  in  vi.\v.  an. I  t'le  hree-hti'.^', 
irr.l'il.,;.  ail. I  kil'iHL;  .  ill.il  M 'e~  mu-t  .  .leh  !r.\-i\(-  .i  .1  u-  -li,,i-,- 
at  attention.  Thi--  p.  .int  m.iv  he  illn- tr.ite-l  hv  ,a  refer,  nee 
to  the  l.ree.liif,,' .  .f -.'A  ine  fi.t-h.Ki.n  p.-. .  hi,-]  i,  ,n  (  eie  inii..  .rt- 
iiit  feature  of  a  hae.  .n  hoi:  i,  the  t.ii-th  of  .i.k-.  hut  it  i-  o;.!v 
'" "^      -----  ,,,  |, ,,,,.,,,.,,,  ,^      ^.inic   ti'.-n 


II       '  .  I       .1       M  I  1-  I  II  .( 


v^  Y^'^^'-'*h:K*?„m':^tYmr  --^^ii 


i 


''■^mf^^::^^'^.v^i\^''=^^^-^>r*y%    ^ 


J? 


J 


viTn  t!;;<;i*v*^';^^.'5-w??*sis«:''r 


V'r«»"Jir:.\iT«BA'C3rswH|w 


lunvrvir,  li.ivc  .illnuci  iIh^miii-  |nim»  |<.  nm  avsav  with  Miiir 
jiil 'tii.iii,   aibl   III   th.ir   <(T.  r*.   '■>   Mciir.'   I.iiyili   ilu-v    (m\<- 
«.!>  titi.  lit  ron^tiftitiiiii.   frr.liiit;  .utalilifs,  mti'..  iil.ir  iIi'viLmi- 
ni.  lit  and  cit'rral  ij'-     .(v      It  m  rr;;rcttaliU-.  at».t.  iliat  thcr»- 
ari    jiKlt.'ci  ulin  will     Iliih;  tin    lir»t  pn/o  riliUiiH  nti  tluM 
slali  -i'IinI,  iiarniu  .licxtc.l.  l..M>,'.|,m;iMl,  c.»ar»rl»..m-.l,  .nia; 
itv  1.11  kiin;  lirntts.  simplv  l(«•(■^ll«^  tluv  |M>%sris  IrnijlK    Ttini, 
tluTi-  are  mm  wli.t  run  to  tlu-  i.tlur  fxtrrmv,  an<l  lliiiik  ili.it 
ni  ()r.!>  r  l.t  liavr  an  i  asv  f«'«<l«T  tluv  nni-t  liavr  a  tiiK'-l«)iH.|, 
short  l--"lu-<|.    fat  Im  kcl,    Iumv\  ■•.houl.lcn-.l,    tliuk  iic«  k»'.| 
tiililiv  liMlf  pii,',  lit!,  lU  iivlf><(  for  liat-oii  pnriio-i.-*.     It  is  ii,,t 
itiiluiilt  to  M  t'  liow  liotli  tlii-sc  nun  havo  |o«.t  'iij^'lit  of  iifilitv. 
'riu-  (irvt  has  sacritiicl  neatly  all  that  the  («f<lcr  nrpiin 
and  a  k"""!  deal  of  what  the  packer  rer|nires  :  win  Teas  tli  • 
other  has  s.irrifued  nearlv  all  that  the  nacker  re  iiiires,  and 
a  p'K.d  dc.;!  of  uhat  the   fee>ler  re(piires,  heeaii*ie  a   reallv 
desiral.le  h..,(>n  lio^;  is  aKo  a  (jckxI  feeder's  h()p.     There  are 
hreeders    '     viver,  whose  view  is  hroad  enoti^^h  to  take  in 
hoth   sid^        ■  the  iptestion.  and   who  are  pr«><hieini,'  lio^s 
eminently     ell  adapte.l  to  the  re»piircnient'       'he  feeder  an. I 
the  packer.     Siu  h   men  are  trnlv   success.  '-rs   and 

their  wf>rk  is  hound  to  stand.  Iiecanse  it    i  Iniilt  u,        i  smiiul 
foundation,  the  hed-nn-k.  nl  ''ty, 

SKI.r-CTKXM  OK  TF!K  MO.XR. 

Pure  Breeding.  Jn  these  days  when  pnre  bred  malc^ 
are  plentifid.  and  reasonahle  in  price,  there  is  no  excuse  for 
U'-Mi^,'  an\ thill „'  hnt  a  pure  hred  hoar.  The  fuiredired  hoar 
will  transmit  liis  <iwn  i|nalitie-  to  his  propenv  ■ .  ith  jjrealer 
certaintv,  and  thus  produce  pifjs  of  more  nnifo  i  eharacte' 
than  will  a  jyrade  or  a  cross-hred.  It  is  only  In  usintj  i>iir(  - 
lire  1  males  that  progress  can  he  made  and  success  attained. 
Character.  Character  is  difficult  to  dctine.  and  vet  the 
experienced  hreeder  can  recopni^e  it  at  a  (.jiance  and  knows 
its  importance.  It  implies  conformation  to  the  hest  tvfie 
of  the  hrec  1.  hut  it  .!,'oes  still  further.     Character  in  th    ho.ir 


iawiiMMMiggvvy  't^VMtit.'^J-mjar 


I. Ill  t  HI  Si 


(mplir«  a  li.iM.  itH|»rr»-u!  ..irn.tjfi-  .mil  m'lH-r.il  .i|>|Njrrfn>r 
III  1%  ,1  l>t.,»r.  iiinl  Ik  %Ii.h\*  it  .ii  iv.fv  |>.iiiil  .tut  m  ix<i\ 
niiilinii,  Thi"  rfwifiirmaluifi  of  ilio  Imkit  •■»  ilKnimt-d  in  the 
chapJrr  i|c>.-tlini;  Hitti  )ti<l|,*iiiK  ««inc,  ImiI  ii  luav  In-  «.imI  jii»t 
Kfri"  that  ihrrr  ihotil.l  I*  n.itlimg  riTriiiiruilr  aUnit  hit 
prttcrn!  rnnfurfiiation 

Pedlfrtt.  A  ijhikI  many  fir^ipif  arc  inclineil  to  Iiw>k  iifx>n 
ptiliyrfc  a*  «f>f»tHhinij:  fli«tinrt  frum  iitilitv  Vothing  iniilil 
Iw  fiirtluT  from  the  truth  Thr  (Hir»tion  i«  (roi|in'iitl>  a  kf  I ; 
wliuh  i*  of  i;riMtrr  itiijK>rt.uu-i',  ititlivultiality  or  |>«'i|i(fr«'«' ' 
The  inicMion  il-**  m)t  ailntit  of  a  <lffmttc  an«\vrr,  for  if  i« 
larpciv  a  question  of  ilei;r«'«'.  hnt  neither  i«  conipletc  without 
tlif  other  :  that  i«  to  nav,  the  ile«irahlr  lirc»<lint;  animal  «h<»nl.| 
pn-s<>e«i  iixlivi'hial  merit  a«  \\v\\  a*  a  kotkI  jicilijjrre.  If  the 
peilipree  of  a  Riven  animal  contain*  the  name*  of  a  nun''K>r 
of  animaU  »uite<l  for  the  excellince  of  their  protrcnv  li.  j 
iitilitv  otamlpoifH.  theti  ^iich  a  peiligrec  i<»  a  "trontr  imlica;  <n 
cif  titililN  ill  the  amiiiaf  in  (|iie»tion,  iK'taii^e  ihc  Ii  uleiun  in 
for  "like  to  privlncc  like"  rnfortnnatelv.  however,  there 
arc  ahvav*  «ome  ili'ceneratc  ofT^prinp  from  the  tito«t  noted 
parent*,  ami  to  hreeil  frotn  a  det'cneratc  merelv  on  acconnt 
of  it«  pedigree,  would  not  !)c  holdinp  the  pro[>er  halancc 
tH'tween  iH'dinree  ami  individuality.  It  muit  he  rememl>crcd 
that  the  immediate  ancestor*.  *iich  as  the  lire,  dam,  urand- 
sire,  and  cf-T'ddam,  have  a  preafer  influence  for  prvxl  or 
evil  than  mure  remote  aiucNt'irs.  and  tlurefore  the  f'lrxt  two 
or  three  generation*,  or,  in  other  woril*.  the  top  crosses, 
'hotild  receive  special  attention  in  studying  a  pedi^jree. 
Tin-  more  remote  the  ancestor,  t!ic  less  important  is  its 
intlnence  iikelv  to  he. 


si'.i.i:cTi()\  o!"  Tm"  smv. 

Character.  In  the  sow.  we  In. ik  for  very  different  cliar- 
actir  irnm  th.it  which  is  desiraiile  in  a  Imar.  Siie  shniild  |>c 
di.i,'ni(ied  in  her  carriaire,  hut  tliere  is  a  ftinininltv  alxjut  her 
general  appearance  and  hcirin::.  "hidi   indicates  a  firolifr- 


w^BmmKts.'m-MiiztfUif'^Tif^Zitf^i^. 


HWjpt^Tca  TrLM»««ga 


.il « r 


III  iii> 


'I  tlu  I...  ir.  I 


i«  '|tii 


111  111  (.(  i<'ii(..rm.iti'iii  i>  .lt«(  iii'.t.l  III  >  i.iiiif,  |i,,n  vs  iil,  |ii  l^mj,' 
»u  iii< 

Pe«li<r«»e.      I  "f  llir  |ir.Nliu|iMii  ,.i  unit.,!   Ihs:      i|  |..  nn| 

lo'Clill.il  lll.lt   till    ".iw   -Ik-uLI  1,1    |.IIU'  hri.l         A   ;;i  i.|r   miu    ^>i 

K""'!  l^|>c  ;hi-I  |Mr«iii,im   v^ill  ummIU  (ir'-liui    v.rs   -.itisf.u- 

ti.rv    pi^;,   (..t    Mi.ilkrt   |>lir|..  «<».   II   I  i,il,.|   vMlli   ,,   („,.,r   nf   i;,hn| 

lirnilnii:  ;•"''  'I'l.ilii         'l"li.i"^,!i     111'   |,   ti.,1   piif.    t,n.!    |„  r 

l>urr|lt.ij;t'    liill'^t    liMt    liO    <PM  rl  M.l.tl    III    iii;it>i-.^;    .i    M-IntiDii. 

Wlulfur  fiiir«-  l>ri-.|  ..r  cr.iiK-  .1  -,«  s.!,,  i,.]  f  .r  t.ricliiij; 
^l|||llIlI  !«•  Iriiin  ;i  |.f.|i(i<'  iip.lli.  t  mil  l.\  .,  I..  11  ili.i!  ,.iiiir> 
of  n  [.r.>lili<  f.itiiilv  Iw.  in  t  fiif  iliu  I-,  li.  ri'.|it.ir\  tn  a  vcrv 
Mi.irkt.l  .l.i;rtf  It  i»  v.if.vt  I,.  m'.iI  .1  s,,n  fr..m  a  Mi.itunil 
ttn.llur  wliii  has  lia<l  a  «liaim  to  'l« mMii-tratf  lur  iiM-iitlm-ss. 
A  sow  mI.iIo.I  f,,r  l.ruiliiit;  ^lu.nM  Uam  at  lrt»t  fuclvr  ftillv 
<Kni!np<-.|  tiato,  -ft  wttl  apart.  \«  iili  the  .'Liiit  ..lu*  «.'l  for- 
war.l  .111  till-  h<..|v.  Tlif  rfitiarks  up,, 11  tin.'  rtlativ.-  iinpnrt- 
aiKv  nf  pf.jiitric  an. I  iii.lu  j.liialifv ,  an  I  tlio  iiifhu-ncf  of 
an.csi..is.  \sliuli  u,  re  ini,!,-  m  .|iv4M|„iii;,'  the  M-!«'cliun  of  tin- 
lio.ir,  apply  with  i-,jii  il  f. ■re,   hno. 

IV  l'.UIi;i)|V(V 

In-lircpdincr.  nr  iii-.m.l-iii-lirc.lini,',  tiu-ans  flu-  rtiatinjj  of 
annuals  Mat  are  <!...ch  rdat..!  Thru-  is  „.,  ,,,Ksti,,M  th.u 
ni  I.ivi-.linj,'  has  l.,.,n  a  \<ts  iM,p,,rtani  f.uiM,  i,i  t|„.  JMiproye- 
nnnt  ..I  marl\  all  hn-.-.K  of  Juv  st,„k.  |,  ,■.„„•,  nirat.s  the 
M".'.|  an,|  makes  animals  m,,re  prepotent,  that  is  to  sav. 
raiise*  them  to  transmit  their  oun  ,|ualities  to  tlieir  prof^.-iu" 
witli  a  K're.Mer  ile-ne  of  ,-,Ttamtv.  I,,  this  respeer.  there- 
fore, m  hreedmi;  is  hinefieial,  hitt  it  must  „.,t  he  forpittcn 

that  it  will  (Ix  h.i.l  ,,„alities  a^  well  a*  ^ I  „„^.^_  an.l,  when 

carrie.l  to,,  far.  sterility  ami  loss  of  constitution  are  likelv  to 
resnlt.     Tn  fortunate!  V,  f,,,,.  i„,  one  can   sas    l„,w   s,„,„   ,i,c 


(lan-er  point  will  he  naehe.l 


eeaii."  it  varies  in  iii.livi.liials, 


and   when   had  etTeets  are  n   lieeahle,  the   iii|„rv  .-amiot   I 
repair,-.!       f„  ad.litu.'i  to  tin,.  Mvine  -in-  t-.t,.  ,..-,, ,!\   mjiire/l 


iTiTrmTi^wTTiT^Tiwi'"  ^ii""rrT  ."■ 


■'fy.  -ia«?satr*Z"«ai 


'"  Mil S.. 

'  \    Ill-Ill,,. liii^  lli.-n,  M„,M  ,,ili,.,   K„|,|.  ,,,  ,,,,,1^    ,,,  ,1,^,,     ^^1,,,,, 
■  \,imIih.l;    1-  r..nM.l,i,>.l.  it  ,.    -.,l"rr   t-r  tlir  .ivrniu'i    l.rml.r 

'"   ■'''"''    "'"■    l"'"l:'-'    .ut.--,  tlirr.       S.inu'   ,.|    ihr    M    rxpcn- 

'■'"■''  '""  ''■  1-  I'l.ut'.i  .1  'nnclili.-.l  I.. nil  Ml  III  l.ivf.lm-,  m.il- 
'"-  •i'liiii.il-  "I  -'I'lrwli.n  .li-i.iiit  rrlaiinn^Iiii.  .ni.l  l.nn-iii^ 
'"  ''"  ''l'""l  "I  ,rii:nii  l';i\..rit,-  sirain.  ,,\rr  aii.l  M\,r  a-.iin 
''■'"  'l''"'':^li  \.ilii'li-  rliaiiii.K.  tllii-  avoi.liiit,  iin.lii,-  ,-,.iumi- 
"■'"'"I  "I  l'l'""l.  Tlii^  plan  I-  r. .111111, ,iil\  .all., I  ■■liii,-  l.tv,.!- 
'"-•"  '""  "  "  'inii-,  V  -real  -kill  ,  ,n  ilir  |,ait  ,,1  tin-  l,v,r,l,  r  1,. 
''  'il^''  I'  ■!  -ll>^•l■-^.  an, I  !li,t,l.,r,'  it  i--  cnlii-i'U  iiii,iiital,l,'  \.,v 
Ui'iiii'a!  ii^c 


('i-;i  )SS  i'.ki'.i'.nixc. 

i  |."  Iir,,,!in-  means  llu'  niatm-  ,.f  aniinal-  ,.t  -liffrn'iit 
'"■"'l^'  I'  ■liiuis  If,, 111  -ra,lr  I,rc,-,Iin-  in  tliat  !m,iIi  \]u- 
'"■'''  •'"''  ''■'■  iVinal.'  ar.'  [nir,'  lni-.I,  uluTcas  in  L^ra,l<-  lure, I- 
•'!-■  ■•'   ''•!-'   ""'■  "i'  llic  paniii-   i-  11,, I   pur,-  l,r,>,|       TImii-Ii 

■'  •'• '  •!"■''  "'  '■1""^'-  1m,c.  Iiiii^  w  pra,-|i~,',l.  viT\   liitl,-  ,-aiTi'iil, 

s\-t,iiiati,-  N\,,ik  has  l,,cii  ,!miic  III  ill,'  \\a\  ,,1  MinKin-  llie 
'■'■'■I'iM  n,  liu  ,ii'  |,iir,'  l,i,-,|  an, I  ,r,,sOT,,l  Im--,  an,!  llie 
'"•-'  "'i.^  'I  ■  !""1iil;  lit  , ,1,1,1-  t,>  attain  a  -ivni  ifsnlt.  In 
'■'■"'"'"I''.  '"'■  ''•i,-'-'i  in  t'aiia,la.  it  is  a  ,-,  .iiiiii,  m  piaclirc  t,. 
'■'"^^  ''■'  ^"^I.-lm,  an, I  ill,-  Taiiiw  ,n-|Ii  with  ilic  |'„rksliire 
'"■  -■'"•'  "''"'  !'-^'  'M"'  "I  li"^.  11  li'iiiL;  .■,ii|)!ii,,iil\  Ii.-li>-v,d 
ll:  •  ill,  ].i,.u:,-ii\  I1-..II1  s,i,li  a  ,r,,'s  matures  ni.,i,-  ,|nirklv 
•'"''  •'"'-  !'""'  '■■i-i'\  than  a  purr  hrr-l.  Wluthn  this  i^ 
"""■  "■  I''-'  111-  ii'-\ii  l-Kii  ,l,-linit,l\  .•>tal,lislu-,l  I,\  ,-ar<-'"iil 
•I'"'  !'-p,  .iir.l  ,  xp,  run,  Ills.  It  |s  ais,,  a  ,|ii,-sn,,n  ulu-JuT  ii  is 
'"  '''  '■  '"  II-'-  'In-  N'-ikshirr  ,,:■  Tam\v,,r.!i  l;,iar  ,  ,n  llu-  lU-rk- 
-'""  -"■•'-■  '  '  '"  ii->-  111'  I'ai-ksliir,-  l„,ar  ,,ii  ^■,,^kshlr,.  aii,l 
Taiir,v,,nh  s,,u.  s,,H-,.  llu-  N,,iksli:i-c  an,l  Taiiiu,,nh  an,' 
'■"iiiili'l  111, If-  pr,,liri,-  than  tlu-  I '.crkshii  ,■.  it  u,.ii],l  s,ciii  a 
k'-ical  ,  ,.iu  !iis|,,|i  ihal  it  u,,lll,l  lie  !,rst  fi  IIM'  s,  .w^.  ,,f  the 
"^"'■''  I>i"l;ii<'  h;,c,ls,  tli,,ii-li  iiiaiiv  prrl',  r  t,,  iisf  tlic  llrrk- 
-liii>-  ^M>v.  Wlur,-  tin-  N'-.iksliiro  ami  'I';  nuv,  irtli  have  hmi 
1  '■,■,!  ill  -n.Ii  a   \\a\    as  t,,  'iiaMitain  ---n -liiiiti,  m  ami  ,!Ilali•^. 


I, I : I  I  I > I  s I .  II 

!•  i  il..ilhhi!  ulirthrr  aiiMhiiiL;  i>  i;,iiiu-.|  In  , Tmsmii!,'  ill, ■Ml 
\'.il!i  .illur  l,!r(  I-  in  i.i.Kr  Id  ].n»liuc  a  Iwuoii  lioj^  ;  Imt  m 
ill'-  <.iM'  Ml  nil. Ill's  c,,,,iM-  ivpc-,  ilicrc  i\  litil,.  ,|,  iiil.f  llial  a 
ir-M..  uiili  a  iKi<  r  hr.cl  iiii|,i,,vrs  tlic  (|iialitv  m|  ih,'  pm-cny. 
W  li,il  is  ilu-  1  (  ■  I  cr.  .ss  win  piohatilv  iicvrr  lie  kiiowii.  as  it  is 
Iai-il\  a  .jin-siKMi  (if  iiiclivi.liialit\   in  ilu'  aiunials  ps,.,|. 


(  II  \ I'l  I  iv  n. 


1!  I  '1 .1  vc.  - w  I  \  I    I  M    i;  \k  I  '\  T^  I'l" 

Canadian  Kxpci  TraiU'.         In  ■■i.Kr  i  ■  iir.ii  tin      ;!    r.  i 

"t  ;ll.|  ;lll';  Ml  ,1  ■  ..I  i~l,u  I. 'I  \  Il'Miriil.  II  W.'i  Ir  llir.  ,iM  to 
III  I  i\1'l.i:'i  llic  ii:;!ur,  l'  lie  I ',iii,|.  !',tii  ■  \|m,|1  |i,i,1,-  In  il;,- 
111  -I  p!:!'i-.  l!ir  I'  I'M  !■  -1  f  M  iiiiT  1  ,iMlh-  ■  i.!:i|.rlr  -'ir.  I-  .  iillK 
\'  Hi  |!ic  \  :'■  '  ■.  n  '  ,!•  "i  r  ;-i  llu-  \r  ■  'm  tiMii  ,  :'  (hr  I  ;i,  ,,!■ 
'.''■'1    'M'^'    "'     ''"-■    lit  "'[U-r    lllf      \"i       '.  ;iM     I'llMin     llf-    l-llr,l|i 

'     .■:!  .M   1;:-  '!:   1— -  li,  .i:i  I  win  i  •  tlu'  -iiMlr-i  ..|'  l.ii.l  |.|(h1ii. 

i'l'-;    l' 1-.      i)\\iii-    t  I  lllf  >iu',i|iiu-s  lA    '.he    t'licK  li,-   lis -s. 

l;r  i-.iii  rcih/c  ;i  pr.ilii  :ii  iiriccx  f,  ,r  In,  !i  ,.^-,  \\||i,  h  \\,.iil  I  h,' 
Ml  M"ll^  I"  llu-  r,!ii;i.li:ni  l.iriiirr  hi  tlir  ^ci'i'll'l  lil.uc.  lllc 
r-iIMiliail  parki  '■  iMiili'iI  (^''Mprtr  Willi  llir  \  n  !i-ri,-;iii  |iu-Lrr 
in  li.'.iiiHiiiL;  llu  pri^liui-  fiMin  llif  l:inl  li-'.  '  rraii-o  lu-  In, 
III  1  lIu-  i'l'liuii-r  lii.vi  ;'':;rl-:ct  i'l  wliiili  1  i  .li-.p..si-  ,,\  |  \\  , 
\i;-.  iiii|M.rl,niI  imiiliu-l^  (if  the  lanl  1m-.  namcK,  l.inl  ami 
■  i'l'i.ii'ar-ariiu-  ■  ai  l  il'i-ial  !  '.llri'i.  In  ,.:!p|-  \\,.-,K.  a  'Mir  'i 
Iii-ir  pri'i'i  iiii.,;!  r  \  thi-  h.,.^'  iiiii-t  lu-  cc  iii^nnu-.l  as  meat  in 
llii'  I'a-c  111"  ilii  1 'aM.iil'aii  iTmliu-t  llian  in  tin-  ca^r  ,,|'  tlu' 
Aiii'fii'an.  Tlinc  i-  mily  a  liniiU-il  ilriiiaml  fur  fat  pTk. 
■■  nl.  t'ii'vrti 'ir.  in  ('a.na'la.  wlicf.-  lluff  is  un  iiiarl-.rt  fn;- 
•!r'i!i!ar".afiii.'.  aii'I  a  ci  ■i!i;ia,iaii\  rl\  liiiiiu-i]  iiiarlMl  f.  .r  lard, 
ii  fi  l!ii\\-  tliat  ihr  f  :'  Im-  raniini  1h- iisi-d  p .  adv  a.nl.  'c.  As 
!  ii -nil  lif  tlir-r  II  ndilii 'lis.  tlu-  (."anadian  IriT'i.rs  and 
lack^  Ts  liaM'  !n  en  mri  i  d  nitn  pri  idin'ini.;  a  rl  iss  i,f  \\,y,-  ■,  h;  li 
.'"■  -  11''!  I'liiU'  ~ii  dirrcilv  inti>  d  nil]  n't  il  ii  in  with  llu'  .Xnu'ri- 
■an  ]'V..di!.t  in  \]'.y  I'.niisji  nMrkrt.  Tlu-  kind  nf  I'afun  nf 
.vliu'li  (.'anadian  •  i<  !m  is  maki-  a  sp,-ciall\.  is  \\  lial  \~  l<nM\\ii 
•s  ihr  "Wilidiin  -id.'."  a  pr  I  liirt  wlrich  Anirriran  packers, 
■-s  ••■!.  lia.i'  iii.tdr  III  atienpi  i.i  prudin-r.  Tlu'  Canadian 
T.idnrt   is  talrn  Il^    ti.,  l,r-v  lin-lidi  eiivs.  (■sp,-iia'!\-   I  .i  ni  ■ 


I  1  .  I  >  '  .      ,\  1    I 


v.li.)  ■•lie  uiiliiit;  Im  |i.i\   ;i  pi cii iiin! i  fiir  .iti  artJ!  Iv  ..f  miii.  ■  lor 
'I'l-i''*^         ^t    ''"•    prr  cut    ti'iu-,    ( ',(11,-1. t.i-    iiM.^t     fMr:ni.|.i'/!c 

ilHli.iir   i,    DiiiMMrl,.      Tli.-    |);ii,,.    ].f  "liu  «■   ;iii    ,iM;.  ',     ■  ,\ 

hi-.:li'T  .iM  t:il;c  'in.-i'ity  lli.it!  lli.il  i.t^-Imi  el  K.  tin-  ('  .\<A-\\:i\i^ 
" 'i'l  "''I:':!!  ;i  Ii'lJvt  :ivr:i"c  ;■:',■,■  .,■!  :,]],■  I,,,!!,],,;.  ■t::iri:- ». 
'I''!'    Mill';  thir-  •■  lii,  ;,  r.;  ,1,'.       (■■  ■!  ..'r,   !..  r  ..n.  ,  ;,.   •■,;:!,    I),  :, 


til.-    l.i«  t    :!     •    ( 


'In  .i[.I\  t!i:i:i  ll"-  1  i;;;:-  -.  ::• 
tlir;;..  Tl,,.  ^rt;it  .!;;!'...l  ;i<  L  '..  '';iiia.!!r;n  !' 
<<i  niiifMniiitw  'I'l'.  r-  an-  !  .  pm!..,  '.rt..I-  .;  ■  iiu-  i.i 
CaiKi'la  t.i  liav  \\\v'\  ,r';,:i;.  ■:.  tiir  '|';a!i:"  ..f  Iiac.:;.  an  1  I'l- 
^.M,.!.T  ("aiia.jiati-.  r.  a!;/.-  lli^  i.-t.  aii'I  '"a'.o  a  -•;..■,:  il  ■  :V.  ,rt 
t'l  pr.i.liaa'  rxac!!;.  \',!ial  tli.-  i:  arl.,-t  .Lnan.]-,  tli-  !..  IM-  :' 
win  III-  \>>r  t!i.-;r  Ira-'.-:  he  an  .-  !'■  r>-  i-  n.,  r.-a  •!  \\\\ 
("ana. la  raniiol  pr.  ..!:•■,  ■-  a-  ..--'.l  Lac  n  :•  ■  h.-.-'-arl;.  if  lier 
far'i'.-r-  •....aliniit  tin  ir  lui -in.  "  uiili  i!i..-  -aiMc  int. '''--.-ii.  ._■. 
The  Bacon  Hcj.  '1'..  pr.,-!-:!.-  a  .^...,.1  Wih-liin-  -i.l.;  of 
■n  rii|inr(-^  a  lu.^'  ..f  ci  rtain  .K-rai  tv  i.rciiiiarit;..--  a-  to 
\'..:L;Iit,  i-otuliti'.ii,  aii'I  i-.  .sn'.iniiatinn.  The  cn^t.  .!:'.-r-.  {■  .v 
till-  (.-la--  i.f  I.ai-nn  ari-  t-vtu-na-],  fa-t  ;.|n  n  ■.  aii.l  if  ;!'■-  '.aeon 
'I'.r-  n..t  (-..nic  iif)  to  ilu-  Maii.la;il  i;i  t  vc-r-.-  j.artirnlar.  it  i- 
VI  ry  li-.avily  di-coinit.-.l  in  pi-ji..-.  .\,  a  rn'.-.  tin-  \>  i-i:,'!i', 
liMiU'-    arc   nMially    ti\-.-.l    at    \(^)  p.,!;!i'l~    t->    jnr)  poinvl-    li\..- 

wi-i-Iit.      It  is  tni.- that  a  li  .LT  !-ia\   -Ari-.:!!    ~!--^ditlv  i a-  t!i.L  i 

J'.(>  p..nn.K  an.]  -:ill  ;rak(  a  vcr\  -.....!  Wih-liirc  -i.!,-,  I,--t 
n-'.-t  li"'^'--  an-  apt  !"  Ik-  !■  ■. .  fa:  af;.  r  ilu-;  p;i--  tli,-  jf-i  ;:ii;ni.l 
n:ark,  an.l  c  .ii>.-:iu-nih  ihi-  :-  tixc!  ;..  tli.  !•■  lit.  ih-.n-Ji  it  i- 
H'.f  .:ri.-tlv  a.lli.-rL-.l  t...  Tl:.-  !r--t  .K-iiaM.-  w.i-'lKs  a,..- 
fr-'iii    175  pi.un.N  t.a  !<)(-)  p.,!in.K  ]i\a-  w.-i-^lu.      A-  1..  mn.!'- 

tl'.ll,  it  i-  pn-^ihli-  t,i  liavc  ihr  h..Lr  t<".  tiril  I  .r  t'l.  I  f,,t.  W'lic  -, 
til..-  can-a--  is  -plit  .1.  .\\n  th..  Lack,  tin.-  l:i\  ■  <■■[  fat  .-.loni,'-  tli 
'  ;■  k  :-li. .!!;.!  nm  fi-...a  ::i!  imh  ;,,  ;,n  ;:;.  h  iiial  ,.  ],.M  ;■. 
tliii  k!u--~.  ;nn!  -li..nl.'  kc  a-  •iiiifi.nii  in  tlii.k  nt---  ..-  '-■.  .■','(■ 
f;-..!n  tlic  k-in  t'.)  tkj  v.vA:.  In  c  n: :. ,-  --iti.,!!.  \h,-  nm-t 
n"tirr;ikk-  fealnr(.>  arc  Icn-tli   fr..in  ■■'!-;•'  I.r  :     !  .hm  :  ii-'h'- 


II 


1 1  IH  I  \i.   -  (>  :  M    III    r  M  ,is    I  \  I'l 


Ur-  ..f  -IiMiil.l,  r,  i:,,K.  .111, 1  lie. hi,  :nu\  liiinii,'"  ..I  li,'!!'. 
Tin  ci.tih.lir.iliMii  ,.(■  ih,  l,,u..!i  h..-  \m11  l.c  ,li-,  i|sM',l  v,iU« 
t'liih  111  an..!lur  pl.icc.  I.i:t  i  Mii.i\  -l'  ihc  ili:i'_T.ni!  s||  .\k\i\-j: 
tilt  t.l.ilut  v.ihu-  Ml'  ilitVcnn!  p.irt-  ..i'  .1  >-i,lr  ,,f  Imc.ii  m 
the  l..pii.lin  trarkct,  will  Tc  i..nii.i  In  Ipi'iil  \.,  ilir  stii.h  ,.f 
l!i'  -'-.ilr  ■■{  I-iiil-  wliuli  l',.l!,,\\-  I'r.iiii  ilir  .li.i';i:r,i  -1  wil! 
'"  "■"■I'll  tll.it  tlif  lli..-t  v.il'l.iMc  meat  1^  lllr  iippfi  p.nt  ,,f  llu- 
^!'l^'.  tti  III  tlic  l..iik  <■{  i!u-  -Ih.n'l.T  1.  ill-  hi'ii,  Tl'. 
:-!i'iiiMcr  aiicl  luck  arc  iiiiuli  ilhM|i(r.  'I'll.-  im  i.  r  p.  .|  t  i^  mi - 
I'l  tin-  -i.lr  .in-  |,i\\cr  in  \  .iliu-  ili.m  iIi-  i.art-  ali^  '\  r  ili.  ni,  an>l 
llir  lia'ii,  a-  a  wli.iU'.  i>  ii.it  fi|iial  in  va!iu-  1..  llu-  -iijr. 


,/.■•■'    •' 


'r     .      :   ■   f 


,  I    ;      3' 


""'-:•'"'    ■!  \^''t-i.',-  -M.     a, TL-  I, ml  a,  ,!,iv.  i,,,,i,..a  ..f  .'ittii.'.  ai.j 

"■■Mil, .III       .      I    J,      ,.|      ■.    .In,   ,     II       1  .,,     ,1      111,      ,,,    . 


'I'lu'  iIliiMratK.n  -ii.  .\\  in--  a  Xn.  I  -nlc,  tliat  i-  to  -av.  s 
ti'-^t  -iLi"  -!.lr,  aiiil  a  fat  -I'lr  ■  ■{  Imi  '  .11,  i  -  al-  >  u-c-i'mI  It  u  ill 
I'r  -mi  lliat  tin'  \'iL  I  -air  Ii.i-  a  !;';irli  rn.rr  :!ii;  I'l  ■i-a  lavaT 
"f  I. It  aJi'iTj  tlic  Iiark.  ainl  that  it  ;-  iiar,  h  a':,!i!cr  in  -linal.lrr 
ai'i]  tn-<k  than  tin'  tat  -I'lc.  aial  iliriaf-rc  I'nrni-lir-  lc-> 
I'hraii  meat  in  pn.p,  irtii  m  t..  tkr  iii.irc  va'aiali'c  part-.  Tlic 
i'-~"ali.in  ..;-i.  ~li.^\--  ilir  ii,n;i  in  wlmli  Wi'i-lrrr  -iiK  . 
..!(■  -Ivpp,  ■!  I. ,  liic  l',i-it:,li  iiiar!..  t. 

Bacon  Type.  \-  ,;  nili  .  wlan  ■>•  .  -p.  ,ik  'if  a  li.ucn  \vv^ 
•■■■<'  'i.ian  a  ii.nk.!  !!■■-.  tli.it  1  .  ,i  li  1;;  -iia. ;!.'.•  i  'V  ■!  iil:!it<'i-- 
iiiU  .iii'l  '■■.iMti  I'.uttniiiL;  iiitr  W  la-liiia-  -i  Ir,  1  )|'  i-  .ni  m-. 
>iu!i  a  1m-  |i,  ,>-,  --f-  k.iii  .11  I  ■.  p,  .  i  '.I  i.ir-  .iiiil  !-  I  .il  !iv  -M\\  -• 
ari  I  ii'iiai-  iiii-nMa!  'a-  ■'■■v  ip:'!.-';^  W  -ll-lrri'  -1  '.'  .  Siit  tla'x- 
III. I.  !"■  Ill'  .1  Ipc  -ailalii;  I'r.r  pr.  "In,  ap.;  pi-, ,■■,:)■  \-,!i,!i 
w-llM  l-al.r  : 1  W  ill-lii-r  -.1,--,  anl,  lla-n-nu,-,     -n  '1  '  i,,-.]- 


\       v.'        1      \\      1       ^M      1 

-ll..'iM.  <  .     '^■i'!" I    ' 

,~ .  .11 

;  -r,     1     mil,     !ln      t    I     -;.|, 

i 

t    .    ..      \  ...I.-Im 


i.l     I    ■MI, 1.1.       .    I     I., 


I.I.    I    !.■      I      I 


i;iiM.-.i, 


I  I.    i;.; 
i  -.  I.  ■ 


■1"    '■       '    I"    ■■'    '       \\    1"''        '■•■>'      ■       ..I      li.,        lul.    !■    .,li.....,l       I    ,>,■ 

■■-■■     !•""■    .^^)!i:^J    l,>     ,l„      I...,,,      \,, ,.„■,,,,   J     ,-„||,  .^ 

l"'i-l'.i"  -       illi   ■-I     lh.      ,    ,11,  .;'.       1,,1     l;j„   , 


.11   Ik, I  \i.    .•.«  I  \K   III      11  A.  UN     n  ii; 


i 


in,'  :iniiii;ils  ,iri-  s.ii^l  to  possess  Iiacoii  t\|uv  Tin-  man  wlio 
will.  I  1  !•  a  i  111  !),'<•  of  this  I  lass  of  v\\  mo.  must  Iimiii  to  nco;;- 
ii./f  I  .Hon  |\|n'  not  only  in  tin'  market  h"^.  l>nt  also  in  the 
Iioar  ami  liri'ciliiiL,'  sow.  Tin-  di'scriiition  wlmli  ari-ompanics 
itn'  --lalr  of  pomts  is  iiitcinU'il  to  ajiph  to  all  1iol;s  of  liai'on 
t\pi'.  uluiluT  llii'v  an-  market  lion's,  hoars,  or  hrcc'lmi,'  sows. 
In  sciiriii^',  howi'vcr,  .allow anrc  uotiM  h.ivc  t"  he  hlkIo  f..r 
till"  ililfiTciit  I'l.issis  of  .inim.ils  Thiis.  the  kinil  of  hone 
rniiiitci!  in  .i  su\v  would  he  toil  li^ht  for  ;i  m.itiirfil  hoar,  ami 
the  kind  of  slionMir  looked  for  in  a  ho.ir  would  he  too 
cii,ir-.e  i'>r  a  m.irket  lio^' ■  and  so,  tliron^liont  the  list,  due 
allMwaiieo  woiiM  ha\c  to  hi'  m.nU'.  'I'lic  eNpl.in.itions  fol- 
low inj,'  tile  .se.ile  of  points  will  perh.ips  ni.ikc  this  cle.ircr. 


t-;\r.R\M     Mt(i\\!\t.     l.f\TI'N     ^r  rulNrs    ,.|-     Tllfi     IK'i;. 

1.      ?nnnt  :..      .\,ik  1  IMm.  I  -.       Kunip. 

-■      I'.ix.  Ii       Sh,uil,!<r  111  l...,    n.uik.  -i       11. im. 

•'■      l'"ll  T.      l!u,i>l  1  I  111-.  I   i!,i:k.  !  .       --Ii.iiik. 

*■      Jl*--    ■  s.      ].,„„.  u.  I'.Jiy  m,       l'a.,lcrn. 


■Ill  iiiin  III  III  II  iwi  I  III '  III  I  iiiii^iiiiii  mill  I  III  II  III  II  III  II  iiMii  1 1 


.11  I M .  I  M .  •. «  I  M    'II    I !  \  I  1 1  >    M  1  f: 


SWINE  OK  BACON  TYPE. 

fli -(  riptMii  .iikI   Si.ilc  i.i    l'..irit». 

A.  General  Appearance: 

Sise       \\.  II     .livr|..p„j     (,.r     .ii-r 

Form      I  .'UK,   .111.., .ill.   ill  |,,,rt»   |.r..i...rti..iiatrly   lUvfiiiprd 

»>>     ;i»     t>     Rive     llir     iiii|.rrsM..it     i.f     a     vxi'I  lia',iiir<i|, 

•■ir..nclv  liiiilf    .iiiiinal      'r.ip    line.    vtr..ii«,    un.l,  r    \\<>r, 

•  IraiKlit;  lirlly,   trim  .inil  mal 
Quality      ll.iir,  tun  ,  skin,  »in....tli,  «I|..«  iin;  ih.  t.  n.lrn.  v  t.i 

uniikl.  ,    li..|ii'     lie. in    .iitil    <.|r.i|tif    lint    fi'l    .-.irsi';    tt.-sli. 

firm  anil  <in....tli.  with  n..  ll.il.l.nir   »  at   (..\sl,   f..r.-  Il.mk^ 

l.rllv.    or    liani 
Condition      WrII   CM-nd    «itli    tirm    til  -li.   rs|.,  riilly   .il.tin; 

l..u-k  ami  l.iin.  Init  n"!  Iirivily  l...il,,|   u   tli   lit 
Style      Arlivr    .Tiiil    -priKhtlv.    w.ilkiiiu-    vMili.iit    ;i    -u.iviii; 

m..vrm(iif,    .Till!    st.iinimu    "'H    np      .n    t...  •-        I'.rii.liiik; 
aiiimaN    sliuiild    slmw    strong    rliaraitir 

B.  Head  and  Neck: 

Snout  Mi-rlinm    liiintli   ami    m.Hlcf.it.'y    fii<i- 

Face  flt.iad   •iflwrcn   fvis,   p. .11.    Iir    aij    .iml    (n  1 

Eye«  (;....i|    si/r.    full    ami    liritfli! 

Jowl  I".iir    \Millh    ami    imi-i  nlar,    l.iit    \.  ly    in, it.    v!,,,vMn.. 

n.i  IkiMiiiir-- 

Ears  M'.iliT.iti  Is    tinn.  ami   fnimid  v\illi  tine  liiir 

Neck  M.ilmm    i.nnili    anil    mii^ciilar,    Imt    p.  ■--r.-im,'    ni 

tcmliiicy  t(i  arch  on  tup 

C.  Forequarters: 

Shoulders  Sm."  ih.  v,,ni,-\\  h.it  fiimlcl  fr.ni  -u\r  i  .  -i.|,- 
I'cr  I")).  .Tii'l  M  ry  c..iiipa.t;  n,.  Wi,|,r  'li.ui  l..i.-|<,  .im| 
II.. t  riinmnK  •'••n  ^  ""  ^uli'  ^"  .'i-  I"  Oi..i|.n  .li^lan.r  In - 
twnn    -hnnhlrr  and   h.im 

Breast     f.i...,l   wi.lih  ,iml  fnii 

Fore  Legs  Set  \\i]\  apart,  mriliiim  ii-ni;tli  .ii.l  sirni,;!.!, 
IM-lrrn-.  iiprit.'lil.  li..m'.  cNali  .iml  -Ir.itiK'.  f..l,  iiic.lnini 
-!/!■    ,ind    vifinyly    {..rnu'd 

r.     Body: 

Back      .\Icilnim    wiiltli.    n-'m:    ^'luhtly    .-iIliv.-    iIk-    ^ir.uk;!!! 

line.  :im|    f.  .riiniii:  a   mtv   .-li^'lit   .itch    ir.im    i.i  rl.    t..   r.-t 

'.f    I  a,  I 
Loin  ^  Wi.ir   a-   r.  M    ..f   !.,ii-k,   -lr..n..'  .in.l    fiiM,   l.iit    ii,.|   ,u\- 

.liii>-    ;ir.|ii'.| 
Ribs     (;....(1    hnuih    ami    m.  ..Icr.ati  Iv   ar.  Ii,  .! 
Side      l-.mly    ,|,,'p:    ;,,n^,    ^n....!!.    an, I     -t..!-!:!     !.,;vm.  n 

^h-iiI.l.T    .-111.!    Ii.-im.    :i    -tr:ii-li'   .  d-,-    !,ii.l    ..v.r    -h-iiMr 

II. lilt    ami    ham    vh,,„l,|   t.-uh    lIi,-   -..h-    I  In  .  Mi-li. 'iit 
Heart  Girth      In!!.  I.nl    n..t   ii-il,tn    ,,t   l- ht  tl.mk-    liUnl  ..iif 

'"'''"   ""      -'■''■  'I   -h.'ii'.h  !■:   ih.Tc  ,!■.,„!,!  I,,.  „.,  tn.lvcl 

n|.    .I'.pr    .-.iin--    |,a,-k    ..f    f,  ,r.-  he-,    n-r    .Ir-....    hi.k    ..f 

'-h..ii!i!,  •-     i,,p 
Flank     I'nH   :,■,.!   1..., 


.«H  -JK^EW  J  JNfliejnjiJi  »iri»*IK  «kr| 


«r...T^  .w  .     ■  MVk^k  . . 


«:jt 


.11    1.1. 1  \..     .«  I  M      .1       l;  \,        ^      1   )  II  I    ; 

E.     Ilindquartcrt: 

Kutnp     s.iiiii'    kM.lih  .1*   li.H  k .   l.'M^;   .iiiil    ^IikIiiIv   r.  mm.!.  .| 

((••111   .1   |,..ml   .ill,, v.-   Iii|i'.   I,,   l.iil     .111,1    ,,,iiiiwliil    f,,iiii,|f.l 
(r,,iii    -■At-    to    -hit'   i,v<T   l"|i  ^ 

Ham  I'.ill  v»illi,,|il  ll.il.liiiii  >. . ,  itnuh  tip.  riiivt  1,1  41.1. 
Ii.'.k  «iili..iil  «tiiit,li»  i.r  f..l.|,.  aii.l  i.iirvHin  lli-  li  s\rll 
.!■  \\ii     tn\.'irrN     li.i.k  f, 

Hind  Leu*     Mi.lmtii  l.nwili    li..<k-    -.  i  w.-W   ii.,ri.  I.m  ni.f 
l.nuiil    i.ii!«ar,l      I,. .11.      .  '.   Ill    ,(ii,I    ■■ti,,tii;      |i,, .trill-,    up 
rii'lit,   f«-i  I,  ni.iliiiiii  «i/i-  .,|,,1    -ir,iH^'  V  f  .riitr.1  ( 

r    III  „„, 

.Null  ^   I    S     Si    \l  I     I'l     I'll!  XT'.; 

Size,  'lite  lii-.ltr  !.i|inn>.i  Imt,'  \\\\\>\\  ut'l  ,ilt:iiii Jiiarkct 
wfi^lit  .It  mi  r.irh  a-c,  .ui'l  lun.  .■  Iir  ric|tiiu-  l.ti.  iliii'.^'  .mi- 
iii,i!>;  .if  ijond  s|/f  If  ,1  Mi.irkrt  ii.ii,'  I-  uii.Kr  i .  .n^nlcr.itiMii, 
::ii  ill. It  i>  Mil  i-^^, IIS  Is  til  .!.,!, I.'  uluilur  it  i>  witliiii  tile 
wnulii   liiinl>  -<  I    I'l.r  hi,.^>  iMiiii.ltil   f.  .r  l.,i.-.iii. 

Form.  Ill  form,  tin-  Imcuh  tvpr  ..f  Imi;  ih  vcrv  ilKTi-rcnt 
fmiii  til.'  Ian!  wyv.  it  is  !,in-.  r  iii  ilic  K-,  has  1,  ss  tliickiioss 
ami  .|<'|.tli  <.f  lii.i|\,  ,111. 1  IS  li-lurr  m  slmnlilcr,  tink,  ami 
■Hvl.  i.cni^'tii.  f^i.i-ciali\  tii.ni  tin-  Lack  ..f  tlif  sin  hiMit  to 
tile  h.im.  is  v<r\  iiiipurlaiit.  I'nMii  the  hack  ..f  the  sIi.miIiI.t 
to  tlic  snout  the  Iiol;  sh,  ,.i!,|  |„.  c.  .mparativch  sh,  ,rt.  Some 
lio^^s  arc  jiiiit;  from  sii.nit  i,i  riimi.,  hiit  th.'\  h.ivc  sm-Ii  a 
loni:.  clctp  shoiiMcr  th.il  thc\  ,irc  slmrt  from  tlic  h.uk  "f  tlic 
s||. miller  to  the  rump,  a-  coinparci  uitii  tlio  .lis|;m,c  from 
the  same  p.iint  to  the  sii,,.|t  Such  lio^s  carr\  too  iinicji 
\vciu;iit  at  the  ciu.i])  cikI  ..f  tlie  s|,|i-  ,,t  hacon.  ami  hence  are 
ver\  ohieciion.il.le,  .•md  the  m.li;c  mnst  In-  ,-arefiil  that  he  is 
not  ilecci\e'l  h\  this  coiif,  .rm.ili.  .ii.  Ihit,  alon^^  ujth  U-ii^tll, 
the  ho-  imist  p,iss,.,s  siitticieiit  .1.  pth  .iml  thickness  of  ho.ly 
to  ilciiotf  coiisfjtiitioii.  \o  111, liter  h..u  Ion;;  a  li..;,'  in;i\  li,-, 
if  it  lias  lout:,  coars,  I^.^^s.  an.l  ,i  narrow.  cr.impc.I  clu-t.  it  is 
,in  mi.lcsu.ihli-  t\pc  111  hreeil  lomi.  '|'h,.  hrcclcr  must  secure 
ic.ison.ihif  ijipih  ,111(1  ihickii.-s  iif  |„„lv  ii,  Mriicr  to  have  a 
ho-  of  stron-  coiistitntion.  e\in  ih.ini^h  he  !ii.i\  h.avc  to  >;ac- 
rifuc   ;i    httle   leiii;lh.      'i'his   point    \\:U-\    imI    1  r   lost    sj.^ht   of 


.     U.    ll  .     •  ,.    I,  ,_■     1.. 
'       ll,.     I    .  1    ■!     I    .1 


,  -v      I.I, 


I      :^  .  '  I 


■  i    l.\    >.\  >',      i'V'    M     1  .  .!i     I  ii,t 


I^ 


l».   .111-1      till-     lull         Ml     ll      '.     ill.     ,|.)t      ill    HI     till       jillt     ,lll..W       (t.     .I«. 

iii'li- -It'll     111     III,      .|i.iv;t.i"i  \!'.H\.)ru.-     u.iiM     li,,vi      I..    In 

in.i'li    III  llii- .  li..ti    |..i    ,1    ».,vv    ih  It    ll  ,.|  |.i.  ..  Ill,  ,  .'    ..  \,  I  ,! 

Iilli  f^  i.f  |.ii'->       it  ui.iil.l  I...I  U     I,  -.>t.i!.|«   III  li.iw   lur  .1".  Ii^;lu 
ill  i!i<    111  IN    .IV  .1  I'lMi   .,1   ,1  iii.iikii  |i,,'^' 

Quality.  X  liiit,  - lli  ■  mI  ..|   Ii  nr  iK  mii,  ,  ilinflii.i  -■. 

■  "'I  ;:  ""I  .|ii.il'l\    III    lli-li         \      ^witl      I.f      tii-i-  '  III  till    li.iir 

,11   link  1^  .1.11 1  ll  i]  ti.  1 1  I.I  ml  \  nil  ,11 1 1  unit  ,  if  .i|>|KMr.iiii  I 

Wlilik'ts    1.11     till      ^kiii,     it     .ll     .ill     iii.ilkiil      iii'liiMli-    r.i.iiM 
■_;r.iitui|    ill    ll        Sl•llln^H   .mil    iI.iIiIhik  >v   ,,t    i],  ^h.   ilctinlf   tin 
iiMull    l.il    111    pM.|,..i!iiiti   I-.   I.  .Ill        Tlu'   Im.iu-   1,   ,111   r\llfiu-|\ 
III  i|  11  It  I, lilt  iii.lii  .iiii  ,11  1 ,1  I  in. lilt  \  ,  .nil  I  IS   |i|i|^t'.l  li\   tile  .ipiuMr 

■  ill' !■  "(  1,11  liiiiii-  HI  llii  liy-  'rill'  li.iiiiti  t'pc  111  liiii;  lu- 
ll, .i\i.r  li.iiii  lli.iii  4lu-  !.i|,|  Ii|ii  lii.ui-r  lliiTf  IV  .1  ri'l.iln.li 
!i<l\\itll  till'  ilrMliiliiiuiil  111  liiiiu-  .iil'l  inn--,  Ir  \  <T\  tuu- 
riinr  ii  11-11. ill\  .I--I  ni.iiiil  \\iih  .111  (Stfv'vivi-  ilf\  t'|ii|niii"iit  111 
f.it.  .111,1.  till  n  I'lin-.  II  !■-  iiiiili  vir.iMi-  in  .i  h.uDii  lintj,  ului,  .i 
l.ir'j  .111  11,11  lit  111  ll  .111  III  priiiiiirtiiiti  In  f.il  i»  tin-  nltii'it  vmiijlit 
I'll  the  ntlur  li.iii,|.  \ir\  iii.ir-r.  piitTv  hntu-  ijctmu-s  piinr 
((iLilit)  (it  lU-li,  .iiiil  1-  I, III  II  ;i-.sini.itfi|  witfi  li.'iril  ttidiii^' 
i|U  ililii'  atiil  l.itr  iii:itiiiit\  'I'hr  n^-lit  kiiui  nf  Initio  is 
vi  ,,  wlirri'  inuMiii  ilii-i  t\Mi  i'\(rc!iu-  It  vliiiiiM  li.'ivf 
I,'. Mill   uci^lit.   Init   tlif   lfi,'s   -Iiiiiilil   |iri-.ftif   ;i    v«TV  rIc.Tii   illi 

ilipc.it.iiu  1-  .\  r.iiin.l.  [iiill\  iiiiikint,'  Ic;,'  s|i,iiili|  m.t  hr  ti,| 
ir.iiiil  111  till'  liii.ir,  it  I-  ilitlii  lilt  til  liivi-  Iwi)  luM\  \  hone 
■I)  Imit,'  .TV  it  iv  ik.iii  cm.  til  it  iv.  imt  cnvcreil  with  .i  co.ir<;i' 
pMlfx  -km  Till'  V,  ,\\.  li,ivM\(T.  vliMiiM  li.tvc  tiiiirli  tin.  i 
ll  iiif  tli.m  tlu  liii.ir.  hilt  It  -hiiiili!  In-  in  ]iriiportiiiii  tn  licr  m/i 
.,11,1   t'rairu' 

Condition.  l  i  l>c  aMi-  to  )tiil;;i-  nf  ilu-  proper  conilition 
ft  .1  lii.irkii  hoi;.  ri.'i|uiriv  ionv|,|,r,i!ili'  pr.uticf  in  f\.imiii- 
ill'.,'  ntiitn.'iiv  Imth  tii-fon-  :itiil  .'ilttr  tlH'\  .in-  >.l.|-t;,'litcrcil  ft 
IS  iii-tiini;ir\  In  vliow  liiiclm^  .iivitKi'-  in  i  (iii-hI.  rab'\  h  ph  r 
Cnivlition  til. Ill  \'.  milil  In'  ■K--ir.ililc  m  .i  iii.nkct  lloy;',  hut  thr 
over  fittiiiij  nf  lirtfiliiiL;  ,'iiiiiii,iN  for  -tmw  -h.iiiM  he  dis- 
r,iiiiML.ni|  '■'.    tin-   'iiiL'i' 


v>*  ^-**''»*-- 


!■    \'   ■■  S       I    I   I    I 


I* 


Slyle.        ('!u   !..i M 


I 

i 

i 


'I     11'.-     1.      HI    .1.   tu,      .lHIIM.ll        Ul-I     if 

'!  1"  1  '■'!'  '^  I'"'  ■!  "1,1  i,,,,  sIm  .1.  mi,. I  .1,  ^.  i,,|„,,.nl  .,r 
'''"^'1'  "  ^\i'i  '••  -i''!'-  I"  ^\.ilW  ..li  <Mili..ni  .i|.|,.ir.  Ml  flfuit. 
S.iinr  |i..t;^  «,ilk  sMih  .1  uriltuitt;  ii  .mhi.  iii  u  In.  Ii  i.  .\  •urc 
'"•'"  ■''"'"  "'  •■""••  ^<  ""II,  y  .-,,!  II,-,,  (  li.ir.i,  (,  I  Ii.,,  .iIi.-.i,|n 
''<  <  II  •!'  Ill"  'I    iii.li  t     tU  .  i!.ii  .  I  |„,.,r  .III. I  ...\\ 

Snout.        I  infill  .  i   -ii.piit  v.irit     VN   'h  l,t.i-,I       \  ««rv  nfirn 

howrwr    .1  l..iit;  -t,..ul  ,» i.,|,.,|  «,i||    ,  n.ttfm  i  lict.  ;iimI 

a  vrr\  ^li,.rt  Mi..iit  i,  .,ti,ii   i.,...  ..itf.l  uuh  .i.Iu-.un   iuuI  a(i.| 

IM'tk 

Ftt'-e.     A  hro.itl  f.i.  .■.  .iii.f  .i  t,r.,.i,|  |..)|!  ulmli  nmtf^  well 

fMru.il. I  m.!n.iif   .^,H„|   .  .Mi>iiiiiti..ii    .111.1    ff..|iii^'   i|ii.ilitiv>. 

■|  Ik-  p..i!  1^  III.-  iippcr  |H.rti.,ii  .-r  ilu-  -kiill 

Eyei*.     i..irKv,   111!!,  l.nurlit   m.-,  m.ln.itr  tr'HHJ   Ii...,l(f»  .,,|,| 

(  (  llt^l  llu!  1.  Ill 

Jowl.     Tlu'  jowl  h.K  vcr\   litt!.'  .iinrkit  v.iliu-        \  Iumw, 

f.lt    |..v\  !   .1.  tl..|.  ,   .1    I.  1i.|.  11,  V     1..   |.ll(    .,11    !..,,   iiiiu  h    l.ii         („„„| 

whIiIi  .1.  r..s,  (!i v,|  ,,  ,|,-Mr.iM,  ,  Km  it  n|i,,ii|.|  h,-  trun  .iii,| 

"••■''        \  iiiir.  ,\  !. 'w  I  I,  1,11(11  .i>.s.i.  i.ilctj  \Mili  a  ri.irrciu  elicit 
.111. I  p....r   t'l  .'-l:ti-  .|i|,iiili,-. 

Ears,  llu'  tar^  .n.  ,iii  iii.jicatinTi  ..f  tin-  t^fncral  fjiialitv 
"•'  ill'  aiiim.i!  'III;.  Iv.  cai^i  car,  m,li,at,-  i  •  .arvcMo-.  am! 
tliK'kii.-,,  ..|  Lin.  wlii.h.  Ill  iiini.  i-  assiHiati-.J  with  .MafNC- 
Lrraiiicd  i!c,li  Si/,  ,,t'  car  sane-  uitli  Im.c.I.  an, I  .i  laii;c  c.ir 
I,  11.  .1  tic,  i-,-.^!^   (  ,  .ar,, 

Neck.  A  luii^,  -..rixMn  in.k.  in.li,  ai.-,  weak  coiiviim- 
ii..n  an. I  -i..u  i.-i-.Iin.^  ,|iialitii-,  (  »ii  tin-  oilier  liaii.l.  a  Nlitirt, 
ilii.-k  nek.  with  .111  anil  .  .r  .rc»i.  ..i  it  ..ti  tin-  t..p.  will 
,.111,.  til,  ,1.1.-  .,(■  Iiai-i.ii  I.,  li.  li,-av\  a'  tlu-  ,li..iil,lcr  aii.i  neck 
•■"'!  -iii'l  .1-  wa-  |M.iiiti-,l  ..ni.  till-  I  tin  ilicap  ,ii.!  ..f  Mie 
"'•''■  "I  li.i."ii,  t  )|'  .  ,,ur-e,  a  mature  l.i.ar  lia-  .i  licavi,  r  neck 
Ihan  a  ,..u  ,,r  l,arr.,u.  aii.l  ii  is  <iesiral«le  ili.it  lie  sltonj,!  have 
a  -ir,.ii.^!\  11.11,, K.i  iu-,k.  \ii  ex.cs.Mvr  , level,  .iiiiicnt  ,.f 
.ic,l.  lii.w.A.r.  j,  iii!.!c,irali!c. 

Shoulder.        I  lie   >ii. niMcr  ..f  a   ha,-, m   h,.e  i>   >. ,'ii.'\\!>:!! 

iipri.^lu.    i.Mkin        'i,.    .iiiini.il    .  ,  niiparalivcK    ,!i.,rt    I'r.iiu    ;V 


20  .11  111  .1  \i.  ^u  I  \  I    ••!     i;  \i  lis    I  ,  II 

li.ul^  .if  the  -!i,.nl,l,  ]■  I.I  the  -.ii..iit.  ami  l.ni;^  lf..in  the  l..i  1.  >>( 
ill.-  -li..iil.lrr  1. 1  !lir  niniii  '  )\\  iiii;  t..  it-  Ihmii^  a  c .  miiiara- 
li\il\  (lu-ap  iiart.  it  ■-IlhiM  ii.it  lu'  lari^i-K  ilr\  I'l..]"  i  it 
ii'iii-l  lie  ri'incmlint'.l.  luiucvfr,  that  a  little  i'\I'.'  '  '■  '•  ■« 
vli.iiil.l.r  I-  iii.t  ncarlv  so  nliicitiiMialilf  in  a  1  ■■.'  nu  .•..iriial 
a-  a  iiari.iu  clic  t.  In  tlii'  lioar.  the  ^ll.iill.liTs  ,  i  .ivi.  r 
than  w.'iihl  he  .Ir-'raMc  ni  a  -.  .\v  <ir  a  market  In  is;  i'  .i  .-  I'-' 
•^r..\\-  i.liler,   "'-Inelil-"   ileNel..]!   i  .11   the   -l.!e>.    ulliell   L;i\e   ih.- 

a]i].earaiu'e  nt"  n  m^hiie-s.  The  siiniiMers  --IkiuIiI  he  \ery 
■..iii]iait  .111  tii|),  hi  )U  ever,  ami  -lionlil  hleml  w  ,  11  with  the  tup 
line  .iml  the  rih  at  this  imiiit. 

Breast.       The  hrea-t  -h.'iild  he  wi.le  tn  imlioate  a   larpfe 

.lie-i  (,i\it\'.  ami  lieiiee  |iK'iit\   ..f  r.  >.  nn  I'nr  lu'art  ami  liiii,!,''';. 

Legs,      Strotij,',  'ipri.uht  iia^tern--  imlicate  ^nml  (|ii.iiit\  ami 

streii-tli    .'t'    hniie.      The   h'lne    has    aliea<l\    heen    ili'-cii'^-ed 

iin.ler  ipialitv. 

Back.  A  saj.,',y;iiij;  liack,  ..r  an  tin. Inly  .arclu.l  '  ck.  imli- 
eates  a  w  i;;ne-'-  nf  innsehn'.,'-.  ami  e.  )n--e.|ni  ntly  :'  laek  nf 
lean  meat  aLmt:  thi-  valnahle  ].;iri.  The  .ireli  ii.  the  haek 
sh.iiilil  he  very  -li.iL^Iit.  the  hi.^liest  p. nut  hein^  ..ver  the  I.  .in. 
.\  verv  wiile  haek  leimtes  eKee^sive  fat.  ami  a  verv  iiarr.  iw 
hark,  a  laek  .if  lie  h.  •  .r  lean  meat. 

Loin.  'I'lic  luiii  is  the  m.ist  valnahle  part  <.f  a  --i.le  uf 
haon.  an.l  then'f.Te  slumlil  In-  Mmnuly  .U'velnpe.l  aii.l  well 
paeke  1    w  ith   tlesli. 

Rib.  'I'he  spring;  uf  rih  in  a  h;u'iin  h<.;,'  i<  ver\  eharacter- 
;,ti,-.  It  ^h.m!.!  .ireli  .mt  li.il.llv  fr.im  the  haek  hmie.  then 
sml.lenlv  ilmi)  in  an  alnu.vt  vertieal  ilireeti.m,  i;ivini;  a  flat, 
-.ttai-lit  si.le.  Thi-  imiiit  -ImiiM  reeeive  e-jieeial  attention 
in  in.l-iiiL:.  as  it  i-  ;i  siir.'  in.lieatinn  uf  a  laru;e  .level. i])ment 
.  if  tnn-ele  .akuv^r  the  haek. 

Side.  I'riini  a  p.icker'-  -tan.lp.iint.  a  piL:  e,inm>t  have  t'O 
1  .ii^-  ,•!  -i.le.  l'",\lrenu>l\  I.  >n-  li.ii^-,  li..\\ever.  are  inelnie.l  tn 
ie  narr.iw  and  shall. >w  hn.lie.l.  ami  t.)  laek  ruiistitnli.iii. 
The  liree.ler.  therefiire,  mi'-'  e\erei-e  eare  in  thi.-  matter. 
an.l  while  he  w.ant-  l;.....!  leiiLith.  he  must  he  earefttl  n.'t  to 


.t  I     IH.  I  M,      >V\   I  \  I 


M  •'  \     c  ^  CI 


•-•I 


scenic  it  at  ilic  c\|iiii-c  nf  ii Jiistitnt u mi.      It  is  well  to  avoid 

CNlli'ilU"-   I'f    all    kiliils. 

Heart  Girth.  A  lai^c  licart  .^iiili  iiiilicatcs  coii^timtinn. 
'I'lic  nicl.i;c  iiiii-t  lie  earel'iil  that  he  i>  not  ileeei\ei|  li\  a  pad- 
ding; i:\  llahliN  fat  in  the  ic-ioi;  ,,f  the  f.  .n-llaiik.  which  will 
^;ive  llie  iinprc-siun  of  a  -reatcr  thickiie-^  ihrcuij^li  the  heart 
than  the  aiiiiiial  vcalh    |i(i--sc-.sc-~. 

Flank.       When  the  llank  i^  rea-'MiahK    well  Kt  d'-wti.  the 
lle-h  w  n-nallx    'AcII  carried  d"W  n  ■ 'ii  the  ham.       l-'nllness  nt 
llank  ndieates  thick.  l!e-h\   lnl!\    I'icat. 
tapirs  ;ii\\ar.i<  the  I  .>ck.      'I'he  l!e-h   slmnld  he  carrieil   well 

Rump.  ill"  riini[>  alVnrds  a  \a!i;alile  (lit.  .\  llat.  lirnai' 
rump  indicates  tlie  pre-encc  '<\  t.m  •iiuch  I'at.  It  -llould  he 
the  ^aine  width  as  the  restxif  the  hack,  hut  nn  wider. 

Ham.  <'.reat.  hmad.  luiLini;  ham-~  ari'  imt  wanted  in  tlic 
haci'ii  h".L,'.  Such  hanis  .,  ,irr;,  a  L;rea!  deal  nt'  I'at,  and 
re(|nire  severe  IriinniiiiL,''  in  ]ire]iarinL;  the  side  of  h.-ieoii  for 
market.  The  hain  nf  thohacon  li.''.;  i--  >miioth  and  tirni.  and 
around  tlu'  Iioiie.  lea\  ini;  no  haretu-s  i  if  luine  on  the  inside  ot 
the  tliij;h.  .\  ham  which  huli^e-  ■>ii  the  "iitside,  hut  is  bare 
I'll  the  inside  of  the-thii;h.  ;s  very  o1)jectioiiable. 


J  i 


5 

a 


rii  \rii  K  in. 


.niM-.;\-(',  SWIM',  oi'  i'\T  ( )R  i.\ki)  rvvv.. 

The  Fat  Hog.  Tli-:  i.ii  Ik.!,'  In  tin-  pioihu'i  of  the  ci.rn 
I'cll  "I  llic  t'liur.l  Slates,  riuap  i-nrii  (•iial)!i--  tin-  fii'dcr  to 
pi..iliui'  Ills  lii,-s  III!  He  ilu-a|>l\  than  i  an  llic  C'anailian  I'liilff, 
an'l  iIk'  .\nn-|-ii-an  p.ukir  .Icxotcs  Ins  iiu-i;>;ivs  ti>uaiiU  suji- 
plvini,''  tlidsc  marki'ts  \\liii.-li  ilnnaiul  sc  iinctliini,'-  i  lu-apiT  than 
ilic  l.inr\  liai'^ii  \shnli  minis  I'l-mn  llu'  su-talU'i!  liacon  Iimjj;. 
Il  will  iii.t  roiiniii'  iiiiuli  -iuA\  tn  fi  iiuinri'  an\-  inti-lli,i;i'nt 
piTsiin  tiiat  it  is  wise  I'lif  tlu'  C'anadian  I'arnur  to  keep  nitt  of 
the  tat  Ii.il:  l>iis;ncss.  an^l  iliiis  avoid,  as  far  as  possililc.  cdni- 
pclition  with  tlio  AnuTicai)  farniiT.  wlio  lias  chfa])fr  fvT.l  at 
liis  ilispt'sal.  I'lilil  r  tlu-  liai'i'ii  h"'^.  ilk'  most  \alnaMe  ])art^ 
■  if  tlu'  fat  lio^'  arc  the  liains.  hack,  and  slmnldiTs.  i,onL,^tIi 
of  siiK'  is  ,,f  miiiMV  importatux'.  and  Ik'IKT  we  litid  tlu-  fat  liojj 
co!iiparati\il\  sli,  ,,i  in  tlie  Iiody,  lint  very  hroad  and  deci). 
with  lieavv  Iianis  ami  shoulders  and  the  heavv  neck  and  jowl 
which  characterize  this  t\])t'  of  lioj.^. 

The  American  market  hops  art;  divided  into  a  larj^c  niini- 
her  of  classes  with  an  extremely  wide  variation  in  \vei,t,di!s. 
(  In  the  averai^e.  hoL;s  vveii^liing  from  joo  to  300  jiounds  are 
in  greatest  demand.  thon^Ii  sometimes  much  heavier  hogs 
coinniai'.d  the  liiuhest  jirice,  deiiendinj;  tipon  how  the  sujiplv 
eif  a  piven  cl.iss  happens  to  meet  tiie  demand  for  tliat  class. 

Dematid  for  Leaner  Meat.  'I'hougii  the  fat  type  of  hojj 
dominates  the  .\nierican  market,  there  is  a  .trrowin<j  demand 
in  the  L'nited  St,'''es  for  something  njiproachinpf  the  quality 
of  Canadian  hacon.  ;md  at  the  ]iresent  time  strong  efforts 
are  heinij  made  hv  some  packing  houses  to  encourage  farm- 


■a«&i^y  «aEiP':g'ii<g!xt.j»Ti  'aaHTcamivtML  an  ¥msisiM»(*.ns^.iitT'-*'':y*i^^sKnm^KrK'taa.:,j^ 


'  iV  *,V<! 


.1  1   lii.i  M.     >U  I  M      ()1      1    \  I       Mil  _'  ; 

crs  tu  prndiuc  Ic.iiKT  \)n<^s,  ainl  to  iiitrodiuf  into  the  Uni'etl 
Slates  tliiisc  l)r«o(ls  of  suine  wliicli  are  notol  for  prodrciiij; 
liit;li  class  haco'i.  Tiurc  i^  little  ilm.lit  tliat  the  prdductioii 
c>f  the  liaroii  ]ur^  i^  Ix  ml  to  increase  in  the  United  States 
cspei'ialK-  nnt^ide  nf  ,  ic  ,-orn  helt. 

Scale   of   Points.       The  s-cale  of  points  which  follows  is 

iiilnidid  111  a|i|il\  tu  i-idur  liricdinj^  m-  iiuikel  Im.L;^.  hi 
nsinj^  this  scale  nf  joints,  due  allowance  must  he  made  fur 
aj;c  and  sex,  as  in  the  case  of  the  scal<;  of  points  for  swine 
of  hacon  t>pc. 


SWINE  OF  FAT.  OR  LARD,  TYPE. 

I 'i"-cri|itKin  aiul  Scale  nf  Points;. 

A.  General  Appearance: 

Size     Will    ilcM 'ii|if(l    fnr   njje   _ 5 

Form-   Deep,    tlnck,    snio'iili,    Imv    si't.    pond    Icnpth    but 

riiniii.icl!'-    Imilt.    statnlinn    up    well    i>l:u-(<l    \vfi^.     T";i 

liiu-   -trait,';it.   iir   slightly  ariliiriL;;   tiniK-r   lino,   -tr:iit;li'. ; 

1"  Ily,    trim    .nnil    lu'at  In 

Quality  -  llair.  I"iiic;  skin,  sninntli,  slioum;^  ro  teinlcrcy  t'> 

uriiil<li  ;  Initio,  rK-aii  anil  t'lnr;  tk"--h,  snumth  and  tnclldw, 

Imt    ~li'i\viLjj   nil   tlaliliipi-i^  .  T  1 

Condition — ncrply  am!  (.-Ncnly  cmcrid  witli  llc^li.  Init  n"t 

(i\  i'r|,  ,11,^.   fi  n-   (In-   |.tir]i.i-c   fur   wliuli   ilii'   aiiiiii.il    i-   i,i- 
i-r  ■    ,1  (, 

Style      .\rli\c    and    s|irii,'litly.    walkiiii;    withunt    a    swavm-^ 

tnuvcnu-iit,    atid    standing    wc'l    np    uri    tuc^.      llrccdin;,' 
•liinaN  >Ii(Hild  ~liii\v  -trnij;  oliarai'ttr      ,.  t 

B.  Head  and  Neck: 

Snout — M'MliTatcly    fine ....  1 

Face — I'lroad   inl\M'tn   cyfs;  imll,  bni.id  and   ;'u]!  1 

Eyes — Gniul   si/f.   full,  and  bri^lit  i 

Jowl    -I'll!!,  ln'iiad,  di't|i,  -niiiiitli.  ;iiid  tirin,  c:irry:iii;  t!i!ni-~< 

liack   near   i"   (mini    i.f   -.liuiildcr 
Ears    -Mcdinni    >izc.   fmo.   and    -uft  i 

Neck     Slmrt.   thick, aiul   ik-rp.    K-'Cnidini;  and  full   fr^.i,     ]i.;i! 

Ill    ^ll'UlIdlT    tup   

C.  Forequarters: 

Shoulders     P.mad  and  cnmp.irt  on  top,  deep,  wc'l  flc-licd. 

liU-ndin^;  ■.niuuthly  with  neck  and  budy  6 

Breast     VVidi-.   dvcp  and   full  '  3 

Fore  Legs — Set  well  apart,  -hurt,  taper  lit;,  am!  -triitrli' ; 
Iia-tiTii-.  iipntrtit:  lnnu-,  idoan  and  hnc;  Ic-t.  ni.  di'  ■  1 
^i/c    and    Nlr'iiL'Iv    fririiu-i!  •• 


f 


.11  IM.i  \(,    -u  I  \i     in     I   \  I     ,.,11 


r  ,dy: 

Hack       l;r,,.,.i,     -t.auht     ..r     ^r,y     -.}^^h^]y     ;nrl,r,I.     ,„r,l,.„n 
'!  "-'''•    """    ii:i    "I'lili    M-ni    -IloiM,  r    1..    h  nil     thu-Mv 

l.oin        .r.M.I.  -. v;.  h,:!.  ,,i,|  il,;,lJv  ..n,|  miim,,iIi:v  il,  ,1„  ,1      = 

Klbs       I  ..Ml;     ;iin!      ur!!     -irmu.  '^ 


Ml til.         t   \  rll  1,1    I  U  .   .   1 


'    ■"■■■'■;     mil     |..,rk     .,|      -ll    MiM.T.      ,,    .!     ,|r,   |.     .,,1.1 

liil!    .11     |..r.-     ''.|i.|,- 


Side      M.^hlllll       ■rn..;!|i.       ,1 

-!i'  'III. I,  r    .111.1    ii,iiii 
Heart  Girth     I 

Mil!    .11    |..r.- 
Flank     Ik  ...  .,ii.| 

E.     Hi.ndc.uarters: 

Kump     S.iiiH      „.,|i!,     ;,,     i,,,.K,     1,.,,,..       .,,i....ili.     ,;v;liilv 

1    '      llH.i.    l|       II   .   .Ill       |.   .111       I.   ,      I,, I    -,.       ,   .f       t;|;| 

Ham      l;,..,.,l.  .1.,,,.  i,,,,w's   li.  -!,,.!    ,  1,,,,:,,.    :,,.;  r.  i   .  ,,  .|,-^' 
Mil.... 111.    Hr-li   ..irru-.l    u,  II   ,|.,vMi   f.   Ii..,'k   .  II   in-Hlr   a". 
^  Will   .1-    at    1.1!  ^ 

Hind  Legs  S\u.vu  -n  ,...1:|.  .,  i  u,:|  ;ii,,i-|  ,,,,.1  ~,|ir,r,  ly 
'""I"'  '""Iv.  1  — 1...  1,11,.  .,,,,1  ,  I,  an;  .  ;i-!ri,i..  .lr..,iL'  iV.  t 
iii>',!iiiiii    --i/i-    ip.j    ~ir..ii...|.     |.  1 ,11,  ,1  ■      . 

T'.tal      :~ 


Xmi-;  ii\  Si'.  iKi:  ('  M(i) 


Size.  The  fecKr  w.int-  an  ntiiiii.il  tli.-it  will  ad.iin  •^iiffi- 
cifiit  wi-i-lii  ti.  ^.1  im  tin-  m.irk.t  at  an  f;irl\-  a.-c.  an, I  Iicik  c 
\vciL,'lit  f,.r  a-f  is  .ati  iin|,i  .i  i.im  c.  lUMilrr.itii -ti. 

Form.  'I'lii;  lanl  li,  .o-  j.  ;il„,iit  .-is  iliturmf  fr,>iii  tlio  Iiacon 
'"'.-  -'^  ''  I>"--i''l\  C'liiM  IK'.  Ill  ilu-  \n!,ri,an  iiiarlut.  li.inis 
^IuiiiIiKt-.  aii'l  li;uk-  .arr  the  iiii|,.  .it.int  p.art-.  ;in,l  llu-i-cf,.rf 
iIk-  Icni^ili  of  M,K'  rciiivis  iiui,  Ii  1,-ns  .ittcnlii  m  tiiaii  it  re,  civcs 
ill  tlic  C-in.aili.an  inarkit.  Tlu-  .Kr|i.  tlink.  im.ismvi-  IkmIv  is 
iK'M  ailapicl  1.1  Mipiil\  til,'  AiiuTJcin  ii.nkcr  wiih  tin-  cl.i^s 
"I  nu-at  whu-li  his  ,11^,1111,1-  ,!,iii.ni.I.  Wnli  tin-  snl,s|,i,uH'. 
hi.wcv.T.  thiic  iiuist  he  s!iiii,,thtu-sv,  aiiil  a  pv,  .[j,  Tti.  .iiatc 
.li-vi-liipnifiit  .an, I  li,irm,Mii,  m,  hlcmlino  ,.f  []t^■  ,liiiVrcnt  p.arls 
1"  r.iniprisf  what  i-  ,:ill,,l  a  c  .iiip;i,tl\   l.iiilt  .aniiii.il. 

Quality.  .\>  in  tin-  c.ix,.  ,,f  d,,.  1,.h-.  ,n  li,,--.  fmc  h.-iir  .and 
MiiiM.th  skin  <ltii,.tc  -i'imI  ,|n,iht\  ..l'  llfsh.  I'iiic  l„,nc  and 
ahsi'nci  <>i  llahhiiu-N,  ,1,11,  ,tv  tlu'  -iui,|  "x  icl,l,  r,"  ,.|-  ,1,, 
animal  whicli  (!re>M-  .a  Karux'  prr  ,aiit.  ,if  its  jiv,-  vwi-lu. 


11.  I  ,  ri.i.  .v 
\..i,    III.    -i 


I IvIlllMl,      i       I, 


■   >■■■■'■  111  .1  ,1  ],,■.,   M,„k  r.«|.oM 

NcM.  ihui  ,1    (-.  !;,i:i  ,     \„M-,    ^u^,l 
I'     ^.      i-iil    th,     i.'ii:ii:\l    Miu.othntM 


il.   .1        'li.-M    ,      ~lMi>Mh.^       -lIMillh, 


^- j: 


E- 


I'lnu,      .r.,.lrnn     l,M m  ■•  v>,.tl.l.       -"     1 ''!-.     •'■^      -''     ■''<•       ""I     ln«lil. 

hril,.,l  I..I.-I.I     l.nl,l.,^>'      II.     •■!     ilu      -111"      ki"'!'l     iM"     I ':!'''  I     "'i^lii, 

|.M  ■•■•,,    |„.in..|-         I'.nl.h.i     li-'L-    .    ..-■!■,,,,      ,1  ■■  .    I <l        I    I'''     1.    «-    ..in:ii« 

1.,     .1,,      U,u     :Ui'     1.1  Ilk.  1,      ,1   .1 liN      11-   ■  I      1"1      II"       I''    -I'     '"       ■'      ''    "I'  1'''"" 

li'ililiii     IhV-.    ivh.lh.r    li,  ,n  ..  ,    iiu.lriiii.    .  1     !ii.'lil.    ..|...-.M    ll.     Iiii;!..  -'    .iiihly    ..I 
1,1     li,,t;         ,r...nt,~\      l!!lll..|-      Vt'i  1.     illi'.'l     I    Mi'l-'i'l      -l.!'""     i 


■■I'liln,  ll.  .a  \  Ih.f-."  «.ii;lll  :;  ..1  .""  p  .un.U.  ll.  .  l;.iri  ..I  l!"-  I,.l  ..r  bid 
IM"-  Al  I  lie  liiiic  iIhm'  Ii.'H'i  "i-rc  IIUK-Il  rn..r.-  riinui.u-.  .111  AimiuMn  tii^irki  i» 
lil.iM  lluv  :ii,  l...l,iv.  111.'  ,|,.l.,i^i'  l.tiriu  .Im-  !.■  ih.  ■!.  .1 .  .IMn>;  ,1,  liiinhl  I..1  !..< 
|...rk.      li"..mlisv     llliii..!-     Aiiricultmil     Kvi>ri  iim  111     ^l.li..ii   1 


j;;:;;,,,'"  "''"'  '' >■■ ■  >■ -  a,  ,i,..  s ...m  ^ 


Sli.. 


^.-.'-^ /•«»v 


.•»,'."«.'■■». 


m\<:. 


i'l 


M 


J I  r  H ,  I  \ . ,    - »  1  \  I     III     I  \  I     1  >  1  •  I  _•  ■ 

Condition.  ill  iiuiikd  il.i^M,,  I  iiii<litiMii  is  all  iiii|»irtant, 
lUi'l  MM  l.ir<l  li..^  I. Ill  (  l.i~s  a-i  ■■|iriiiu.'  iiiili»  it  i»  fatltiu-cl 
I"  .1  hi;^li  .liLjrtc.  Iii;,'li(r  littmt,'  .if  liriflmi;  sti.ik  i^  prr- 
mii-mIiIc  III  this  t\|,i-  lit  h.iK  ihaii  until. I  I..'  iImuv^Iii  .Itsiraliic 
HI  llic  liaioti  l\  |u" 

Style.  lilt  larij  \^]<v  <•{  lini;  is  imt  so  aiiivt-  an  aniin.il 
.1-  till-  liainii  tvpr,  luv  <Tlli<l(  ss  ilu-  annual  shoiilil  h,-  .qlilc  to 
iM.isf  .,|f  fm-l.\,  an.!  lluic  slii,iil,|  !„■  in,  in.|i>  atinns  .,f 
l-riakiiif,'  (l.iwii.  C'liaraciiT  was  .iisitiss.-.l  ,m,|,.,  scJatiun  of 
'in.'ir  an. I  mi\v. 

Snout.  '1  he  siMiit  is  an  iiidic ati.di  nf  tlu-  ),'riuTal  (|ti.ility 
of  Lniif.  It  sli.MiM  Ik-  r.itli.r  tin.-,  an.l  tliore  sli.,iiM  bo  an 
al)scnco  nf  wrinkles  alw.iit  tin-  simiit  aii<l  faro  ^,'<iicral!\ . 

Pace.  \\  KJtli  iKtuiin  ( \i  s,  ami  a  liroaii,  full  [K)11,  denote 
loiistitnlKm  and  loodnij;  i|iialit:os. 

Eyes.  I.;ir>,'c.  full,  lin^;lit  vw-s  ,Kn,,to  -....d  health  and 
fioditii;  <|ii;iiitio>. 

Jowl.  A  Ijr.ia.l  j.iwi  is  usually  assiniatod  with  'vidili  ..f 
.lust  and  ^vm-T:\\  thukiuss  ,,|  |„„ly.  Tlio  dovoinpinont  o{ 
fat  on  tiu-  jowl  is  an  iiKluatmn  i>f  the  ^.'l•lu•r.ll  condition  of 
tho  ii.pjj:.  A  tirm.  iioat  j.-wl,  showing  no  llahhiiuss.  is  an 
indioatioii  of  j,ronoral  i|nalit\. 

Ears.  The  ears  are  an  iiniication  of  the  ttiirkiiess  of  ijic 
skin  and  the  r|uality  of  hone,  hence  the  ohjeetion  to  thicit, 
eo.nrsc  ears. 

Neck.  'I'lic  neck  of  the  lard  hot,'  is  sjiortor  ami  much 
thicker  than  that  of  the  hacoii  lioi,'.  '{"ho  crest,  or  arch  on 
the  to|)  of  the  neck,  which  is  so  nndesirahle  in  a  hacon  ho.,', 
IS  an  indication  of  tinlslied  condition  in  the  fat  ho^'.  The 
neck  should  l,lcnd  very  smo<ithl\    into  the  shoulders. 

Shoulders  'i'he  .slionMor  .'f  the  fat  Im^'  is  an  important 
consideration  from  the  Americm  p.u  ker's  standpoint,  there- 
fore it  should  ho  well  develiiped  and  thickly  tieshed.  'l'lioii,i;Ii 
l.ir^,'oly  ilovoloped,  it  should  show  no  coarseness,  hut  should 
he  sniootli  and  compact. 

TJ__--«  \\-'    I.I  II  I       '  ■    . 

oicusi,  '•'.  iuiii  a;;.;  .icj.iii  ui  liiis  roi.;iiiii  iknolc  eonsutu- 
tioii. 


i  I 


!         1 


l^g:     ^  " I'll  ■!»  1(1  ix  III  til.'  It-x  art' .  ...ir><  iu'»n  ..f  |i.,iv 

wi.ik  p.l>.|(rll^.  <i,„,k..|  kii..s,  aii.l  iiiiiliilv   l.«'iit  IhkK^       Til 

'•'' '  'Ik    I  il  li'>k'  .111-  ^li'iitiT  ami  llu    ti.iiu    iiinr  lli.iii  iii  ill' 

111.. Ill  iii.t;  l,,,t  ,|,,ui  .  nt  Im.hc.  an. I  •.lraii;litm'>.s  an.j  -trrnt;!h 
"f  U^;-  ami  |.astirn-  arc  «-.niall\   iiii|H.rlaiil  in  Ixith  <  Lism  >. 

Back.  \  "•ai^-iiiL;  hack  i^  .i\\  in.Ju'.ition  i)f  wrnknc^'  A 
i  .u  k  V  ill.  Il  ti.cs  viTV  slitrhlh  al..'  lIu-  slrai;;lit  liii"  i", 
ll"nu<l  .ill'l  iiMlalh  nil. I..  Ii..i\il\  )■  ;..  l.-.l  ih.iil  ,1  |>.'llii!l> 
^traiL;llt  .I'l.  lli..tii;li  a  In-h  ,ir.  Ii  m  tlir  h.uk  is  (v.ii  n:  |i' 
I'!  jcitiMii,,!,!.-  ili,,ii  ;,  ,1.  |,risM..fi  Till  I..1.  k  sli..ii!.!  1  .■  t!u- 
•^amc  \M.lth  ,i->  III,'  xli..nl.|«r.  aii.|  sti.iul.l  l.r  iinif.)riii  m  wi.Itli, 
.•iii'l  'Ii.i.h   .itvcrt'd  Willi  lli'sh  t!ir(in^,'li.itif. 

Loin.  Till-,  is  a  valuaMc  ml.  ami  s|i..iil,|  l.o  I. dm. I,  full, 
aii'I  ilii.kl'.  .-..vcr.'.I  \  I..W  1.1111.  ..;■  ,,iic-  uliirli  j.  .ni.luh 
aiilir.l.  .11  will,  li  i>  |ii;^||  HI  i|„.  ,.  in,T  ,111.1  lalU  aw.n  In  I'.uli 
'^'li-.  Is  rstri'iiii'h   iilii.i  111 .ti.iMi'. 

Ribs,  i  lit  rill  .ii'  ilu'  I. It  h,.;^'  makes  a  inorc  circular  arch 
ill. Ill  iliat  .11  ilu'  li.ic.iii  li.ii'.  Tlu-  rill  sli.iiil.l  lif  l,,;l|^r.  :i,i.| 
^l^■lll■l  spriii;;  in  sn,|,  .-,  \^,,\  .i^  ,,,  ,„,,  ,,n.r,'|v  ^-vc  tlic  animal 
ui.lili  nil  i'.|..  hilt  .ilsot,'.....!  tiiickni'ss  tlir.»ii},'li  the  lower  part 
of  tile  lii.ih. 

Side.  Tliiiiicli  lonutli  of  vj.I,'  i>  ii,,t  i'iiipliasi/c<I  in  the  fat 
Ii.ii;  t.p  till-  cMiiit  that  it  I-  ill  tlu'  h.u  1,11  hot,',  it  is  dt'sirahle 
for  the  lio(,'  to  have  i:o.„l  leii-th,  |,rovi.le.l  that  depth  ami 
thickness  ,,f  |„„ly  are  iM.iint.iiiu"!,  Tiie  si.le  sliniil,!  come 
out  even  with  the  -shotdikr  and  ham,  and  .should  he  deep 
an. I  -'iiMofh, 

Heart  Girth.         I.ar),;c  heart  trirth  iiidieatc?  constitution. 

'I  'k  r.  -Iii.n!.]  he  no  dejiression  h.u  k  <>(  the  lop  or  si, I,-  ..f  the 
^|;  >i;!d<  r,  and  the  aniiii.il  sh,,iilil  he  thick  and  well  let  down  at 
til.'  fore  ilaiik-:.  .\  tucked  up  ajipearance  h.ack  of  the  fore 
I.  -^  i<  ver\  ohjectionahle. 

Flank.  A  ileep  llank  is  as~oci,-ite.|  uiih  i;ood  depth  of 
Iio.!v  ami  fullness  ,,f  il.,,ik  ,!eii,  it,s  thick,  tlesliy  hellv  meat. 

Rump.  While  the  nnnp  roiin,ls  slightly  from  the  hack  nf 
the  loin  to  till'  t.iil.  it  sIidhIiI  not  have  a  steer'  ''lopc.  hccansp 


.^^■gt^  jT/- --      r" 


CvCfT 


.HZ^p^aTm^j 


MINIM         ^  IM  "»  I       t  •  [        I     \  I        1^11 


^M>  li  I  I  .iti|..tin,iii..n  .liit.til"  liiMii  tlir  ufiulit  ..f  ilu-  lUll'l 
'I'l.irii  I  Th.  iiiiii|.  Ii.itil.l  l,f  ui.li-  .iihl  lull,  II,. I  i.irr.  a. 
iiiui  !i  i!.  »|i    I-.  |ii i-i-.ili|c 

Ham.      I  'i'.  Ii.iiii  1'  of  ijri'.itir  rclntivf  iiiiport.iticc  m  tin 
f.il   U"'^   llun   III  till'  Ir.n.iii  li..';        It    li.i>   i|m|    iIic  |.i|..tiiit;   .ip 

I"  .1,  .1  III  I    ■    I   I'll    li.i! till    I  Ml  •  III  1 1. 1.4,   lull   I-,   \v  nil  ,  .1:  1  1 1,  ,11 1' I 

thii  K    .  .It  I    Ml     iiiii  li  111.  'n-   i.il  .  .11  It .   -urt'.i.  <■       I  Ii  .IS  \    |i  .J.K 
nr    uiniKIi-.    .ili..\i     ('1,     I'.nk    .III     ..lin'i  liMii.ihlc.    ,iil"l    iti.ii- 
iiii:li|  111'  i;i  11'  1    1     11  'mpiIuic^^  .iii'l  iiliiiii|  iii'hs 


<   I  I  M    III;    .V. 


I'.lv'l  I  l>>  ■  M    -w  |\|.; 

'•'^""    ''"    '"■■■'■   ■"■      I'  ''I    ^^'il lui.lit.,!!'      ,(    «,!!   Ik 

'"^'   '"     ""'^    'I"    '"-'•I-   ^iMii-MH   u:fl.        .    .,n    ll..,    .n 

■"•'"    '   '    •"""    '■■<"'     •    ""Mtr    ,,1    l!,.     l,n|„   i!,,n.i    ..I    !„,,,|    , 
.i    i.u  I'lf    in    t.  .  iliiiu-      u  >■!. 

Relation  of  Breed   to   Etonomy  of   Pro«luctiofi         I'r   I. 

''•'^''      '"''I      '"II'Ih.    I,. I      I.-,       Ill,       (     llll.l,,.,        \_,       ■,,    .,„    |l      (•.,!!,      ,, 
•""'     ""■      '"^^■'      "'"'       I.NI'.tim,   M      ^t,,!    ,„l  \.      ,l„.     .    ,,,.   H,. 

\;;nniliii,  ,1    (  ,,'1.  u.  .    m,     ,  vp-Tiiifi  .      „ ,,.!,„  ■..!    ,,, 

V\lll.  ll    MV    l,r,i-.N   ,,t     .«,,„■    „,-,,     ,,,,,,.,,,,,,!     ,,    ,    ,    ,K^     ^,      ,    ^^,- 
l"'"l"'  '"-;       "•'     |"Min.!-      ..  ,,,,      li\,        .,,  ...Jr  I  !„        ,,,,  ,   , 

• '""   •■'   "'■■''  '■'<i^"'    -.1    '     I     U.  .„n.|,     ..„„     !,,,    ,,,-|,,|", 

'"   ''"■   ''^''   '  M-r'"'"!-    !^    •,.^,,,  h,    !l,       I    i,!,      ,  ,.-, 

'■'"■    ""■■''    '■    •■■n-i.l.  ...!       s^-h        ,„,,    „   ,(,.,       ,,,   ,.,    _,^^   . 

•ll"'  •-:r<<n    l((.|,   „,.-,     ,,  ,^  ,  ,  ,,,, 

I'.r     .ill     lircr.K      ,  >i,'      'i,,    ,      |„     ,  I    ,,| 

(  "iiip.inMiii 

Ml    \l.     l'<,\>;i    Ml  I,      !,.„      ,fK»     f',,l    -   t-4     I  .  V,. 


I.     Ml. 

-.1111!      '  ■ 


11 ; 


ll 


1  i 


|!.Tk-ll,t, 
N-!k-.ii:rv 
I  .iniw  1  irth 
hiir.M      I,, 

fli.-i,  t     W 
I'ol.ni.l    rii;- 

.i'i'|ilr.    Ill    .1    rrr; 
^iillir    iiiiLi\,,i;||,  ,. 

...■       ..,!..     .  II 


,»-'  1!.^. 

•f.Hv  lr..iii 
'  ■  u  n  -'Liti-il 
i--i;i,-!i  ,-t    ih->i 


%iL*^    ->  ',im7m.u^'.mr  •  ,^mp  f'  *   i. 


1 1 1  f  ■  - 1 1  ( 


■  11.  llfU-l.llu.      ih.u     ,.  M,„1.K     .,11.  ,t    III.       .|,,||.|i|l^    ..|     th.     I.(,..| 
"I     'I'"     '^'-li  l!     I-     l<A\,],     <:.,u-     -..ll.t.t.  I.if,  .     •Ii.nt.rr.'       '., 

I  iK'-  .  .1.  h  .  \|«  tmu  lit   iii.ln  ..lii.ilh      iii'l   -1.    uti.  ilut   thvTv  i> 

•"'^     Mill.  \      111     ill.'       I  ,ii>!  iij,t    .,       Ih.      t,i,,,|,         llr    i.ilil, 

i;i\.ii  Im:.,u    -.|i..vv.   Ill,-  1.1, .,|     i.,i,k..|    Ml   ,.|,l,i    ,,|   ,,,,i„,nu 
of  u.iiii   !    I   .  ...  ;,  ,  vh.  ii  ...  ht 


'  '~- 1    HI"   I   ■  11 1(1  \ir\  rs 

"'"  '-   '"  ■'-.■■'  "  "'■''.  •  •  •  i:,.  „  M„v  .•/  /■  .'./((,/„. II 

',:'     '      I'    '""•'<  •',,'     *    .p.  ri>i>.  Ml  ,r,|     I   ,,„  ,,,,,riil 

'      '-"-^    '■  ■•■  '  !!•'       liii-  I     V  rk-l,.,, 

-•     '  "'^"    "I  ■     I  1        ■■t\\-  ■    c  ,|..h  ., 

'     '■■■'•"    '     '  ' 1  !■' '    '  I    ",  ,     |.„,  ,.      I.,  ,  , 

I     I'"|  I,  .    ,  V  I  I   !       I,        \\  I,,,, 

'•    I  U.    ,    ,     \\\  .t,  N.I 

(,      S  ■    ,1  r 


'.      Dnr..,       !     :    ,  y 

|lii      I    -  i  I  r  Mltrtil  ■;!  I,      I     .,,,  ;  ,111,      I 

t      lt.Tl.,1;...  ,      j:,  ,L    I.;,. 

-■      Till.- ■■nil  .•     S..ik    li.r.' 

1     S  •  '  ^    liii  •  ;  I  l.ir           I,  r    .  V 

t     (    !i.  -I,  ,     Willi,-  I  I    i            ,      s\  Ini,. 

'>'!'•>         !•    I    -,    V  I     Mil..   .,|<l, 

"     !'■   '  'II''     >    !■  t'.i  'I  r    ;  11.. I     .    lull.. 


J 


,l.|..>.    Mil 


> .  r  W  I 


<l        I'.il.,,:,!       I     li     „., 


I'"   1"1,      .ltl\     ,  Oil, 111.  HI     I-    l;   .„|.-    u]..'!!     th.  M-    f.  Mllts.     it     \m!| 


Im     !,.  II,  1 


••^■'I'li'i-'    111.     i.iu.i    -  '^1  .  Ill      Ills.    aIu-u-   tlirt'i 


'•  -'  •  \M  I'    111. elf  u  itli  t!i.       rti,    ^1  X  l,ri-,|-, 

Ii'W    >    I  :i;i  \:      \  I  - 

/•'■''■''        '"<"      i-'l  .It        !,!,!       ■   i.,  -'11   my  n(  I'r'du.tU'H. 

'    '      ^   •■'     'Hii.-Mi  .„  I     1  v;  .  ■.,,,,,,1  „  I     |'-.M„rm,.nt 

'      ""^    ■      IT'V  I  III,,,,.      |,,.,.^  ,  ,    .rk.liir.- 

-■     )■■'''■    ''■"  ■■  ^..ll     1,  rr  ..  I'    ,,„,|     ,    I,,,,., 

■       i..n,u,-M!i  '  I.,,!      I,,,,.  i  |.„.K.     ir,' 

I     I'    '■-'     '   li'i"  1  I   '.  .■.<.'.i''  ,  l)„-    .,■     I,.r.,.v. 

'    \  '"    ''.'    ^^1'"'  -  l''i""l    '   I. ■  <  I  '■'.,     Uhi,,- 

'■      I"  '•      '■'I'  <■      <    ii,  -!.  .       Willi,-  ,.       I  .,,,;-.^,,,,l, 

Tlu    I,  Mills   I.I    ih.'M'   ,|.^lu    .  v,|M'n..!,nf-   lii.ik.'    iiit.T.'Min-,- 

''■"'"!-;  \     .     Ill    i  Ml     -l.i.l\     ,  .r    the     ,  .!><      ,     ill     '  .   -.nil     I,,     1 1,  1 1     ,  ,||    . 

"'""   '""'""      ^  !-■    -    'I ''It    ,  .  -illolllS     cf   |,I,„|,l,  tl.lll    1-    II,  It    .1   ,|lllMi,'l' 

"'   '"'■■'1.  ''Ill    i-  !>u-r,l\    ,1  m.itu-r  ,,!'  iii,li\  nlualitv .      'I'lu-  li,,- 
,.. I,,.  I,  I,  ,.,.,,,,.■.>,,.:,,,,..,,, I    .,,.,...     .   ,,         ,  .       "■ 

■■'   l'"'   '"""'   !'   (■"iivniiu-s.  ,,,,  in, lit, -r  v\li.it   lire.',!  it   l„l,,'      .  l.i. 


f, 


so 


mil  I  i>M  <>i 


Relation  of  Breed  to  Market  Requiremeati.  In  each 
nf  till'  tiv<  <  )ntarin  rxpcriim'tits,  llic  Im^^^  wcro  sliippt'il  to 
llu-  Win.  Davics  Co.,  I.imiu-il.  TKroiiln,  whcro  llu-v  were 
larefiitly  examiiuMi  l.y  e.xjierts,  aiitl  jtiili:e<l  as  to  suitability 
for  niakiiif;  Wiltshire  sides,  (n  aildiliou  to  tlie  five  experi- 
ments already  iiotetl.  a  sixth  one  was  eoiidticte<l  with  a 
larj^'cr  miinher  of  Iiol;s  of  eaeh  hreed.  in  whieh  the  ohject 
was  not  to  eoinjiare  the  l)retd->  with  re^;ard  to  economy  of 
])nM!uc-tion.  hut  in  which  the  hreeds  were  compared  for 
market  ])iiri)oses  as  they  were  in  the  otlier  live  expeiimeiits. 
There  were,  therefore,  six  i  \iieriinenls,  in  which  the  six 
hreeds  were  conii)arcd  as  to  suitahility  for  making  Wiltshire 
sides. 

Hri-.I.DS     AkR\NC.I:1>     IV     OkHKK     0\>     SiriT.Mtll.lTY      lOR     TllK 

Mamiacti'kk  oi-  Wilts II IKK  SioKs. 


1st    r.xin-riment. 
J  Yorkshire, 
(Tamworth. 

,5.    licrk-liire. 

4      l'"l.iiicl     <liiii:i, 
I  Chester  White 


41I1     I'N[)iriinciit. 
I     \'    .k--liirc. 
.'    'lamu'irili. 
V   Hirksliire. 

r  ClK'>tor    Wliito 
4  ',  Hiirc'C    Jersey. 

ll'wland    C'liiiia. 


jiu!    F.xpcriiiient. 
I      ^  I  .rk-lnrr, 
_>.   'raiiuvorlli. 
lUTk-liirc, 

Wliitc. 
i  Dnr.H-  J.  fNoy. 
(  Poland   China. 


I   licrk-liir 
;  Clu-tir 


5tli    F.xpcriinciit. 

1.  N..rK~lnrr 

2.  I'lcrk^liirt'. 

.!.  t'lic-tcr    Wliite 

.|  'raiiuvortli. 

?.  Diiriic    Jir^iy 

()  I'lilaiiil    C'liiua. 


\r<\     l",\|icriTiient 
\  S'oik^liiri'. 
I  Tamwiirth 

V     I'.rlk-lMr.- 

4.   Poland    China. 
(Chester    V\  lute. 
(Diirnc    Jtr-^ry. 

fitli    F.xirrimcnt. 

t.  Vork-'liirc. 

2.  'laniucrlh. 

.i.  r.vrk>liirc. 

.(,  Diimi:    Jersey. 

5  Polanil    t'liina. 

(.  (.'liottr    White. 


h'rom  the  tahle  i;iven  ahove.  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Vork- 
slhres  had  a  ver\  di-tinct  advantage  in  this  ])art  of  the 
experiment.  The  ^'orkshire  carcasses  were  characterized 
h\  good  length  of  side,  nniformity  in  thickness  of  fat  along 
the  hi.  k,  a  good  general  dcveloinnent  of  tle^h  ( '  -an  )  thickly 
lleslied  I'll  ilc-slr  lielly,  and  a  tleshy  h.im,  which  re(|uired 
little  triipining.  1  heir  most  seri  nis  faults  ran  in  the  tlircc- 
tlnti   {>f   ri.ti   invh.li.'   wei'jht   of   -.In  111I  Irr-;,  Cd.-ir'-v'ne--   of  hone. 


fW^^FSff?'- 


mil  I  !>■>  Ill    »u  I  \  I 


31 


and  thickness  of  skin,  tli.inj;li  these  defeets  were  m-ticeahlc 
in  only  a  small  proixtrtinn  nl  the  t;irias,,es. 

The  Tanuvortlis  Meneral!\  had  a  lii;lit  shoulder  and  a  vcrv 
uniform  la\er  of  fat  aloiit;  the  hack;  hut,  as  a  rule,  thcv  did 
not  (|uite  equal  the  ^  orkshire  in  len^^th  of  side,  thickness  of 
!i>in  and  helly.  and  develojiment  of  ham.  In  many  of  them 
there  w.is  a  m.irked  lack  of  lle^h  over  the  loin,  accompanied 
hy  a  thinness  of  holly  and  a  decided  jif^htness  of  ham.  They 
eisily  stood  second  to  the  ^'ork^hires,  ho\ve\ir,  in  the  matter 
of  suitahility  for  the  Canadian  esport  trade.  In  fact,  the 
^■orkshires  ami  Tainworths  were  tiie  oul\  two  hreecK  uiiicli 
showed  marked  uit.il.ility  for  the  niaiiufacture  of  Wiltshire 
sides. 

1  he  stroller  |„,j,,t  ,,|'  thi-  lUrkNhire  carcasses  u.is  their 
lat;'(  nuisctiiar  develoimunt,  ,t;ivini,'  a  lleshv  carcass.  The 
ham  was  well  develoi>eil.  Inn.  in  many  cases,  it  carried 
too  much  fat  and  re(|uired  consiilerahle  trimminj;.  The 
ni.iin  faults  were  the  shortness  of  side  and  heavv  shoulder 
and  neck,  with  the  fat  nuniin!,'  very  thick  over  the  shoulder 
top.  There  was,  moreover,  .1  ni.irked  lack  of  nniformifv 
in  the  Berkshire  carcasses,  soiue  of  them  makintj  vcrv  ^jond 
Wiltshire  siiles,  while  others  were  cntirelv  unsuitahk.  The 
Yorkshire  carcasses,  on  the  other  h.md,  were  speciallv  notetl 
for  their  uniformity. 

The  Chester  White,  Poland  China,  and  Duro-  Jersey 
carcasses  were  very  similar  in  character.  Occas.onally  a 
pood  Wiltshire  side  w.is  found  amontjf  them,  hut  it  was  a 
noteworthy  exception.  Shortness  of  side,  a  snpcral)undancc 
of  fat.  and  a  kick  of  lean  meat,  were  generally  characteristic 
of  the  L;Toup.  While  these  hrieiU  are  enu'nentlv  well 
adajited  to  the  ])roduction  of  the  lard  hol,^  tliev  are  entirelv 
unsuit.ihlc  for  the  v'.iu.idiau  export  trade. 

In  the  Iowa  e\()erimcnts.  the  hoi^'s  were  not  compared  on 
the  hasis  of  suitahility  for  making'  Wiltshire  '  -s.  From  the 
report  np(^n  the  caicasses,  it  is  evident  that  the  hops  were 
fattened  to  a  tmich  hipher  depree  than  would  he  <!csimhlc 
for  the   Canadian  evnnrt  tr.-irle.   nnd   (•<-.fic(.n!!ent!v  the   Town 


'n 


I 


mmW':3i^SS?^'^i^9gSWfpS: 


I'm^ 


32 


lllll;l  lis    (IK     .-.WINK 


I' 


market    reports   aflford   no  basis    for   comparison   with  the 
Ontario  results. 

I'.RITISH  I'.RI'HDS  OK  SWIXK. 

In  i')04  only  five  hreciN  of  ■^wine  were  pivcn  classes  at 
the  l<()\al  Agricultural  Society's  show  in  l*",ti^;lan(l.  These 
hreeds  were  the  I.arf^'c  White,  the  .Miildle  White,  the  i'.erk- 
shirc,  the  Tanuvorth.  and  the  I.ar>,'e  I'.lack  I'ij,'.  The  breeds 
droppeil  from  the  prize  list  were  the  Small  White  and  the 
Small  i'llack.  This  fact  indicates  that  the  small  hreeds  are 
losiiip  pojinlarity. 

In  the  inijirovement  of  i'ritish  breeds  of  swine,  Chinese 
and  \eaj>olitan  swine  were  used  ([uite  extensively  during;  the 
early  part  of  the  past  century.  The  former,  as  the  name 
imlicates,  cominp  from  China,  ami  the  latter  from  Italy. 
Hoth  these  breeds  were  small  an<l  fme-boned,  and  possessed 
a  marked  tcinlency  to  fatten,  and  hence  were  well  adapted  to 
modify  the  Iar;,'e,  coarse-boned,  late  maturinjj;  pij^'s  whiih 
existed  in  I'.ritain  at  that  time. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE. 

The  I.arpc  White  breed  of  Great  T.ritain  is  known  in 
Canada  and  tlie  I'nited  States  as  the  Lar^re  'N'orksliire,  or 
Improved  I.artrc  Yorkshire.  The  orii^inal  Large  White 
piij  was  extremely  lar<:e  and  coarse,  but  the  type  has  been 
considerably  modified  by  selection,  and  possibly  by  the 
judicious  use  of  other  blood.  Owintr  to  the  inii)rovcmcnt 
elTecteil  in  the  breed,  the  term  "improved"  is  commonly 
inserted  in  the  name. 

I.arj^'t  Yorkshires  occupy  a  prominent  place  in  Great 
r.ritain,  where  they  are  ret^arded  as  the  leading,'  bacon  pro- 
ducing breed.  In  Denmark,  they  are  used  exclusively  for 
crossing  on  the  sows  common  to  the  countrv .  and  the  very 
finest  bacon  brought  into  I'.iigland  comes  from  this  cross. 
In  Canafla.  thev  are  more  numerous  than  any  other  breed, 
and  thev  are  being  imported  into  the  I'nited  States  in  l.irge 


11 


»Lrii'«K2^^"-^n_T^  jiHXMsrm.V-C::' 


\<.. 


\.pi 


I    >ii..„.    I'li.-,      r.i..i   i.v    ih, 

llni.  --.  .ir.l  Ih.  Ml...  -  I.  |.  Ill 
,>hi,li  I-  -II. .nv!  ir,\  ,  I,  ,v  ■  ■ 
V-.     1;.  .kli  Mn-1,  .!.     i;ni.lni.|> 


I,..  ,!.  !!    1   ,   1      . 

|-  III         I       I.IIim: 
I     1. 1     llu-    li.Mi  . 


!     !     MM        ii     \\.       I.lli:!].    , 
\.li       Ih,       !.  iikJili.     III.' 

!    1 '-I,   1,1     .iM.llllV     .'I 

I   -11!     ->      W   .:•       1    'i      .\ 


II 


II: 


I  ,i^'.  W  \y.u  I  I.. re.  \  ..ik-iiii. 
,1  111,  l'ni:li-li  l;..\,il  Sliiu,,  I'll!-. 
I-  1,1  1  ■.l.ili.hiir  «.  II  I  ill  i.i.iin. 
,,i,il    ,11.,    .,11,1,      ,..    .  I.  ,11!    ni    III.     111. 

\\  1,1    Ti  ,.;.. ,   ,\    \.  I'll.  ..-.  i:.  il'i  •■' 


.      :■   IMI,    I      ,    I      l.t-l      v.  ■■•      .11    .:      .■|l,l!!Mi|.ill-lll]| 

.1  In  Ih.   i:.iii  .-f  i:ni  -m.  i.-,    'i  tii-  ^.nv 

,    ii,  I     ,,    lilll,      .■,,  ,,U    III    li.  I     iiil'.l    f  .-!.  ■11-. 

il -.     !.  .!     .1.  .    .         n -V 

li.i-',iii!    I 


,1,  .1  I,     i;  I,, 


1      W   ■    ■       I    -...,M   .      .\      \,   ,.!:,   ,.,,      r.,  ,kl,  ,i!i,!,  ,1, 


!     ^ 


r,i.  .1  1     HI     A      .11: 


IM:ll,ll..l      Iv      Clui 


1...  ,■ ,     1', ,  ;  I 


III'       l.rtli^li      l< 

.r.. ....  -v  w  „■ 


.tiMpiiin-hip    at 


^^■■■■^■riK   1 

^^^^^^^^HHBi^Hft  .-< 

fp^Hmnvi 

=^ — 

^^R! 

'j»^7™ 

^^IHk 

^^^^^^^^^^■■■■Haai^^  1 

iiii^Ml 

^^^^^^^^B  -x'   -.  •             T                                 »ir    .    '  ;*s    •'1-1  - 

^^^^^^Sb^S^S 

. •^>^^  "  *-''??'"^~^T^^^^^^^^^^^^B 

IP 

i 


i 


\l\ 


\  .  .,ih..i:     I-  :i,-lMi.      -..■■  .     .■      I I.!.. 

M'-  n'M'l-'".    '  '111.        1  111-    -!■»     1'  !■'■  -I  I'l-    111 


„i         l;,,.!     \.:     Win       UiU 
nutiiy    J\i.i'    .■!    r.LtU-hiic. 


>  ,1     >],.■....     I I.^lill.il.  ,1     l.\      Ml     (,i!Im  111. 


ii.i|.i..!  -iii|i    .11    III.     I>.l:1i~Ii 
I!,    Hilt       a .-V    \\u- 


Mi.ii'.     W  ',  ..     ...       ■;.•..    ,.1    ..    ■ 

I      1..I....  .1     I,.      -..      1  ..i|.,  .1     I  ,..,,.  ,1!       !■ 

II,.      ,::.:-I,    ,-,.  •..    ..It    l!,.       I.,,-,     I...1  - 


K.  ..   il     ^l-...,v.     I' 


11.    lii,     Ml. Ml,    W  1,11.    n|., 
I;,  .u.  .II.-'.  .1.   i.i  L-  ■ 


■vii_  -i.aar«-,'»\*K»-^aHK3»ivi'3P»it.  jmu^m 


■vir.-j"*."#ic^ 


■uofcTJii'r 


\      \.  I'll,  u  -       1:.  ■I,|,,,ii-t.     I,      I    ■  t    1 


M ■       I 

V         1     W  r:      I 


I   .m!m1.  .1    I,.    !■    .,      |i 

li    I  :.t..l      I  1^    , 


'II'  <!•         'i  ■■•p  i.->     W  ■,       I     ,  ,|„  ,     .\     \,  |.h,    ,  .      11,  ,1^ 


1,  ,nw,,,l.    I',!^,   . 


V  Ml    ,    ■    1       ■    I       '    I  -I      ]■■ 

h       I'.      V...:,,.  ,i,  ,,    , 


..'    li..-    i;.iL:'i-h    l;.  V  ,1    M,,.,,.    I'l.r, 
-V   \\  IP.   I  ■  .,1,,  ,    X    \,  pli,  ns,    I;,  rk 


^  'TUBawmt 


i 


Vi;'  ■!    III.  -1.  I    \\  Im,    1,    .1  .    ■  |i,  vi,  I,  '     .  ,1  .  .         I 
f    (  Unci    "-Lil.      r  ,n  ,     I'l.i  ,        r  i„  ,„  .|    1,^    \\        1      i   !;,  ,, 
I'-.f     <■      ^      l'l,,r  I.     l-,,| I. II-.    I  III  .    . 


\.  n.,.    11 


MniK     111-! 
n'  .  111.  -y 


'M 


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'  'I'l  ■    "-I  .1.      I    ..  ,     I \    i 

I  »    I  ■!     Kl.  ..  s    M    .i  ,  .      I;'     .. 
1     i  .,..1,...    1  ■■ 


1  •■     '-        I'.   '  It  1  It.   1  .  in 

I      .       ,  ,   j   .,   ,,     ,1      ,,,l,    t   ,     ,  , 
.   ll.  ..>       IM,.-  ,1,,.,,.,  ,v 


.  r      .1      1,-1     ,.,i/,      ,,l 
l.'l     •r,.!.H  11.1... I 

I'l     1      I         -■       |!..l.,l, 


..(NATIONAL  .^V. 


-•.-^y:,! 


»>'v  ri 


\ 


I  Ifi.    I'll   >.1.|     II'.^     .    I.  ...  ,     I  ..,,  M  .r,  I I  ....,•,  1  ,  , 

""  "  ■"    I'M/1-,     .11.1    ..•.Hill. I    .1    ,li.,l,.     ,|n,,tl..n    .1    th.     I.ri..|        li.,,,,,|    l.v     \\   ,,,    s, 
l.riHl.     \,  1,1.,.    1  11,1.  ,l.„,il,.>     |'i,,t      t        ^       I'l.ltiil,.    I  ..|.,i,,fi',        111,,,,, 


^■  .tl.t.i:    II......    I, 


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'>...,!   I..     \\   ,,1    ,\    I ,      \,,,,,.    Illii..        ,i..,,,i,,x     |'..,|     I      -,     I'!, ,,;,!,,    (,,,1 


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r^HL^ 


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-fcm^ 


lir  I  1."    "I     .  v<  I     1 


l.iti;i  -1    liiiil-   .  1    .«iiii         I  h' \    v.ii'.    I 'tii<ti,lrralil\    111   tN)ic, 

,11. 1      I     f(.|llil<   .     -kill    ill    ^1    ..tiiiti    t"    litml    llu-lil    .'I     ilMil.inii 

li.if.uicr       When   iiiirlliui  litis    ^rti.icl,  iliev    .ir<    j.i  •tVat'li' 

l.lijit^.      i;i"''<%illU       LlpI'Mv.       .lMi|       lu  .  .iHIIII;,-       r<.l.!  I'.l       ih.' 

I'.i  'f  ;il  .III  c.itN    .ii;r        \>  |ir>s  i.ui^h    iiii(i.|,  llii\   .Iff  urli 
i|.i|>ti.|  tn  pkmIihc  !i,i»..ii    f.,|-  ilu-    I  ii(,'li^h   m.irkcl,   ,1"-  tlify 
I'liriu^li   a   Ii'iii;   -iilf.   ,iii.|   ,1   i;'""!   |>ri.|"iith.ii  i.l    li   hi   t"   t.it. 
Til.  \    .in'   II  .1^'iimIpI',    li,ii>l'    .111'!   VI  I'.    priilitH        i  •   m.ri' 

l!l,lll    I't'lilliriK     pit  |iii|i  111.    till  \     ,itr    isi  r|i|  .  ill.ilh     v;ili|.llilr 
I'  If  tr  i-^iii.,'  nil  tlu'  f.itH  r  txpii  ■'!  ii  it;><.  ijivmj,'  t'>  t!i<'  pf'it;- 
.in     ,,Mi'.itrr   1iiil:iIi   -iii'l    l<  --    ttii.l<nr\    t..   i'v..«^i\r    t.itiii  >> 
■'lifv    arc    r.iilur    httttr    .nl.iti.I    tn    i>iii    t 'luij;    tli.iii    ».> 

iTi/illi^' 

HinU    oa   Selection.        I-iiK».   ^''•rk^lllr- -  v.irv  rmi-iiilri- 

.;).!\  HI  l\|u'  .ill'l  ■.•iiicr.il  .|ti,ililii  »  Till'  ^'Miir  111  I  f.i^hi  .llfil 
Mr,iiii>     t'ri-i|iiciii'-      ].i,v^c»»t-,|    iviiinii'lv     -li  irt      tuttu''!Mii 

t1"ltt>',    Willi    t!u'     l"\\rr     !.IU     pr. '11  >  tint;    |.r>.ii|'l    tin-     llpl'IT 
W  llllo  It  Ml  I  \'  l; I  III  ■■.•'  ]  I, ,»«,-..«;  I  ill,  pc.  Il|i;n  iH  ,  It  1^  t"i>  .    ■'!!- 

inniilv  .T^^iicialfil  \\illi  \cr\  iin.Ir^ir.il.lr  iiualitii--.  t"  .|r«ir\r 
popiil.intv.  Aiiiiii.iN  with  tir-  pi'i  nli.iruv  ■.(  vti,,it!  Mfi,ii 
lia\<'  a  lu  n\  y  jnwl,  ihhK,  aii'i  -It.  iiiLJiT,  a  ^li-irt  ^!'li,  ,m,'1  a 
•;rtl<'l'.il  Lu  k  111  ipialit  V  Tiii'ii  ilufi'  i^aii-'tliii  i  \tri  mh' ■  the 
I.  -ir,',  '.I  ra  w  n\  urik.  iiai  t"\\  i  in  M  ,  I.  'Iil;.  i  "at-'  1..  .n.  !,  piil,  \ 
I(;,'s,  aii.l  l)n'-ll\  (iiat  'l"lii-  t'pf  i-  im-m  •.•■,.•,-  ,.!.:.  t|..ii,i'  ',• 
lli;m  the  i.tlicr.  llnj.;'^  <>l  lln^  lM'<'  fri 'pii  iit!\  liivc  ^'".l 
Inij^'tii,  but  ilic\  arc  imt  a  t;iK"i  liac'Hi  I'.pi-.  ln'iaii^c  tlicv  la.  I; 
(inaillv,  wiiull  IS  i-'-sciilia'  !•>  tllr  pr"|>uti..!i  •■•'  tltc  lit 
li.u'nii.  Tllcx  arc  aKi)  iianl  Iiciiir-,  ami  a  ':.'im1  Imimu  Ii.  ,j^ 
i-  an  (•(  11111)11111'. il  ]ir(H|iucr  I'lat  •ciu-^  h  nmri-  nhiri  I  !• 'u- 
.ililc  ill  tlic  si,\v  tliaii  m  liic  t'.iai\  l"it  i  .arc  imist  !.c  t.ikr  i  not 


Irniiu;.  tint  sin,!!!,!  lie  \ir-    .lean  cut  m  appi'ai.inc.-.  .in  I  tlic 
!cj,'s   vti.itiM   Ik-  (if  iiiih    nu-iliiitn   !cii},'lli.      In   a.liiti"ii   I'l  the 

ij, ;,)..-.      !    :::!,;!!       (f.:       :•.:      .::::       lui.ir     i-''     h:::::!l     h;:-:-:!        ill:-      !     ;;!.•:■ 

\  .  .iis.vlin  ,.  ).,i,ii-     n.inl.j  p..v^(.v^  .1  larL;c  cat.  •ni'l  !i.m\\    Imnr, 


*1 


.Tl 


r.KP  I  n-    >>i     >vv  I  \  I 


'■  i 


t     I 
II  (    » 


f  J 


I 


:i 


'.'•I  !I.l;1i  llic  Im.iic  -Ii.mM  l.c  iIimii.  aw\  -\\r  r\hli:;rr  .  i 
slrfii,-tli  and  (|tKiIilv  cninlMiUMl.  A  l.aii;r  \  .  .rlv -Iprc  !  ..:i 
witli  liylit  l>..m'  and  a  In  ad  n^i'inMiiii^'  iliat  ,.(  a  I'.nk^liir.', 
will  scldtim  |.n.\f  a  Natist\n-ti.r\  >.ii,'.  |;iacl,  liaii  .'ii  a  Lar-r 
N'ork^liirt-  -.li.Mild  di^<|nalih.  I'.Iii.'  mi-  l,!.i.k  -]-..|s  ,  ,n  il^. 
>km  arc  ..IiicctiMPaMc.  Init  an-  .liU'uiili  t,>  av.iid.  an<l  the  aim 
mii-t  lie  I.I  reduce  ilicm  |,i  a  iiiiniitniiii. 

TAMWOHTH. 

'iliis  lari^'C.  n-cfiil  I.rec<I  derives  if-  tiamc  fr.  mi  TatnwMrtli 
in  SlalTurdsIiirc.  I'.ii-laiid.  It  is  re.L;ardcd  by  tmiiv  a^;  mic 
"f  the  ..Ide-t  and  piin-vt  breeds  in  -reat  Mritain.  Tamwortlis 
are  .|iiile  iiuniennis  in  Canada,  tlmu-li  tlie\  are  n^.l  i|uite  m, 
pMl'ii'^T  .IS  tlu  Ndrksliires  and  l',crk-':''-,s.  TIicn  arc  also 
l)re.!  to  a  coiisiderah'e  cMtnt  in  llic  I'Lad  States,  hut  it  is 
dirtk-nlt  t..  say  just  |i,.w  tar  tlifir  i».ptilaril\  n-  .xton.!  in 
tliat  C'tnilrv.  Their  Imhj^^  sncmt  is  apt  |..  prcii;.!,  t  the  a\tr- 
.T.;c  fanner  a-ainst  tlicni  at  first  sj^ht.  hm  a  -lane.'  over  tin 
results  ,,f  lecdin-  experiments  will  sli,,u  that  tlie\  li.iKI  their 
<«wii  with  i.iher  hreeds  in  the  feed  Int. 

Characteristics.  Tamwurths  arc  well  adapted  to  the 
pr..d,icti..n  Ml'  <\p..rt  hacn.  'rii..i,-h  the\  h.avc  a  Inni,' 
su'iit.  the  jMwl  is  li;;hi.  makin-  the  hea.I  lij^hter  th.in  th.it 
el  an\  mhcr  hrecd.  'IMu-  neck  aN.,  i,  !io|,t.  .-.nd  the  •  h  inlder, 
as  a  rule.  -  li-ht  and  sin.i..th.  'l"li<'\  .iKo  h.avc  lir  len-lh  ol' 
side,  and  ilieir  c.irctsN  (.•.■nlains  .1  l.ir-.  pnipnriiMn  ,,f  Kan  t^; 
fat.  'Idie\  are  qintc  hard;,,  .ind  the  snw-,  are  pinlil'ir.  'I'iir\ 
aic  inclmc.l  1,,  he  dcfecti\c  in  lire  h.im.  .and  dn  Uf ,[  pM.^oss 
■piile  the  leii-th  c,f  side  .  .r  the  stnii-iji  ..f  l,,,,,,.  ,,|  th,>  N',,rk- 
'diire.  'I'iie\  arc  <|n;tt'  c\l<-nsi\el\  n-cd  f.  ir  u-m-sJui.;  1  nr- 
p'l-es,  the  cross  hctween  the  T.itiiwi.rth  .-infl  I'.crksliire  I.<mi.' 
'imlc  pnptilar  in  (  )nt.ari...  ('„,Men  red  i-  the  s,,,,,,!,,,-,!  color, 
thMiit;h  <Iark  chestmit  is  frcMUcnlls  I'.umd.  espcciallv  in 
older  animals,  |;l;ick  sp,,ts  m  In.th  hair  ami  skin  (|nite  fre- 
qnentlv  occur,  thnuoh  tlie\  are  (omiuciI  very  serious  ol.jec- 
ti'  ins. 


HIM   I   |i»    III      nV\  I  \1 


:i:, 


f 


Hints  on  Selection.  I'.ch.k  ;,  l,.u-,,„  i„..ol,  of  miir^e. 
'•io.M  i>,,..  „,„.,  ,.,iu;ns  |„.  k,|.|  i.n.ini.u.niK  in  view  in 
<l>-tin^'  this  |,r,v.|.  Th..,,^!,  :,  l,J,t  ,,,«I  is  ,,„,,„|,,r  with 
ll"'  l..-..k.i.  ,1  ,..  u^-n  „,  n-t,K'inl.,T  tl.at  a  v.tv  t.arrosv  jowl 
i>  liv.nui.th  a>^M,•iaU•,l  uith  la.l:  ..f  o.iistiiiiti.m.  ami  a  little 
HH.rr  u..|,I,  .,,-  j,„,i  ,|,;,„  j,  „,„,,|,^.  f,„„,^,  .^^  j,^^,  Tamworth 
•>v-hM  ),■  ratiuT  f.  tlu^  :uU,m.v^v  .,f  tlif  l.rrr.l.  Stron-th 
•""I  '-"..liuss  1,1  |,i,„,,  ,,„.!  ,-„|,,.r  .|,.vvl, ,,„„,.,„  ,,f  \^,„,^ 
slin.iM  r..,iv,-  viH-cial  altf.iii,.n  in  this  l,r,o|.  ;„„i  ,-,„  r.lort 
sh.aiM  W  nia.k-  to  lnK;t!un  il,r  .i,k.  uitl„,„t  losi,,^,  Mr,  if;tl, 

of  io||>|itiitioil. 

BERKSHIRE. 

r.erks!,i,,.s.  M.  iia:,:,..l  alur  tlic  cmnty  .,r  sliire  of  Horks, 
in  I'.n.ulaii.!.  nw  nuv  nf  thr  mom  « i.k-!v\|,st,ilnitr.l  an.!  best 
knoun  of  tlu.  l,r,.,.,!.  ,,,-  .,,,„,,  yIicv  ar.^  wi.ldx  I.ro!  in 
(.nat  I'.iitain.  an, I  aiv  v.-iy  imiiurous  »,  t\iMa.!a  an.l  the 
''"'""'  ^'■"^•^-  'i'l'>'^  ••''--  tiiHl  a  pla.-c-  in  n.anv  other 
i-onntru's.  an.l  -cvm  to  ntain  popujaritv  to  a  niarki-.l  .1,-roe 
ulur.v.r  tluv  .  tv  kii..\vii.  It  i^  dainml  1,\  .,,„h-  tliat^'thc 
iUrkshirt-  is  .Us.in.kd  ipmi  the  same  anrestiy  a<  the  Tam- 
u-rth.  Improvement  was  nia.le  l.y  n^iii^  Chinese  blood, 
•  in. I  imiliaMy  Siamese  an.l   N'eajx.litan  as  will. 

Ch-racteristics.  lUrk^hircs  are  a  liardv.  easv-fee.iing, 
nn.l  fairly  prolif-.e  I.ree.l.  A  lendenev  on  the  part  ..f  s„n.e 
l-Ke.krs  to  hriol  thetn  extrenulv  ("me,  ha-  re.luee.l  iheir 
feeiin.lit.v  in  man\  instances.  .\s  l.re-l  in  C'ana.la,  thev  may 
he  elassc!  as  interme-lial-'  l.etueen  the  haeoii  an.l  lanl  tvpes; 
thon-h.  as  a  nile.  they  are  nearer  the  latter.  In  the  I'nife.l 
States,  hf.wever.  they  are  hn-.l  strietlv  to  the  lanl  type,  and 
.isnally  nm  smalkr  in  si/o  an.l  Ciner  in  hone  than  tlie  Cana- 
'lian  rei!resi-ntati\es  ,,f  the  I.ree.l.  I'or  haeon  pro.hieti.in, 
th-v  are  i^reailv  improve.I  hy  crossing  with  the  ^■orkshi^e  oi^ 
Tamwoith.  Tluv  are  n.>t  so  lar-e  as  the  Yorkshire  or 
Tamw..nh,  hut  attain  heaw  wci.u'hts  when  seleete.l  with  a 
view  t.)  maintain   size.     The  staii.lard  color  i.«  blaek,   with 

^'    '"'<'    ""     '"'■     ''•l'"<'-    •'l"d    fp    "f    ta-'l.    -nv!    n!-l-.Tc.;:!t.;d 


»J 


.1.. 


<n 


36 


i. 


I '   • 


, 


anil.     Canadian   lin-nliT^.  i^u   tin-   wlinlc.   arc  a   littK'  more 
liberal  tliaii  Aimriian  liredltrv  willi  nj^anl  to  luarkinijs. 

Hints  on  Selection.  A^  before  nntnl,  tlnTe  i>i  a  cnu'-iil- 
crable  variatiop  in  llie  type  of  I'.erksiiires.  In  Canada,  there 
would  seem  to  be  f;"od  reason  to  select  towards  tlie  bacon 
t>pe,  redneiii'j:  tbe  jowl.  neik.  slionlder.  and  width  of  back, 
and  ainiiiut  to  stren^tben  tiie  bone  ,ind  lenj^liien  the  sicic 
witbor*  lo>in,L;  con-titntion  anil  (|nality.  b'.ven  wben- 
tbe  I'.erksbire  is  to  be  nse<l  for  crossing  with  the  ^'orkshire 
and  Tamworth.  it  is  all  the  better  to  possess  t,'ood  lentjth. 
and  '•tron-;  1m me.  .\nieriean  breeders  are  rnniiin^  to  tbe 
tstreire.  in  iii.-my  ea^es.  with  rej;ard  to  fineness,  and  have 
reduced  the  size  and  lessened  the  ;L:eneral  utility  of  the  breed 
It  is  much  easier  to  produce  ipialitv  in  a  small  animal  than 
in  a  larjje  one.  .uid  the  highest  skill  is  shown  b\  the  breeder 
who  can  maintain  both  si/e  and  quality.  Some  I'crkshire 
lireeders  a-e  .itt.iinini.:;  this  end,  .and  it  would  iii.ike  for  the 
best  interests  of  tbe  breed  if  all  its  admirers  apjireciated  the 
importance  of  size. 

MIDDLE  WHITE. 

The  Middle  White,  or  Medium  Yorkshire,  is  almost 
Vinknovvn  in  C.itiad.i  ;ind  tbe  I'niteil  States.  It  is  supi>oscd 
to  have  origin.'ited  from  a  combination  of  the  blor/d  of  the 
I.artre  and  Sm.il!  Whites.  Manx  of  the  bree<lers  of  the 
I.ar.ce  Whites  in  I'.npland  also  breed  the  Middle  White,  and 
there  is  little  doubt  tb.it  "ian>  jiit^s  brou;;ht  to  this  si<lc  of 
the  .Atlantic  and  called  I.ari^e  ^*orkshires,  possess  more  or 
less  of  tbe  blood  of  tbe  Medium  breed.  If  Middle  White 
bl'id.l  b;is  lu'iii  receiitK  introibu'eil.  boars  of  this  breeding; 
are  apt  to  be  verv  tms.iiisfaetor\  sires,  .md  hence  it  is 
iniport,int.  in  -.elrctiii!.:  a  I..iri;e  ^'ork•.hirl•  boar,  to  >ee  lb.it 
he  is  true  to  tbe  l.arLre  W  bite  \\\>c  and  shows  no  evidence  of 
Middle   While  cbaract.  ri-tics. 

Characteristics.  I  be   Middle   White   is   more  of  the 

lU-rksbire  t\pe   than   of   the    I.artje   White,   havinj?  shorter 

tn.iii*     1w-i\iir    ii.wl     lliiilvi-r   nick    .niil   lioilv     nnil    finer  bone 


i:l:i  I  ii»   Ml     -.«  i  M  37 

iiiaii  the  latter.     Ft  is  sianily  likely  to  ever  occupy  a  proiu- 
iiu.it  |)lacc  oil  tliij.  lontiiHiit. 

LARGE  BLACK  PIG. 

'riiv  I.ar;;,'c  I'.lacks  .irc  the  latent  a.l.liiioii  to  the  rcpisterefl 
|.tire  lireetls  of  swine  in  luiKiand.  Little  appears  to  he 
known  rr^'arding  tlu-ir  ori);in.  hnt  th«\  have  Iktii  l.re<l  for 
ii'any  war,,  in  the  .s;,>iith  ami  i'.ast  ,,|  i:nj;lan.l.  Tlu  \  arc 
praclicaily  unknown  .,n  thi  enntiiient.  tliMuj^l;  a  few  of  them 
were  hronyht  to  the  Central  i;x|)eriiiiental  I'arni  at  (Jltawa, 
a  few   'ears  ap). 

Characteristics.  They  are  a  larf.;e  l.rec.l.  all  hknk  in 
color.  The  ear>  are  lar^e  and  <lroopinj^',  an.l  the  pencral 
l>pe  of  the  animal  inclines  lo  coarsene>>.  in  their  native 
counties  they  are  hi^'hly  vahud  as  scaveiii^ers.  'I'l.ev  are 
a  prolific  hree.l,  and  it  is  claimed  that  tlie\  excel  as  Uacon 
liroducers.  thouKii  the  representatives  hronj^ht  to  ( )'tawa 
I'loved  very  much  inferior  to  the  ^(,rk^lme  au<l  T  uiuvorth 
in  the  matter  of  hacon  i)roiluction. 

SMALL  WHITE. 

At  one  time  there  were  numerous  strains  of  Small  White 
pi.','s  in  i:n.i,dand.  hut  they  are  now  ill  included  in  what  is 
kiioun  as  the  Small  White  hreed.  The  modern  KuKlish 
Small  Whites  arc  known  in  .\nierica  as  Small  \orkshircs. 
The  hreed  known  in  America  as  the  SulTolk  is  an  otTsluwt 
of  the  i'.nj^dish  Small  Whites,  hut  is  maintained  in  .\merica 
.is  a  distinct  hreed.  Thus,  the  American  representatives  of 
the  I-'.nj^lish  Small  Whites  are  the  Small  ^•orkshirc  and  the 
Sulfolk  in  the  pro.liiciion  of  the  Small  Whites,  it  is  (iinte 
1  eiiain  that  Chinese  hliM.d  was  larj;ely  use<l. 

Characteristics.  Small  W  hites  rejiresent  the  extreme 
t\pe  of  small,  tine-honed,  early-maturinj;,  fat  pips.  Tlicir 
lack  of  si/e  will  alwaxs  he  a  liarrier  a^Muist  their  takinfj  a 
prominen*  i)I,ice  in  ;iny  country.  thoiijj;ii  in  the  i)ast  the\  hive 
I'laved  an  import.uit  p.irt  in  the  improvement  of  .some  if  the 
I'  '.irser  hrceds. 


'  II 


1 
i  il 


I 


vkc^mBBFT; 


fl 


i 


38  iiiii  1  UN   III     -w  I  M- 

SMAI.I.  BLACKS. 
'I'liis  -imall.  all  lil.irk  Imh-.I  n-Miltcl  fn  in  cr<issin>;  thr 
.\eai)<>litaii  upon  tlir  nrij^jinal  I'".sm-x  l)ri'i-i|.  1  lu'v  arr  nut 
ijinf  so  niiincnms  in  Anuriia  a>  tlic  Small  Wliiti's,  am!  are 
Known  a^  inii-rovtil  l".--t\  >\\nK'.  'I'iiiv  arc  n^i'il  to  a  i'  in- 
.•>iikraltk-  rxtent  in  the  Sontliorn  States  for  iTossini;  on  the 
native  "ra/or  hack." 

Characteristics.  Thuuyli  l".s>c\  swine  arc  of  tlic  same 
(..'cncral  t\iic  as  the  Small  Whites.  mo<lern  hrceilers  are 
lUakin^,'  an  effort  to  secnre  more  hone.  (,'reatiT  leiv^th  and 
larj,'cr  size  than  is  nsualh  fotnul  anmn^'  the  Small  Whites. 
Some  hrceilers  are  achicvinj^  omsiilcrahle  success  aloni;  this 
Hue,  and  it  is  i|uite  prohahlc  tliat  a  few  more  years  will 
witness  a  markeil  chanjjc  in  the  .\merican  type  of  Small 
I '.lack,  or   I'.sscx  s\vin»". 

\mi:rk'\\  p.Ri'.i'.ns. 

The  I'niteil  States  ilcser\es  creilit  for  oripiinlinp  ami 
iinprox  III.;  ,1  con-i  Icrahle  inmiher  of  hreeds  of  swine,  several 
..f  which  h.ive  .itl.iineil  j^rcat  prominence  in  that  country. 
As  woiiM  uainr.ilK  he  expectdl.  thcsi>  hrceds  have  h.en 
ill  vclopcil  alont:  the  line  i  ^  pioilncint:  the  fat  ho..,.',  in  which 
industry  the  I 'niicd  St.itis  UaiK  the  world. 
CHESTER  WHITE. 

Tiiis  popiil.ir  hrccd  originated  in  Chester  county,  IVnnsyl- 
v.itii.i.  It  is  coutUed  .imonLT  the  oldest  oi  the  .\mencan 
hreeiN.  and  h.is  for  its  jiroj^cnitors  several  of  the  white 
varieties  of  pi^s  oriiriinllv  imjuirted  from  I'.iii.dand.  l'>\ 
iiitelli.yeiit  m.itiiii;  .ind  sclcctioti.  the  present  t\pc  has  hcen 
iMihtd.  The  hreed  is  widely  distrihuted  over  the  I'tiited 
Slates,  and  Is  l.red  to  ;i  limited  rxtent  in  fai.ada.  It  has 
in.idc  little  progress,  however,  in  die  laltei  coimtrv  diirinix 
lite  '.ear-. 

Characteristics.         Chester  W  hites  are  amon<j  the  larirest 
III  till-  hncds  ..|  Americ.in  ori(.;in.      I'.v  careful  selection  they 

1 ,...!..    I,,    -n.i.v. ,  i,-1i    tlw    1iie..ii    t\>ii'      .-mil    llii'\     iriK-. 


mil  I  li-  ii:     -v>  I  M  119 

vtTv  will  \vitli  till'  ^l>lk-llirt  .iml  'I'.itiuvnrtli.  'I'luv  aic 
aiutliiti};  l>iil  ;i  liaiciii  lirccil,  liiwcvtr,  ilmn^li  llif  tuiU-r 
riass  (if  tluTi  aro  ratlicr  lii;litir  in  tin  jnwl  ami  1miij;it  in 
llif  ^\iU-  llian  llu-  average  Anuiiian  hrinl.  Tin  y  possos  a 
<IriMii)in^;  car.  winili,  llii>ii;^li  <>f  lair  vi/o.  >lii>uM  U'>1  In- 
i-oarsi-.  Nil  Mark  liair  i^  a<lnii>"'aMc,  Iml  lilnc  ■>]>iii<i  in  tlii' 
skill  an-  ciiinnion.  'I'Ium-  liliu  -pdls  inn^titiitc  an  uliji'i-tiDii, 
Iiiit    iln   \\i>i    inilicatf    imptirily. 

POLAND-CHINA. 

'I'lic  ri.land-CIiina  nritrinatcil  in  the  Statt-  i>(  Ohio.  Tin- 
funm'ati'in  -tntk  r<in>.i>-li'il  of  )iii,'s  of  ini\fil  lirctMliui,'  i-oin- 
inon  in  tli»'  slati'.  upon  wliiili  win-  iro-;sf(l  tlu'  I'iir  *.'l>in;i<. 
tlu-  Knssia  ami  tlu-  r.Miclil.  Snli>ici|tu>ntl\ ,  IVrksliiiv  ami 
Irish  Cra/iir  liIoo<|  was  nsi'il.  Imt  it  is  dainn'il  that  no  oiit- 
crosscs  havi-  lu-rn  niaiU-  sinco  1S45.  rolaml-Chims  arc 
fxtrcnu'lv  i)opn1ar  in  the  Tniti-il  States,  ami  an-  very 
exti-nsivih  fiil  in  the  com  ht-lt.  A  few  are  hreil  in  C'anaila. 
hut.  if  anvthini,',  the  hrc-e<l  has  lost  ijroniid  in  Canada  of  kite 
vt-afi.  owinj^j  to  its  unsuitahility  for  the  Cinadi.in  export 
trade 

Characteristics.  The  hest  representatives  of  the  Pol- 
aud-t'hiua  hreeil  may  he  elassed  :is  almost  the  ideal  lard 
type.  Thev  are  ralhci  short  hodied.  imt  vi  r\  thiek  and 
sinootli.  In  the  elTort  to  seitire  quality,  some  hree<lers  h.ive 
tmdulv  redmcd  the  l>om-  and  si/o  of  the  hreed.  In  some 
cases,  the  ilTort  to  stcnre  tineiiess  has  resulted  uo*  merel> 
in  the  loss  ,if  .-i/f,  hut  .iKo  in  reduci'd  fecimdit\.  It  is 
(|uite  proh.-ihle  that  the  a!m.i-t  exclusive  use  of  corn  as  a 
ration  has  .iKo  h.id  ;iu  iulhuiice  in  hrini^iuc;  :ihout  this  result. 
I'ortunaIeK  .  the  hest  hreider-  realize  the  d.iiiLU'r  of  i.:oini.j  to 
fxtniue'  in  the  matter  of  fiueiu  >s.  ami  there  is  little  douht 
that  the  hreed  will  continue  to  ]k-  ..ue  1'"  the  most  popular 
in  the  I'nitcd  St:ites.  \  icw  vears  ,1-  .,  it  was  quite  common 
to  see  .auimals  of  this  hreed    fveelv    sp, ,tted     with   white.       \t 

*1 ,.  ...1*      1i.  .<!  ..I  ..I-      I'. .1-1    ^lilr.'    ii)-ifl  tint^    -It-.'    ill.'    nut^t    t'«»n- 


,*- 


'If 

if 


'■■^iyw''v-"'rraBi''TMrffyr'Tiing^'"r7TrfWf-TTirr-nr"^''T-fr  'wmt  ''-•n"'"fi--  v 


40 


IIIU   »   UK      4>|         KHI.NK 


I 
I 

I. 
k 


*» 


iilar,   iliniiKli   a    few    s|,„ts  ,<i   white  on  the  IhhIv    .-.re  not 
objcitionalilc. 

DUROCJERSEY. 

DunK-Jerscy  swine  resnitc.l  from  the  union  of  the  [funics 
of  New  ^'..rk  State  and  the  Jerseys,  or  jersey  Ke.ls, 
"f  N'ew  Jersey,  tlie  fonner  hein^  a  Jiner-lxuicd  aixl  Miialler 
lTee.l  than  the  latter.  The  origin  .>f  these  t«o  hr.e.ls  is  not 
known,  hut  they  have  heen  l)re.|  in  their  respective  states 
>iiice  early  in  the  paM  eentur>.  The  first  organization  in 
the  interests  .>f  HiiPK-Jersey  suine  was  forme.l  in  iS«.). 
The  hrced  is  widely  .tistrilnited  in  the  Inited  States,  hut 
there  are  comparatively  few  herds  in  Canada. 

Ciuracteristlcs.  It  is  ditVicidt  to  discuss  the  cliaracter- 
istics  of  DuriH-Jerseys,  l)ecause  there  is  considerable  varia- 
tion in  type.  IVofessor  Shaw  descrilH-s  them  as  "not  quite 
cfjual  to  the  I'.erkshire  or  I'olan.l-China  in  size."  In  some 
henls.  however,  we  f^n.l  them  rather  lartrer  than  the  Berk- 
shire and  F'oland-China  as  ordinarily  bred,  and  noticeably 
heavier  in  the  Inme.  In  some  districts  they  are  hi^hiv  es- 
teemed  for  crossing  with  the  I'oland-China  and  some  other 
fat  breeds  for  the  prinluction  of  fat  hogs.  \\y  their  ad- 
mirers. Duroc-Jerseys  are  claimed  to  lie  more  prolific  than 
other  .\nierican  breeds 

HAMPSHIRE  (Thin   Rind). 

The  Hampshire,  until  recently  known  as  the  Tliin-Rind, 
is  the  latest  addition  to  the  recognizee!  pure-breeds  <.f  swine 
in  the  I'nited  States,  the  American  Thin-Rind  Record  .\sso- 
ciation  not  being  organized  until  1893.  with  al)out  a  dozen 
herds  eligible  f..r  registration,  .\cconling  to  the  Hon.  H. 
F.  Work.  Secretary  of  the  .Xss.xriation.  the  Hampshire 
traces  to  liogs  brought  from  Hampshire  in  F.ngland.  and 
hence  the  origin  of  their  present  name.  The  name  "Thin- 
Rin.l"  was  di-carde.l  and  the  name  "Hampshire"  adopted 

in  1004.       Tile  l.r I    -.c  .„>..    I....J..  ..    ..-;..:,,_,    .1  r      I-       ,       . 


Mill  t  IM    Id     >W  I  NK 


II 


I 


ami  llif  i«ri,;iiial  li<>}^'-  fnnii  wliirli  it  s|iriin^;.  wtro  takfii  tn 
Ktiitinky  from  tin-  l'.a«.Urn  Slal^■^  m  1S35.  laiiiK  a  lu-w 
briTil,  till-  Ilampsliiri-  is  imt,  a^  mI,  virv  tjeiH'rally  known, 
ami  tluTC  are  no  hrtrdi-rs  o{  Ilnni|>sliiri>  in  Canaila. 

CluracterlsdCi.  Accordinj,'  to  N'r.  Work:  •Haint)- 
sliiri's  liavr  small  lii-aJ  ears  inolinni  Icn^^th  ami  sliijhtlv  ni- 
rliiuil  forwanl.  li^lit  jowl,  liroad  I>ack  ot  iuarl\  unifori'i 
wi'Ilii.  sli},;IUlv  arclu-fl ;  heavy  hams,  stamiiiij;  very  erect  011 
feet,  witli  1>;,'S  set  well  apart,  active-  ami  mnscular,  denoting 
great  carr\invr  capacity,  and  <levoid  of  excess  of  hone,  jowl. 
and  hellv  "  .\ccordintj  to  some  of  its  a<lmirers.  the  Hamp- 
shire is  of  approved  liacon  tyjie,  hut  it  will  he  seen  that, 
with  the  exception  of  the  head,  jr>svl,  an<l  hellv.  the  descrip- 
tion ^Mvcn  aho'  ,•  is  exactly  the  op|K>site  of  uhat  is  recojruind 
as  hacon  type  in  Canada.  There  is  uo  donht,  however, 
that  the  Hampsiiire  is  a  useful  ho^j  for  the  I'niteil  States, 
heiuf;  active,  hardy,  thrifty,  and  j.rolitic.  though  the  claim 
that  thev  excel  all  other  hreeds  in  these  respects  must  he 
accepted  with  a  rocmI  deal  of  reservation.  Mr.  Work  states : 
•ju  color  they  are  either  li-<ted  or  hlacks,  the  most  fashion 
ahle  color  consisting  of  hiack  extremities  with  a  white  lull 
from  four  to  twelve  inches  wide.  tiu-irclinK  thi  IhmIv  and 
including  the  fore  lejis,  which  sh(v  1  also  he  white."  The 
term  "listed"  means  that  the  white  helt  is  present. 

VICTORIA. 

Two  hreeds  of  swine  hear  the  name  of  X'icforia.  One  of 
these  hreeds  ori^'inated  in  \ew  ^^■rk  and  the  other  in  Indi- 
ana. The  Indiana  hreeil  has  .ipparentlv  made  more  pro- 
press  than  the  other,  and  its  interests  are  looked  after  hy  an 
association.  It  is  claimed  that  four  hreeds  were  used  in 
prodncinp  the  X'ictorias.  viz..  the  I'.erkshire.  Poland-China. 
Chester  White,  and  SufTolk.  Tluv  are  not  very  widelv 
distrihnte<l.  tlioujjh  they  are  t^iven  classes  at  a  numher  o! 
state  and  cotmty   fairs.     X'erv    few  reprtsentaiives  of  tin- 

iirif:;    ::.ivp    t-.-.Ti    T.:r,-,  Tt    •• 


4^' 


H 


4t 


ItIO  >.I>H      III         MU  t  \  I 


ChAracteriiticM.  \  lclllti.l^  iii.i\  !.«•  ,.,ul  i..  IkIhh^j  to 
Ihr  .Mr.nir  ivpr  ,i|  |.,|  h,,^,  aii.l  arr  ..f  ..nl»  iiu'ihiini  M/e. 
TIkv  .uv  iisifiil  l,oj;s  for  (iTtaiii  rla>-»'s  ..f  inilc,  Imi  an-  not 
likil\  t.  iiun-as,'  ill  imiiitKrN  \»ts  maicrialh.  ..winj;  to  tliiir 
MMiU'what  liiniti'd  aila|>taliilit\ 

CHESHIRE. 

'I'lic  Clu'sliirt'  ha.l  it>  on(,'m  iii  Xcw  \  ork  Slat*-,  aii.l  wan 
fcrinol  li\  cnosiiii;  ilu>  l.arj^o  Vnrk-hirc  an.l  SiitT..lk 
upon  the  white  hojjs  in  the  l,Kahty  vNherc  they  oriK'iiiate.l. 
C'lushirex  are  hre.l  |.riiu-ipall\  m  the  I'.aMt  rii  Slates,  espeei- 
ally  ill  .\evv  Ndrk,  ami  are  not  known  in  Canaila. 

Characteriitics.  C'liciihires  also  conform  to  the  fat 
type.  They  are  of  me.hnm  si/e.  and  are  a  hanly.  vigorous 
l)ree(l.  They  appear  to  Ik-  well  adapted  to  conchtions  pre- 
vailiiip  in  the  I'astern  States,  hut  do  not  sc-ni  to  l>e  alile  to 
pnsli  themselves  mto  the  front  ranks  of  American  swmc. 


;  "I 


ri  I  AIT  IK   V. 


STA\r)\F<[is  o]-  i.\ci:i.i.i:\x'i:  and  scai.i.s  oi" 

I'OIXTS. 

Ill  tlii>  iliaptiT,  IK)  ;itt«iii|)l  liji".  Iiftii  made  tu  L;ivc  all  the 
^call's  (if  |Miiiits  wliirli  (■\i>t  for  <aili  linnil,  Imt  lan-  lia>  lum 
taken  to  scirct  iIikm-  wliiili  ^\\v  a>  rlt-ar  ati  iil»a  a*  p. is-iili]. 
of  tlio  rf«|iiirtMiuii|s  nf  the  lirfnicr-  In  ilu'  .  av'  '.f  I.arj,'i- 
^^lrk>lli^l■^  aii<l  Tainwortlis.  tlif  ilrs(ii|itiiiM>  ami  ^<  aU's  nf 
points  iiiarki-il  "<  >rij;Mial,"  rrprcxtit  tlio  mu'^  pn-firrcl  li\ 
tin-  aiitlior. 

LARGE  YORKSHIRE. 

I)<>iri|>li.ii  ;itii|   Si  ale  "f    l'"!!!!!*. 
fOri^jina!  ) 

A.  General  Appearance: 

Color     \\  Inlr.  Irii-  ir'.iii  lilnrk;  li:iir.  .!■  ■!,  ns  fat  .i>i  iimsiMr. 

Ifiii  lihii'  iir  Itlaik   h|m.|>  .mi  iIic     km  2 

Size     Well    (IiviIm|,.-(I    fc.r    at'iv      M.u.ini!    l>.'at-.    m    -Ilmv 

(.■"liililiiiii.    -Iimilil    ui'ivjti     It    liM-t    71H1   |li>  .   aiiil    iiiiliircil 

<.•!«•..    (i;()    11,,        I'l^;-.    (1    til. null'    .'111    111    »li..w    i-..|ii|iti"li. 

at   least    .'(Ml  Ills.  - 

Form     I.ctiK.  sni.ii.tli,  all  parts  [.r..]..  .11 ..  .ii,iu  !  y  iIimI.  .piil. 

sii     as     til     viivf     ilio     mijir(s.i..ii     ,i|     :,    \m-:!  !>.ilaiuol. 

Strniinlvliiiill     aniiiial       T.'p    liiu-.     sifMiv;;     inwlrr    Imr. 

sir.ii>;ti(:  Iii'llv.  trim  and  in- ii  S 

Quality      Hair,  tin.';  st^m,  s„).„,|li.  s|i.,\\,im  '    •  umldiry  t.. 

wrinkle;  Imnf,  rlc;in  ;iiii|   -Ir.-tii.'     '1.  -!i.  tniu  .mil  -ni...t1i, 

vMtli  11..  tialiliiin-ss  al    i.ixnI.  |..r.'',iik.  Im  llv.  .t  li.ini  H 

Condition     W.ll  c..v.r.-.|  «ill.  hr.      tli -!i    .-luTialy    il'ii- 

li.uk   .iiiil   I. .in.  tint   n.'t   luavily   l-a.'..!   uirli   l:it  S 

Style      \ilivr    and    spriulitlv.    ualkn'.,'    \Mlli..iit    a    -ua.Min; 

iii..\ .  in(  lit.  and  s|-|,|,|i,)i;  „ill  up  ,,n  (,„s      Sli.iild  show 

slrniij;     iliaraotcr  . 4 

B.  Head  and  Week: 

Snout      Mrdiuin   lint;lli,  straiplit.  .T  ni-arly  sn.   in.idiTatcly 
t'l  lie  1 


Face 


Miuiiliy  .ii-ii(il.   tir..:i.|   111  Ivviiii   1  \  1- 


\\  !iU'   an. 


'iniii^; 


wi'l     h  TV.  .iril 


1 1 


-  (  \  \  l»  *  "l»-   ttt     »  \i  I  I  I  ^  Nt  I 


Kyf     I  ir«.-    full    .iM'l  I.n^l.! 

Jowl     i.ii.mI    Miillti    .iikI    imi-iitl.ir  \>ui    viry    m  it     i.n..c-» 

iiiK  II. ■  ,irfiiiiHil.iti.,it  I, I   It.ililiy  |\(| 
E*r»      I  .irijr      in..il.  r  111  ly    lluii      hIiuIiiIv    hi.  Iiiii  i|     l..'w:»r(|. 

ami    (riiiU".!    Hilli    (iiir    liair 

Ntck      Mrdirin    liiiKtIi,   iiiii«.  u'.ir  I. ill    ]..^^r>^'{\tt    <■■   Im 

■  Irti.y    (i)   .irth    tin    l.i|> 

C      For«r,u.  rteri: 

Shoulders     Sin. ...III.  ...i.iru  li.il   fiiiLli.!   fr.iiii   «i.l<-  t  •  -i.|p 

I'MT    |..|l,    .111.1    v.  ry    (..input.    II-.    s.l.lir    tll..ll    \rli\.    nii'l 
n.'t    rtiiMiinH    l,,i,  I,    ..n    >,i|r    ,,,    .,,    |,,    »|i,,rt<ii    .li-t.iiiir 
l.c  t  x  I  I  n     -li.  .iil.li  r     iml     li.iiii 
Hreast     (;....,!    u..|il,    ,ni.l    full 

I-'Ofe  I  egi  Sit  «i|l  ;i|i:it|.  iiH.litiin  '.iurl!  .  .111. I  ■•'ii^flii; 
pitirii^,    ii|iri«lit;    |i..in-.    ,!, m    ;,|,,|    »iri>nK;    fc  .      n\r 

.1  uin    -i/r   .iiiil    >ii.inuly    f..r I 

I).     Body: 

Back  M.  'iiiin  NMiliIi  n-iiiK  «In{litlv  .it.ovr  llir  •I'.ii  'l 
lin.  II'  ;  fi.riniiiu  .1  m  ry  ^li«lil  ;iriM  f,  .in  nr.  k  l.>  r....I 
..f   t.i.l 

Loin  Wnlc  :i  -  r. -!  iif  li.nk,  »lr..iiir  .in. I  1  ill,  Inl  ti  t 
nti.ltily     arcli.'il 

Ribs  <;....<!  I.lllflll,  ;ir  I  III.hI,  .;||,|y  ,,.  1;,  I 
Side  I'airly  ('icp;  l.iik..  *in...||i.  .mij  Ir.iicit  liii\  rcii 
»li..iil(|ir  an. I  liani;  .1  «lr.ii«ht  nlifr  Iml  ..yir  -.iLiiil'Irr 
|..  lilt  mil  Ikuii  -I  •.iiIi|  t'liili  tin-  -iilc  lliri'iiiihoilt 
Heart  Oirtlv  I  nM  Int  n-  t  n,l,l.v  ai  f,.rf  itinkv  fillrd 
niit  ivi-n  wild  ..|r  I  .Ih.iiM.r;  tlirn-  »h..tilil  In-  n.» 
liukiil  III.  ,i|.j..  .iran.T  t  a.  V  ,,f  f,.ri'  \fiis,  nor  ilri>.t|'  liack 

i.f     .|l,  .illit.r     )..,, 

Flank     lull    ,m.!    L.n 
r.     Hind'juartert: 

Rump     S|,|,,.    «i,|i|,    ;m    li.uk.    |..ittf   ,111,1    ^lu'hi'v    r..nii.1.  d 

fi  •in  a  |..»iiil  .ll...^l•  Iiip«  t<>  till,  and  -..in-  'aIuI  r   tiiLlrd 

(r..|ii   Mile   |..   •  1,1.    ,,\rr  t"|> 
ilnm      I'lill     vMtli..ii     t!ildimc'«:    tliiuli      taiinin;    t..\\ard-> 

l!..ik   vsilli..iif  wrin'.  Ii>  nr  f.dd«.  and  .arrvinR  tlr-li  will 

i|..'\  n    t.'u  ,iril~     li    1  k 
Hind  hen?.     Mf.l'imi  :.i.i.'tli;  h..rk<  ^rf  w.  II  apart,  lint  n.-t 

I...\M  .1   ..iitunr.I     I    .iif    i"1iaii   and     lr..nK;   pattern',   iip- 

ritrhl  :    lr<l.    1111  .Inn       .i/r   .Mid    »ti.ini;Iv   f.'riiird 


Tntal 


.100 


LARGE  YORKSlilKE. 

I     p..n 


Stan.lird    nf   rv  r, '!,ti.  .■    ;in.I    M-al-    .|    p,.n-      a.l.l>i.d    Lv    llip 
Ninirii.in   N'.  rkvhiri    (  Iiil.  m   iKiji, 

F'  .ml. 
.lid     d.  <•■■      Ml      .  r.ip.  irti.'ii     1  • 
""i.ii.   i.iii    !■    !    ii:.i-.-.ui  ,    •.iit'jiiiy    T.-iii.i    in    ilic   lia.-k, 
>-\  iiMiirlru  .1!  atui  ^111. ...ill.  \\iili  lii..|\    '  rmly  -iipji.irti'd 
I  V    i><  'I  !.!  "  >■.!    1.  ^:-    ■  i    nil-. |i. I'M    I.  11  -ill  $ 


1 1)     General     Outline     I     n 


HI  A>l>Attl»    "I      I    %<  »  I  I  »  ■>>  • 


tJ)  Ou  '>nt  o(  Htad  \l'»t,.ilr  m  l.ndih  iml  «i»r.  «iil. 
.,.»ir  ).i»  »rll  «.|iriiHK  iiiMl  >iiii-ii|iral>!r  'li«H  l'>«»t.| 
«n..ii»,    lilt  rr.ioiiiH    wild    a.lvilii'il    iiialiinly 

(\\     Forthcad  and   Poll    V\  nlr 

(t)     Eye     Mr.luiiii  •i/r.  (I  ^r  mill  )>ri||lit 

U)      Jowl      Ml    liiiiii.    11.. I    iirniil    |....    t^r    l>.i.  W    |..«afl    ti'.W. 

.iiiil     11' .t     Haliliy 
(ft)      Snout       lurninit    iipwur.!    with    *    'li-'H    .  urvr,    ill.  i  immiik' 

«il|i      IK"  ,  .11 

(7)      Ear      M.iliiiiii   111  "/r.  «i.iii>liii«   will  out   fr..in  iln-   liiail. 

i.f   iii.aiiiiii   .•rriii..n  .iii'l   111.  Immu   .liKlilly   f.-rwar.l  I 

(H)      Neck     <  >f    iiMiliiiiti    Iciitflll.    f.iir    wiillli    411.1    ilrplll,    ri«in« 

nr.iilii:illv    fr..iii    |"'ll    111    «illur«,    iiiii»i  iiUr.    t'tit    it"' 

Kr..«»,    1  vrnly    rnnnri  liliK    hfi  '    :UI'I    Ix'dv  ,1 

(I})      Outlint  of    Body      I  "Ittf,    ili  .ji   mul   <«(    mndinn    »irii.|lli. 

I'.liialty    >'iclr    :it    »liiiitM>r.    M'lr    ami    li.itn«;    l"i'    l"i'' 

..IibIiIU    .irrlu-il.   iimlrr   liii  •   «lr;iiKtit  7 

do)     Back     Mixlrr.i'i  ly    lir'.:i"l,   i  vin    111   wmIiIi   fn.m   rii<l   !.■ 

.nil,  -trmiK  m  Imii.  •Imrl  rili«  i>f  k.mmI  li-nitili  i" 

(11)  Shouidn  I  arKi-  lii't  li"l  ni.i»»ivt-.  m.l  "prii  al.ivi'  fi 
(u)     Arm    and    Thiih     Hrcail    ami   ><t    ninlntiii    l.nKili    im.I 

div(|i.|)inrnl  - 

(n)  Briakct  \Vi>lr  nml  lh  a  livcl  willi  imilrr  lin>-  .1 
tH)     Side     I  iMiK.    «l<«|>.    ^'      luhl    ami    »vin    (nnii    ^ln.tiMir 

t      hip  " 

I  H>      Rib       W.ll    ar>lii<l    an. I    il.cp  j 

(If.)  Heart  Girth  and  FUnk  Olrth  (..-mI.  ami  al...i.i  r.|ii;il  S 
(1-1     Hindquartera-   I  •■nii.  i"  iiirrr»p'.tiil   wiili  •lu.iiliUi    ai"l 

siilc.  ill  1  |«.  VMlli  iiiixliTaii'  ami  «railiial  ilriiiip  i"  tail  5 
(l«)      Ham      lar«i.    wtll    1.1    «|i.\Mi    .11    tliiK'i    afxl    <«'■><    ai"' 

ri'ar    .iiillim-    «..iiu-«liat    r.iuiiiltd  I' 

(to)     Twlit     VV'll   <l"Aii   .Tii'l   niiaty  > 

(.•11)  Tail  Mciliiilti.  iii't  niii.li  imlmoil  tn  cii' '  I 
(Jl)     Lcga    Mrliimi  m  l.injtli.  MmnK.  ""t  i    ar-...  l.ui     laml 

mif   ^Ira.nlit    ami   firm  ■'' 

(12)  Hair      Almml. till.    Ihhk,    t>f    mkiIuhu    f>i\.Mr'«.     vitln'iit 

auv    lin-llr-  ,        ' 

(2O     Skin     Sim. "Ill     aiiil     wliiN'.    wi''i..|il     ^  I'l  ^.    Im'     'li'.^ 

np.iK   111  lIu-   -km  (111  nut   ili-iiiialtfy 
(jO      Color      \\  Inir    ..II    t  vtrv    part  I 

(.»^)     Movement      Viivf,    Imt    in'l    'r-tli-«  5 


*i  \ 


Tnlil  ""• 

LARGE  WHITE— (LARGE  YORKSHIRE). 

?!,,,, .lanl  n{  i  xccllcticf  adi.pti-tl  by  ibc  Natiuiial  !'.«  Hueilprs' 
A     •.(!  .imii  i.l   fircat   r.ntam 
Color     VS'liilf.    I'    '•    fniiii    Maik    liairs.    ati<l    a<    I'ar    a-i    pn^-tbl^ 

(r    111  tiliir   -..Ml,  on  »km 
Head      \l«.!fraUlv   Imik:.   f:i'''   sliRlitly   di-bctl.   ^inuit    br..ail.    r.'l 

..,^,,'^1    , !    j-„.t    l;.;i    hi-n ■.-;;!;■    !:;.!■.■.:•:•!;    :'.:!-. 

Eart     I  ..Ilk;     ■'"'I.    --liubth     iihIhikI    (i.rwanl.    ami    frinvrnl    will 
fitir  liair. 


si 


h  i  ! 


Neth     f     n,.     ,.'!  |,,    p. 11,  ,,,.,),  i,    I,,!!   ,,,  ,i,,    ,1,..,,.,.,, 

''Tuh*''.!,.',''';'',,"!.'''' "'"  '"■  ''■"' "'"' ""  •■•"*"''• "'  '»•• ' ■ 

Pati*rnt     vi,,  ,,  .,,,,1  i,.,,,,^.^ 
K»el     s,,...u.    ...  ,.     ,„,!  „„|.. 

f::;  M.:::,''^''  •"•'""'• ' ^•- >•• 

T«il        ^rt       iM^th,      M.m.     ,„J      1,,,,^..     1„„      ,„    , „„| 

tmc-    ll  iir. 

Side  I     l><.|. 

Rib»     \\,  II  -|,n,„,. 

B.lly     Inll    l,„t   .,,,   ,1,,|,(„     ,.,,,,  ,„,„,■,,  ,„„j,,   ,, 

Fl*nk      ll.i.li    a...|   »,'l   !,t  ,!,,„, 

Quarttr*     f  ..nc  .m.l  «  ..|, 

H«m»     lir.'.i  ',  lull    .•,,..!  .1., ,.  t,,  I,,  ,  t.. 

Co«      ?  ■,„i!   :u<,\    iii.'.l.  fil.ly    (,,„. 

Action     I  inn  ^nn!  n,  ,• 

Skin     \..t   too  ihnk.  -iMitc  fr.-,-  (,,,„,   uniiklrv 

I.-.rffr   l,r...|  ,,,K,  .1,,  „,„  tnUy  ,!.,.|.,,,  ,|,.„    ,„„ni ,,l   s,„„. 

..  .mtl.v  ,,|,|    ,!„.  |„^  ,^,   „,.,  „„„„,,^  ,  ,„„  ,,„,^,,,^  „    ,   ,,,,^  ^^ 
tiflrrri    ni..„t|,,    ,,    ,„„r|,    1,^,,,.^    .,„,„,.,|    ,|,,,„    ,.,,„|,|    ,,^      ^^^^^^ 
IMK-.I   i<    tl,,-   ...iritrr  ,,KP.   an, I    m.  .■    x ,  r^.,      but    M/.     .,|„1    ,,„.,|,iv 
arf  nv  ■>!!  mi|ii)riiti|. 

Objection.  lU.i.k  I,,,,  (.!,.k  .,."...  a  .-nrly  .  ...„  ,  ,,,,r„ 
M.M.,  .|.,,rf  Mioiit.  inl.Mir  km-....  Ii..||>„nf,,  a,  i.^.  ^  .,f 
»li'>uldc's. 


tl 


TAMVORTH. 

Dr-rripti.  II  in.!  s.  i!.    •(   l'..ints. 
(f  )riKin  .1  ) 
A.     General  Appearance: 

Color-    f;..|,),.n     ,.,!    ;„„!     fr-r    fr.,>,     l.!ru-k     .|..,i,    i„     |,.iir 

Size      \y.M    .:,v,  I, „.,.,(    i.,r    ;,,•,•       M.,.Mr.,1    (,o.,rs    ,„    .!,,,«. 
rr.p.l,.,    „    .|,..mI.1    „,,,.|,   ;„    I.,,,,    -,„,   „„      ,,,„,    ,„.„„„., I 

it    1.4  I     .fo    Hi, 

Form  I  ..1,1..  -III..,,!!,,  .,||  |,.,r|,  ,„.,  ,,.,rt„,nrit..lv  .|rvrl,.|>...| 
'"  ■■''•,  '  '  '■"^■''  •''■  iint>r<.,,.  ,t,  ,,f  ,,  ,Ml|t.,il.Tii,r,| 
Mr..„i:lv  t.in),  ,„,,„. I  To,.  In...  vlr..,.vr.  ,„„1,.,  1„„: 
'•'r.iii'.il ;    Im  !1\     Iriin    ;,n  I    neat  ;, 

Quality  M;..r,  fm.  ;  a,,i.  Mnn,.,|i,  .|„,u,pt;  ,„,  |,.,,|,  ,„.^  ,,, 
wrinkle;  l„,n,.  ,  ^■.ln  :,,,|  Mfm-.  t1,-|,  tin,,  ;,,i,| 
Mn..',t|..  «.■!,  „..  Il,l,l„nrvs  ,,I  j,,«l,  f..reM..iik.  I.rllv 
"r    I, ,111  g 

Ci.ndition  W.li  ,,.v.r,,!  „,!),  f.r,„  ,i,  I,',-  ...nnv  ,;.„i,. 
'■"■1-^    'i"l   l-'i,   l.n'   H..I    !,    ,,v.lv   ', .,,!,.!   uitl,   lat       ■  q 


-  I  >    l.  1  l,l'  •    "I 


III    -•  I 


t 


I 


Mylt      \.i.w     ...li      |.i.v..|.''v      ..  .n.iii-     •.■,ii       .     .       >i>. 

,ii  •  Mi:    .  Ill  1 .1. 1.  I 

M      ne«(]  and  Nctk: 

Snoul      l<  .'I  •  r    ! m.'     'II  .    'I'l     1"  I   •  •'■ 

K«c«      Mikjlit^v     .(.   I  -l     l.r.  ..  :     I.,  n*.  .11       .'         I>  -       -  I  !• 

..,,1     ,  ..iiniik?     vv  .  II     II  -A  .ir-l 
Kyr,      I    H.  .       I.,  I       ,.,.1     l.rthi  ' 

Jowl         '    '.  Ill       Hl.l     "•    '1        '■I'l       •     '•''•    .     '"'•     I '   '     '"    '       '■'     '     '" 

I  .,1.     , 

I'Ufi       I.'  .1'     '     '-   "^'       1 '■■!      "    "         I'^'i'l'^      '"■  '""•'     '     • 

,t,|,     ..,.!    Ii    «,-•  .!     "  111.    t  !'•      •    "1  ' 

Nctk      ^1-  •!    ">'    :.'••.■' I'     I'  .1  .  '1    '1     I  "I    I       ^.  --iiii;    II  •   l«ii 

,|,   ,,,  s     S-.      Ill  ll    '    11    !■    !• 

<       Fotequartern: 

:;!'.)iildcr»     ^1 I'l      ■■II'.     '  ■'   '    ■'ii.t.'t  !•'  ••'     ■■'■    '•■  ■'•''■ 

.,    ,  .,.     ,,,.(    ^    'v   ..  l.^  .1.1      .    ■    ■■■'■'•■    '-^1'   '■-      "  ■' 

,:    1    iH .;    I..    1.    ■  ■■     ■■•I.       ••     1-    !■'      '■■■    "'"    ■'•-'■ 

!„n,,,.        l,,M.M.i     ..i"i    l..'H  '• 

Hrr4>l      1  ,       ■!     -  i'!'!-     .H'l    i"l'  ,  •' 

Fun-    LcK»     ''.I    V,    I    ,|.-,it     ,,.,.!..,„,   1.  ,,  •■!,       u.\    -iru..  .1. 

!■  i-i,  n         ..|.M..-'ii       I    -i..         •      11     1'  •!         '    ■<■'-•■     ' • 

,;,i.in    -   /.    .iii'l      11  ■  li.  !s    '   ■!  HI'   1  -4 


i 


back  \|..|nMn  u'-llli,  1  ■  II!.'  -■■•li'K  .ll."\.  1'-^  I..1..I.I 
1  ;u  ,    Mill   |.  .1  nun:'    ,1    •■,  ■  I  >     -'■'.'■  I    .11 .  Ii   11 '  11'    1'   .  '     '  "'■ 

,.l    i  .  > 

Loin  W  :■!■  .1  1.  'I  ■■'  I'"'  -■!  iiw.  .ii"i  I"''.  '■"'  "  '  ''■■ 
,!mU     ,i,,Ii,.i 

Kib^     I :   I.  1'    ill    ""1  '•■"'■  '  "    '*   •'"  ''■  '' 

Side  l-inU  .1. .  !■.  I  'I'L'.  Ill  .  'Ill  -I"!  ir  i",'li^  L-  "••■  .  'i 
.|,.,,iM.  r  .11.1  !  .'  .  1  I-  '  ;lii  "!'■"  ■  "1  ■  '  ■'  ■"■  •''  '■ 
I  ,,.,,1    111,!  li  'I'l   -li   '''■!  I   11-  I'  'I'l'     "'■■  ''"'  •"  -■''' '  " 

Heart  G-rth  I  'i''.  l  "i  .■  i  -l  .M  ^  'i  '-r.  ;' ml  i'l  ■  ■! 
,,,„  .Mi,  u.t:-.  -.•'  "1  -1  i''''".  <■■"  ■' "'  '  '■■  "  - 
111.  1,1 .1  ii|.  .ii'i'.  II- I'l-   ■  '    '"'•    ''  --'   "  '   'I'"'" 

I,  ,,  I    ..1    .|i  .•■M.'.'    .    .. 
K'anks     I  mH    .i-l   '.  ■ 


K.     .  iituliju.irtcrs: 


,,!      .!'..-l|iU'     :      111,  '■  .| 


J    .        ,.       V,,,,,      ,,  ,.|:!i      ,  .     In    !         •     '■ 

,..,.,  .,   |,,,ini    .il.'.'  .    In;'     '"  1  '■'.  .iii'l   -■■""  '.^1   ■'    '       1'    '    ' 
.,     ,:'    -111,     1..    ■'■I.'    ,'M  r    ■    ';,  ^1 

Ham     I  11' !■  '■"    ''   I'i     "    -      ''"^''    ''■'''  '  ■•   .'■■;'"'"  ., 

1;..|    !.      «,li    ..,,!       .      1"'     '.  ■■•       !"l'!--     •""I     ■■"<'■    ■■    '■      '"    -"      '■■  '    '' 

.I.'VMI       ;',.^    :.'!.       '•■''■  ,  '' 

Hind  l.c's      ^'i   ('"111      ""'I'    I  ■  '■'-'  -'•   ~  •  ''  ••'■'"'  '""  "  ' 
I,       ,    "       .  >,.  ,r  I ,   i.      .     .  N  ..It    iti'l   -'!■  'I'l';  !"•'•  "■"•■  "!' 

.         .    .        1 1      ,M.  .|:..\       I'.. I   111.    .!  1 


k  f 


1. 1, 1 


48 


ri 


f    ■, 


TAMWOkTH. 


K-      nil    !lll«i| 

'     '     ^      '      'I'    I  ''  "U    .    I    I"   nr  .HI. I     „t    H,  II   ,.,it 


■^'.i'>'!".I  ■  I  .^, .;:..!..   ,,.|.  |,,,,|  i,j  ,1,.  N,,ii.,|i.,l   !■  •  ft.,  K, 

A--'  ■'  i.il   '   II       I    f  ,1  •    ,1     I;mI  nil 

Color      ...Mill   ,,.!   !,,„     ,„    ,    .1,     i,  „,|,„,,,   ,|,,„    ,„,    ,,,„,   ,,.„^ 

Mead      I  ,,Mn     h„,..     ,,„,„,    „    ,.|,  ,  ,,,K     ;,„  ,.    .,,,.1    .pn'.     -t,.,:flii 

!•'■  '■  -  u'lill.\    .h-l  ..I,   u  ,,!,    I  ,  M,,  ,  i;  ,  :,,  , 
^^•■*       Iv'll.l     '.lU;,.     \Mlli    III,,.     IIIIU'.       ,ur..|    I     •   .! 

-Iiv:!  tU    i..i  \y.f\ 
Neck      I   Ki'v    !...;.   .,,.,! 
Chest     \\  ■■'.    .,ii.|  .' 
Shoulder-.     In,       '    ,  1.,,.^     ,;  ,i   j,  . 
Legs     >■..  I  ...  .;n,!     I, 

-',!,'  I.   ,1-, 
Pasterns     ^''..i  ,;  .r  ,|     '  ,    ni^, 
Keet     ^;i    ;  J     ■  ,i      ,    ,    ,,     ,,,. 
Back      I  .  til.:   ml   -■;  ,  ..i  t 
Loin     '-M.  tif    .11,1   1,;    .,,1 
Tail     S.  I  ,.ti  I.  :'ii    IP. I  ..v,  i:  t,,-  ,  i;,  ,| 
Sides     I  ..tiL'  .iii.l  .|.  ■  : 

Rib»      \\.  !!     ,.,   .,  ,.  .,,.,,  ,  v,,,.,|...,       .■•  n,,  ,,,  ,i,„,U 
Belly      I ',  ,  |,    V  I'll  -...    ,.\  ■  „n.i,  I   ■  .  , 
Flank     I  nil   in, I  u,  M  :,  i  ,|  ..m. 

Quarters     I  .  •),.     >    ,  ,   <       .      ,.  ,    ,,,,„,   ,  ,     ,,    ,  ^,, 

Hams     I'...   ,.|  .,i,,|  Ml  1,  u,  ;i  ',  i  ,|   ^, ,.  ,     (,,.,  |  , 

Coat        \l.lni  '.II     !    ...     ..,,,   _.|  ,      ,,,,]   ,  ,  , 
Action        I    11  n;     Hi, I    !  ;  .  , 

Objections     l;'.,K    •:,.,.    ■,.,,    :.,,i,,      ,    ,,  „,,,  ,    ,  ,..     ,.,.., 

'  "■"  .   II-., I"    1 '  I,    ■  .  -    .,    1 ,.    "     r  ■     ,      ' 


■lli.l.t- 


UIM       -.    Al     I,.,,    I,     ,,| 


BKKKSIlIki;. 


,.     \ , 


M.I"'  ■■!  '  t  .  M, .:•,,„,   .,..,,,  I 

N-     ,    .,!       II 

Color     I;  .1.  I    I.,  .ii;  ^.  !  ,,,   ,,||  ..  ,  ,    ,  ^ 

-.    .         I       i:  .  ,,  r,     ,,n. 
Hace  .-ttid  Sni.ut     -I  .  tt.  ii,    ,,,.n,,,   nn,     ,,  ,]  .,,  ,   |  ,.  ,, 

'"■     .!    I  ■  :     .  .  I.     I':,-    .  ».  - 
Kye     >.  .  .  V  .  t  ar.  i.i-!  rr  I   i-.-,..    ! 
I'^r     '  ..     ,  r  illv    I'n  .  -I  ,•,,,'.    ,.  ..  '\      , 

'     '      ■'       '       '       ' '  l|,    H         IMJ        ,,1) 


-r  ,  ..11    I.,  1 1, 


I  r.    :.i,!    ,,i 


Jowl  I  I    .,,,1   I,,.  ,,  ,  r-.i. 

Netk  ^'  ■!     It,,!    It  ,,|    . 

Hair  I    -  .     ,i!  I    .,  n  .  ,,,,  i 

i^><''>  '■    '  '■  ''.    lit, I   ;.lt  ,1,;, 

Shmiltk-r  I  i  ,.  I.    ,,..,!  ,  \.  „ 

H.Hk  I;  .i 

Si.I-,- 


I 


'fJi 


I» 


(•'Liilk      \\  .    '•     l>uk      Mi.l     ;.\v     i|"\Mi       11     I'l"  iinkint;     tu-.irly 

.  •:'!  I      ini'    v\  itli    I  In     l"\\  I  I    p. Ill    ■   I       I'l'  ^ 

I.  un  I  1'  i     iii'l    i\  I'll  '' 

Ihiiu  1>.  M 1   lln.k.   .M.n'liia:    >M  n   .i|.   ■11  I. .1.1..   .iii'l   li'l'l 

,,..      '1,1.    l<i,    -~      U.    II     .l.-VMl     ...     Il-ll.  '" 

T..il      \\  .    I     .  t   ii|.  .  M  1m.  U  ,  lii'i  niiu;   ..1..1   n.i   .  •■.1I-.  i 

l.CKS        ■-!  ■■U.     -t!..    ..'1    I,    .IM'I     -(■  .'IIL'       -it     V   :'!''    .ii..iit,     \s  !tll    li.".i^ 

,'l.   ,   i       ,,.,!     .     :|.,il.:.       .    !     |...Mh    -     L.    ..    .1     .,v.   .■.•,!   I  .1 

Symmetry     W.!'  i  i..]..  ■•  l.-h,  .1  il.i..t.L;li.  .:i    .1.  |i.  n.li'v;  l.irt;.  ly 
.  11    ,     1-. I'll. .11  '' 

CotulitiDfi      I'l    .    1 1     I'  ■''ii\     i.-i.  \'.  nil.'     Ml'      11    I     ■•■'''  "■!     3 

Style       \"i.,.iii,        inni..!      ...l-.'-v     ..|     ll. -i- -iicli    l.r'-.,|inK 

.111.1      .  .  'l:  -!  ll  1"  I     ti.ll      ^  !■.■'  ■'  ^ 


I. .1,1  '■«' 

Description  of  Berkshire  Swine. 

|-i,  .,,i..i    I'V    it,.     \  .!     1...      \    ..,  Mii.ii    .'!    I\|<rl    i  1'1k<-..    '.| 
*>u  me 

Oisqualirications. 

For-n  \.r\  'in.-'  .'".I  '..  '^\  i  ir  •  pnie  ■  n-  -'i' >"  rt,iiii:..c! 
,  1,,  ,  ,  ,,  ,,,  I,,  I  ,  1  .,,1,1,  r  n.l  .^'  r  '•"  I'l'  '-  -■■  .1-  '■' 
,.,,,,,       ,     ,],  ,,,,  ,  ...     I,  ..  '„     ,  1   .'s      p. .11.  .-.I      .!.  1  .till.  -1     .ir 

,,,...K,,|     '...-,     |.,1     l....i...!i     .1      I'll        ...     'Il.l     ll'        Ill-Ill. li     l\.l'k-     "11 
|..i  ■  1  .  I  II     I.    ml 
Size       I  '\.  ••.•!■.■  n       ..■  |ll..-''l   -■        .    .11    .V'        .      li'li.l.    '  1       11     1      l\\'i 


1  i.,i  ,|      1  . 1  L..    ,  1  .  i-./!i    i'.  I    :rj 
Condition      I' n  r.  i  .  .  l.  :  n 

r  .  11      111      1  '    ^     .    .1!     -■ 

.■ore     I  .        1 1  .111      •  1  \    r    '1  '  - 
.  li^ree      ^'■'   .    '-.il'l'    '  ■  " 


Det.iile.l    Description. 
Head    Hnd    i'iii  e      Il'l 


.  .1.    .     ,        II     's     .1    -.  .1    .  .1     !      til    l.lll'l 


,,    .!     ...    ,        .,,,!      .,  .  1'     .1;     I:.-.!       I.f.  ,.!     !.,  U'-.  .  II 

11. II     .  \  •  -    •-.    ;...'-f       1    :  i"  .     '  •■'  i> 


'■    f 


Objections     ll'.i'l    '    ir..    n.n      .     .■   '    , 

'1.1        ■■        .  1  >'        I'.ii  I  ■   \\         1     ,  '  nil  1.  I .  .1 


,1,1    !■■  .      .11.1 

..    -      .   \!.  Ii'lill'.; 


\  .    r    1      11]. I"  •         I 
1'     ,       ll.  1,        I-    . 


.!    I      !,  1    ...  II      Il'l       .  V, 


t      '    ,1     ■.-,     .'.II.      I    1      .    '     ■  'f     L'l  .'IV 


Kyes     \  .  1  \   'll  :ii , 

Oliicclions      <i.    ,"     .'<■■■  !■■  .M:    t     .'.  .  '1       •       !.   '  '■■■      ^'-'"" 

.11 .  .';   l.\    »..  1  .|.'  ;.  ;  .1  .  .1      il.l    .  :i\.   I 

Kais     1  ;.  1  .  •  I'U     ,'.  .•  ...1     '    '•       ..ni.tniii-    in,  I'l..  ■!    i'.  .r 


1   ..    .] 


C'lici' 


•1  in.  ,  ii'l  -..11 


- '  \  ^1'  \i;i'     ••!    I  \i  1  !  1  I  ■..  I 


'       Neck      I  n^'     ^!,,;,       I,    ,,    ,,,..t    -•„.!,, \     ,,,,l„    ;     !„.,,, .|    ,,„    ,,,., 
Oojections     l.,,u;.  ,!,,,     ;,,.  i,,,,^.    i,   i,,!!iu  - .  .,,,,1  ,1,  pi  I, 

,;         Jowl        I    ir!      I, MM      MhI    „,    ,.,    .-..n.nu    lu'iM.    -       l,,,,l.    !,,    .I,,„||,I.T 

mil   III  t-k.  I 

Objection*     I  ,k!,i.  tL.i.i.v,  ,|iiii    iu,i...|  „,,  ,.,    .,M,,,ki,  I 

'■■     Shoulder     i;. ..:.!,   ,!,■.■,.    ,,„i    ,„|l.    r,,|    ,.m.,..1,,1    !„■•.. ,„|   ,|,.- 

'""       ■    '     -"''    '      •"'■'     li.l'"-     ••'      .    -1.   n,|,,,L-       ,l,..w         ..;,       ,,;      I,,,   i,      ,,,,! 

!",'"-     ■•-    ""I'     -I    '■  !•     .-    I., Hi.,    ..H,M,,.,    -,..     ,!   ,.,„    ,,,    ',,„     ,,, 
'"      >      111.1    ll.n  111;;    l.il,  i.ii    u  l.llll 

Objections     l,,.ki.u'   m   .Irpih   .,    „:,|,i     ,!,,.;,   i„,.„i   ,|„    .,,,,. 
■     •'!•  ■     i"'l    ''I'M-      ■<    ..■in,!-,.,     ,1,  ,.,     '.,„        .    ,,,,i,    !,,.,,,, 
-Ill'  I'l-   ■■n    ii-Li-   nil. I.  r   ,  i^.|.'<  .  ,;   ,1  .,,,i|.         .    ^.,^ 

:       Chest       I  .r^i-     .V-!,      ,1,,. I    ,.,    „,,      ,,.       ..,^,,,     |„,^,_,    |„„_^ 

;'"^7^    "'!|    "   '"  iHl    .  M.n.l,,,.     1,.,|,   .,,,    •,,,!     ,,,,,    ..,i,,, 
I'l   '.i.!   In  l,»c,  n    i..i,    :,  1^- 

Objections     I  ',i!    i:.,ti.  i-,    ,•   i  .p  ,  i   i.   t,,,,,. 
'!>■:  I'l  "r  iiiPii.--    1. 1,  .,.[   |„  ,,,    I  I,,,  I,,  ,|  ,., 

■<       Back      r.r-.,i.!      .111. I      -ii,Ci;i.i        ,   ,,  n      .. 
!'•  II  'I'  '    ^■'  '■'■""■    -HI  I  I.  .    .  \.  II    ,h,!     1,       .■! 
pi  ■'■'  '  !:■  ■!!-    .111. I    II. ,1    |,  ., ,     . ,,,.. 

Objections     X.nr  .^s.     -,v,,.....|     ..r     Im.i:..«. 

•  I  1     1  !  >■  !  1  I  11, 


iM!i,   :  ,.  i,,n... 
lip 

•   .!ili      II. .Ill 

:'    .  1  .  .1  -1    .    ■.!• 


.,,,,,,,  ^. 


Sides  a.id   Ribs     ^i  I 

-I/.       .|..,Mi         , 


I  "  'll..      !,!||,  .,,,!      ,1,    ,    ,  ..,,„;,,.. 

.^     ■>''■'    .  I  .  Il'\'     II      111     I    ,11!     1,,     .1;    ,,,   ,1,  ,  I.;,!, 

■"■■■      •'••■■''t^.     IM  '\     -I'Mi!.).;      11     |,    p    ,11   ,!     !   ,.,,      I,, 

Objections     Mat,   Hi      :i,,l,l,\     ,.,  •    ,.    ,.,■    ,,    !.,,,,.,,,    ,     .,,    y  ,, 

'■-  ''  ■  ».  -    11-  ;  u. .'  -I  Mill.     [  i..p   .1  I,  ,.,,,,, 

"•      Belly  and  Flank     \\,|,     ■  ■;     ■  ■:  ;   ■■  i  ..u-Li   .,„  I,,  .tt.  .,„  |,„.  . 

ObjcLtions     i;,   '.,    .   ,■,    ,,     .,,.1      ;,,,,...      |:,,ii,  ,>  ,,     .,,1   ,,.  ..  1 


I,     tiam    and    Kun.p      il,n-    I.,.....!.    ii,M     ,,,.!    '  .,,^      ,i,,     i,,,,,-^ 
;;■•','   I""  ■■'   I  ••'1^   -li..it|.|  I.,    lull  .,,„I     ml.    V,  11  ,    ,^,t..l  un 

''""    1     •11     ll'  '  1.         K'nilip     .li, .1,1,1     li  ,,,,     ,1 


|!. 


'■•''"■';'-    ■'■■'"     '■■'"■'    •    ■      !■•   '     ■'!    •■''   l.ri     -a.ii,.    „i,I,|,    .,,   I,. 
1'  ■•    '1      '^^       'It       II    ..,,  h    -i.l.    .,11,1     ,|.,,\,     tlu-    i.ill 

Ol.jitticn-       li    in     i,,,Tr..n.    -Ii,.ii,     •!„,      ,,...     p,- ,,.•     I.,  ». 

•■     '     "  "     ■"   '"»  I-     .'-I'    '■!.  !.•■•   I  :^-l,     ,.  ,  ,.,i    1         K' 

I    .IM         ...  ■;.!      p...     -I,.,.p, 

l.cys   and    Ft  et      !  .  .•        '     .  i 


iiip 


OI  )( ,  ii.iii , 


I        Tail 
Objfi.  Ii(i!> 

i;       Cn.i! 


till.  .   t.ipct  nil-    .11. 1    I,,  .,1  i\ 


I 


1  •  •  i  1  '  I  . .  I 


Objection..     II,,.,     .     .,  ,.  .|,     ,,  ,^^      ^  ^  ,, 

■'■■'■'■''■■I       -■■'    I.  -K        ..,ni-    ..,    .  1,;  |.,,j 
i>      Color      l.l,,L       ,   ,• 


"I    rvi n'v   i!i., - 


I" 


,!,■!.■    .. 


"    '•  ■!      i.c  .       1^.       i    I  ,.!     .,,,1 


Objctlions 


-1  I.  .,.1,     .,   I 

Size     I    II.-,     1,  !■    ,n.., 
I.  I II     i  .,   |.    II,,, i 

II! -Il^   '  II 


1,1      lllh  ■.     I  - 


■      i'     "It-  '      ■■■    I.     1.        .      .     |.     .,,!     I,      ,j\ 

'     ''"■    »'   ir       ;in.|    -\  .  ,     n.  ■!     '..  , 
"        •'"  ■■  ■=     l.-iiMii  i;      ,■      I,,,  ,y,. 

'  ■■      ■        j. ■till. I         |',..:,r    ,iiHi 

i        IMH     - 


,1      '    ,     11    ■!     Ill 


I 


•  nil   I      I  ,'  ti 


'(•■■r.  Ill         ^n  !,  .    L. 


1  ai  1  iM      ,ii 


ibjetfions     1   i  >:,  ,  v  .      r, 

Ailii.n    an.l    litylo      ^ .  n. 

Objections      !i,-!:       1,1.., I    .|     ,,  .,   ,  1,,,,,.^ 

!>',     Condition      II. .iM,^      .\..,,    ,  i,    ,    .,,■    _,.,,^,      _      ,^ 

"■"■  "■•"■    "'iM'-.  !■     1        11    ,n.!     M.,f  , ■!.,,,    I.     1, -u 

llli.'     '11!..     :!,.    - 

Objections     riili,,,',|n     .1,1, 

i:lll||\      •!.       r        <..,,     1,1,1     1| 

■  ii.'l      '  .•'■Imu'    .,1.   ,,,,,,   I.    ,1% 


..I     I,.,l 

'  -'■'''■  ■■  -il.liv  •!•  h.-ir-!;  ■■>  ,M,lnr.-s 
■ ;  '  1!.^  fl  .11  !  ,11-1  .'ij 
'■■  ■  ■     .!•   .  '11.  --    j.  ,1,1;,:  Of 


I')      Disposition     <jn.,i    i!,!,.,,.',    ,,,,1.,   ^    ,.,'..,,,!'e 
OI.|eiti..ns     .1        ,  ,,    ,',    ,    ,,.      „,    ,,,,,    ,,.,, 

POLAND. CHINA. 

^  •  ■'        I,'     ,■•!•,.  I  ■         .  ■         , 


111  !.'■  , 

Hr.,.1 
I    \.-- 

I'.ir- 
.\r,l. 


r,,,,rit- 


! 


in 


M...    i.I,. 

I  li. -I 

|!;i.  k     .-111,1  I 

Si,!,.    ,,,,,!  iv  I 

\'<  ':i     ,1,.;  I  '  ,1  ' 

II,    111       .ili.i  Iv    I,,    , 

I    r.  t      .-,1;.!  I    .     . 


t  .• 
I  I 

t.' 
I 


I       ,!,,,■ 
S..',- 

\   t    .],      ,   1    •-;-.,  , 
I  ■.  11.!  I-    - 

111- .!..,, 

"^v  iritlu  Trx      .    1      r 


I     .1  .1 


m        '-:F^M"'^^-'^  ^1 


Ml 


|)«-M  iilitmii  1)1    I'mI.iiuI  CliUl.i  Swmr 

I't.  |.,,i.  I  I',   r  ,-  \  ■ 
Head— 4.     H'  '■'  -'  •""'■i 


V      ...     ,1     I,      I    I   •  p.  It    hi!. 


,    I,.       ,|    ,4,11    ,',.]   -n..-    'li  )..  !u.  .  II    ,11.1 
„|,,,v,    !;,,»,-        -I    •,  I    V    ,1  .!  ,  .1     !,,|  .1    ve   ■  '  "      <i'  '■    :'  ■■iM  .iU 

l.,  ,,,  .11    1 1  ,    ,  II  1      1    I    -.        I'.i    -m1    '  •"  ■III  .'.     Ii.  .I'l   III'  \.w  ■\ 

(,.       !,,  ,|  111,  - ..     I. Ml     1,-1     1  I.,  •ii.'li     I    '     ■•■   V  •■     '  !i'       il'l"   1'  ""  '      •  ■! 
,i,il,l,v      I!     -,  \ii.|      111      til  .'.■       1      I11.1-'  iiiin.       .  vpti     .I'll     .iiiil 


!    ,  ■   ,|;il^.    ii;.     -M.'lil  '\'     ll     I  \\i-    li.l  -•■ 

I,],      '  I  ,  >  ,       ,     ."  n!'.      Ill ,    ik     ■  r 


Objections     II,  li   '    x^.  uni.  -.■    1..  t  >v    ■  n   il-.    ■  ^'    ■   ■"■-'■  '""  ^'  " 
,,ii,!    ,...it-,.    I.'-.    I.iiui     ll    'i'     iiin//'i    '■!"    t',     I'   ll    '    ■'      I'    I' 
,,,  ,l   ,  :'!  ,.,    I,  _;!     ,1,.  M    I'll-  ,  I ,  -,  -I    <■■■■  mil.  ll   \\  I"  HI-'.  .!    ,1  ■  'iiii'l 
,      '.    ^,    1',,     .  \. 

Kyes 2.      1  "T    ■    '   11.   i.i.'iniii.  1:'     ll''!   I  -I'll  --■^' 

Objections      K'l':    i  vji. --i.  .n.    .1' .  i'    -■  i    -i       l.-'Hi.        Si^'ht    nn- 
I'  ,,|  .    ^    |.\     v\  1  Mik'ii         I  ,1    '.1'    ■  '■  i'  I     '    'i:  " 

Kars— 2.     1   "-    1"  .' It    1    !"    'I'     ■  •  "1    ''V    I     ''   "     '"I'l  >■■'•'•  !< 

(ji\  ill..'    1 1  '  .     an.!    .    1    \    .hM  :'  '11 
1.,     u    i;  'll     I-.-. "   ll  ■!'!■       -1 
,tr..,.|,    -]    .'M      ...111      Ml        •'     I  '    ■!  .  •    '      ■    '.I."     II  ■!    '    "    -'".''I. 
l,.,l  ,  \  ,  n.  liiir.     liiH.  !■  Ml  -li.il"       S' 1^  111  I V    11,  I'll.  .1  "iiiu.inl. 
Objections      I  .i-l"       'I'T'i'N      -.M.iii.'!'      ir.n'.H       r    .■■ii-,       knii'  i 
;     ,,  .       ■,.,.,,     ,1  ,      ,    ,r    ,li'..   |.     t.    .'    .  ;■'-.      ■    '    !l"      1"  "1      111'!     I  ■" 
liiliili  I    I!.'    llu'    .iMin.l'    .    I    I'  ■  t     ll-i     ■'!    ti  <     I    i!  ■ 

Neck 2.      >'■'  <\.    ui'l..    '...11      -in".'i!'      %-,'!:      i''!'.|        k- ■mi'liiiL,' 

.,,,!  i.|"  I'  IP  I.'.:  1"  -k.'iiMi  I .  \v  111:  '!'••  M'^:  'I'l  i"  ll"'  .  I;  lr.l.■- 
' ,  r  -  .  1 1 '  -    ■  I  ill       I  ^ 

Objections     !     i  l'    n   ■ 

:    .  •  !i,    I-.  ■!]  >\  ith  'I" 


ill  11   .,1"!    'll ml;    <r    in   ll  i     -ti.  "'1.1.  r 

,,  -  -    ,    ,:•.-■•  .1   l.\    ■.'.  I    Ilk  '  -   .  ■!    .1'    1  -I  - 


Jowl  — 2.        I    iT       !'I'     .'1      .1.1  11,     -111-    -ll'      'il.l     liiri,     '    IM-MIU'     I'llll'   - - 

1,  ,,  ■,.    1,1     1    :..   )..  II.'    "1    -ll"'!'.!'  r-.  .iii.M'i       \\    '  'I,-   "1    ".■,■■  I    M« 

,',     ,1   ,..      |l   ,       '.    .,x,    :      'm   ,•     ',,;!;     I    '        ,-     ''     ,\  .     I.I'    I     1      t.     '■■       .n!"   11 

li'    "1   ;.  ,    ,11"  .1   111'     '  •'' 
Objections      li.'li.      -M.l.v        'In      .nnl      ai'Iv    -1i,i|..  O.      .k 'I  ly 

..,,;,■,,!,      .,     !      .'l     ..    i     1    i-      \   ■     ■.:       '    '    '  1      '      '■  '  1       '  ,  iV  .      .Ill'l      II'  ■! 

,,,,,,.;.n,.    p.::,,,--   I'.I.  I,    !"    .l."\.Mir   .Hill   kn-kil 
ShouhU-r— 6.       l;r",i.l       'iM     ■-''        ■      'l'-     '■■•:■■       k".^'..'.■     .S'llM.      . 

^,   ,,!        .1    ,       1.  ,.   k        .1'    I      11.   '   k,      U'tll      '■    ..    .1      V   I'I'k      11       •"      ll    .       !"!'      I     ■ 

i!',     1...n..ii,.    ,111.1    ...  11      11 il.iii  -■   '  ■-;'  ii'1:'';^    V'l  1!    l-r^^  'I'l 

Objections      N'ti-v-    ,il    i''-   '    :•   ■  r   k n  'm     h"'    .i     ''''1'   ■<-    ''" 


k    'h 


.I'l        '~k.'  i'l- 


!• 


..,        r    -i,,   i^  ill-    1.  . .   Hill,  ll      I'M    ,,!   .iii\     ■■j-r. 

Chest— 12.      1  ..V.I.',    i-vili.    i!"!'    -ll    1    '-'''■'■■    <  ■"  "    iiti;li  '!'ii''  .t"    iln 

i,,,iiM,r    ii'i'l       ■'■  -     ,".li    11"    ''i.i-iS    ■JU'ii'.j    ii'ii\    "t    T'liu 

,,,,     I,.    ,.,     ,,.,1    ,,■!  .  1-      ..'..11,  ..    Ill  ikt.iv.1,     I    l.i:..'i     .;'ri!i.    ili.lir  . '   i".: 

,,.,..,  1,    \  ';',!..      i; I  ■  I  .  I    -111""'  ll.  « '.  1 11    iii'i   i'i".il.    >■'  I'll    k. 
,„,,.,',.        .  ,1   ,  M,  •  .1  I.'..    .  I  '!   I..1  >-.  ir.l     -i'---.>.  "    ■    '"    ii'iii 


I  -.1111 


fl^ 


OI>if  I'- 


ll   till     I"].   ■    I    1..   11    .111.    .1    Ml.  I 

■     .    .     .',11     .    ■,      li.  lui  .  II     1  !  ,      |,   ■; 
r.li    U.   I       r.u.   >, 


11.  u     . 

Ill  r  It  .  I, 
lit.,,,. I  .  I 
Invl      1      .1 

,-ii!  ', 


I'.i .    nt,    -11  u.  Ill       t       '  I  -Ii' !  \  1 1 1  I  .    I.    .    II I  \ 

•;!■'.  I    I    .    Ii  ...1.      un.i    .  11.11.    -ii;.  .    t  li. 

1      p.        ,.!  11.11  ..     !■      I  I      .  .     I      ir^       l.ill 

V  1  '  I      -pi  II  Ilk;     I  ill    .  '      ii'.l     11.  .1      111 

M.  I    .111.1    -!      111. I    Ii  I    ..Ml    ,1'     |.-iM  1...I1 

'  .     '    ■.      1    '  ...  .1        '      <.:■  I      |i     .1     -.i|, 

■ . !  r     •    .    1 .    1 1 1 1     . 1  r 


Objcitmns 

1.  .lit'        r       nil  li    I; 

h'Mii]  1  .1  ii|. .   -  '■' 

•i.l,      !.,.!       , 

Sides  anil  Kibs — lo. 

1.  ■  '  1   •  . 

i-il.        '...I'.I  .ih. 

Objections  I  .i.  iliii.. 
:i-  I..!,  .h  1  /  11  11  I 
pm,  I..  ,i     ...  I    ••:     I   .  .|    I 


I,,  .  ■!  .  r  r,  .  iiikl.   '     1-1 

.,•!..■  ,    .!.|.r.  .  1.1    ..: 

..    •  -r  nil.  \ .  II.    u  i.ll  li   .  I 

I  .!.   I   |),     |i.   .       !l  .  .Ill     i\  1  il'l, 

I I  1 1 . .  1 1 1   1 1  I  •  I    i    ■     I :  .  1 1 ! .  I  ■  !  ; 
■  .(I  .lllll  }<■  .11.  -111 

'.  11. .1  .1-  111'!  .1'  I.  '  111 
t  .  (Ml .  !iu  1-  I  1  1 1  .1  .  r 
ppr    ...  li.  -  111!     li.iii,     III.  - 


I 


Belly  and    I'lank — 4.      I.   '  \    !■ 

,  .|.  ,.  •,  ..  .'  i,,  ..,,  !..  ,1  ..  ,1, 
ll  .l.k  ,■,  .■'.  !'  .•  1  11  '.  I  .  I  .  -!  ■  • 
■■• ..      ...I    1 . .  .     It  ■  .III    ii:ililiy  .i]!).. 

Objections      I'.    I..    'n.  vn   .nil    i^ 

; :  .    :.    .1  .    1';.        I'liH  I  <  .1   i!|>  111   • 

Ham   an'l    kump — 10      i  ' 

.il  !:■•    ;  ■•;:■     •:   l!       1  i;..  •  .r     '. 
p.irl  .  (   liu'  lam--      i  '■    \\\  . 
Iilc  I  \  1  t  \  ^^  111  r...       Kit'ii;.   1 
tin-    !•  Mt    |..    I  'ic    I.     '    ■  i    t ' 
all    ,r.  111^    IT-  -111    I .  .1 II.   :i  i'»l 
!■  .'.s  .1    11    Ii!  ]i,irt  .  .1   Imiu   -I 

IMlh      :!.    -Il  1    S.   II      ^.      '•''      . 

!  .in     :,i  .1     I.     S         I    .. 
1...  .1      .    ,1  ', 

Olijci  lion>      i  1 .1111      1..  .1 1     ■    ,  ■  I   ■  \  . 

..Ill      il..  \r    ...     I„   !...,..    .    . 

.1-      I':.  I...  I>.      l.il.U.     . 

I    ..;■    ..  .-1    ].     -■   •     .\    •  .     I 

|..'!l    I.  .  ll..     1 

l.e^s    ,iiul     IVc!  —  Ki.      I 


|.|..  I.ll 


1       ..I   1     in"..     Mi!..  .1      11.^ 

.    •  .r  ■  .11  .1    ll  \ .  I    :i    t !.. 

;  .11     -lr.iii;lil.  ..r  II.   ll  1> 

■    PI    1  ...-.  n.  .      ill 
1.1,1.!   1...     h  .'ii 

'  !..iii;  I'l.iii 
1  .    11.-    v.    .1, 

■..  ti  1  1....W.- 
-       p.  '.  i-l  M 

'  .■•!... I 


1      ll"..' 

Kmnp 


.1  uiM 
.  .i  .11. 1 
...1   .11.  ' 

i.r;  it,    , 


1  • 


if 

i  1 


\l      \ 


1   j 


■  4  -   I     V   M.   M     1 \l    I    I    1    1     >■     I 


I   i  .  t     III  II 


1  ,,,    .    |..Ki;l,    .Hi'l 


v(  1 !  I  1 . 1 1 1    I'M  I  k  1 1  k: 

t.    1  II  i:^     I   I       .1' 

I;,  I      II  •    Ml     .|.  U  t  I  ■ 

.  I  .      r  .  I. ..  li  .1      mil  -.  'i  •      mill 

obKCion,  v^;,;-;/'i:;,,'',':: :,::.,    :.-'-,  ,i  ..... 
;':;;;,..;:'',i.;  ,;■; ^  ■ '■■■' -  ','■'• 

|.    „k-     lllli   ..I       u        .     .-11     ■    .      ..^..iwl.I     ll -     ......    I        .■ 

t.  Il  .1    ll  ■..:    ' 

,.1     i.ii.il.li      |..     Ill  .If     h;.     XV      .:■  . 


III,.    ,.%!    ..>i..k.   (••.         I 

tniM.  li       .,..;"  1.  'Ill       ' 


.,.1    iH'    ..1    ■   "■.'■■  ■' 
,^:-l I     !.'.   li-ii'^ 

.,,.■),  ,,  ,1     ..-,  .111...  '!.  ■'  I  • '  ■'.--; 


Coat— J.      I    .' 
Objcctionsi     I'li  i'k-.    I- 


I  olor — J. 


I    ...  i 


III     .•! 
III!        II 


Tail-i.      1.1...   ""■'  •"" 

,1    ,!     .     IM  ..   .1     111     .1     ■11. 

,        ,,i,|,\  ,  ,.r   1 m.ii;.   .nil.  <•■".■     .    '  'I"  ""i-- 

'  I.   -II  iirii.   -1 .1^  ^•'-'  ■' ''  ;  ■;■' ;'" 

,    ,.,!:.   ,„.|    .    I,.;...!    >    .''    -"I.-   -  •!   ■-•'    H-    •'•■•l> 

,    ,,r,,  .    !i.t'  -1.     .1  '.'      ".'^^     ".^    '   ''''^  ■ 

„  ,i-      ,  ii.P,.^   .  .  .  .1 '"•  M.    I    '■"■'    I.'.  "»;  -•.      ^'^  ■* 

.1,..,  I.,,!.  .1   .A    1    .1  !  .1   il.i    '".'U    .  ^-  ;  I   1"     \       '  "I'i  •  ■'  •     '•- 
,ii,  .11  .1   !,.      .11.  I  .  .ml  ■ 

,,  1,     ^,,.1      .,.     .'.I    ...lull.    t...iiii-        'I'll-    ".■    '  ii'     .'    '"" 
i.,"'    ,s\..:,     It.  ■     .   I     ■.'  ■     .■■       •     •  '     .     1    'I' 

•  u,,     .,,^         \   !    .       I-     !•    '•     l''^>''>      •  '"'■""  ■   ■        ' 

S,,i,,l,       ,.|    ul'il.        .1    li.     ...«.    i".         '    "■'"'>    ■■'■    .'    "'^     -I"'' 

.       I,.  ..'s       ■!       t  I. II  I    n.     1:    lll'l 

,  ,  .  .  ,,  ,,  ,.  .V,  ,|  r  -  .1-  U  ~|...i-  ">  ■  .  !.'•  ■! 
.  ,i„.  K.-.i,  -I,.  ■  ;..|  '  ..  .■  ■.!  s\  l'..!.  ...Ill 
.1,1111;   .1    .  •  >     il'iif.ii.inn. 

j..r    :ii.'.-       <■    "•!         "■    ^'-     '■     ""'    ^''..'"^     '■'    '"■ 

<  ■■  ,r,     .1,..  iM    I  I      .    '11^'  •'  ".  •     1"  '  •   ■  •  "    '•."  «'  "- 

iniiMi..  '  ■     i-Ml     'T    t.tu.l    ....    .1..-    -1i.-    ••'     'I    ;■  '    > 

I  ,,       ■      ,   .,  I,.'    ll.    li      ..■     «  1.  I       M  .     '  « 

-*-   1"  ■■    ',  ;       .  ..       ..>     !  ,   ,,.|..  .■    11. ..-I 

>•  "    ',    '  .  .  ,,.l...l    !  -■•'.-I    I     .■■•.. Iv 

|ii.im.l-     .     .   .1 

r....ir      ii(.    VI-. f     '"'I 

,|.,,  .    ..I  .  ,li.  .1  .iii'l  'I 

„.,.  -    ..;.,.i  .    .1  I 


Objections 

1 
Si/f— 5 


,».|     •       ml    .     ■•  w 

.  '  I.  .        II.    iilli 
.    !    III.!    !.   -v    •  !'.>) 
V.    I    !.  --    •!    ,-    ...i.- 


'■>■•■  . 


t    .1.1  iii.i' 


A>  tion  ,i'v'  Style—  i.      ^ 


.  >1.. 


(         itiit     -  1/r     :i\'    ' 


-I    \  M     MIK-     "I       I   VI   ►  I   I   I   M    I 


r.', 


ObjCCtiont  <liiiii-v.  ^l.'u  .i>A«,u>l  iih.%  riii<  m  ,  l..\\  iirri.mr. 
uj.Mlmy  "f  l»i»lniu  u.ilk  \  •.  i  iiiini;  nr.  .1  ..r  l.i/y  .ipprar- 
,iiu  I  ,   n<'t   •(, Hilling   i  m  i   .iimI   tiriii 

Condition — a.      Ilr.ihliv.    -km    .Ii.u     "l      lun,     -.  it.  -    :iih1    -.irr»; 

»"ll     .mil     lllrl!..U      I..     l!n      l.ll.ll        |1.      ll     till.         IMIlU      ill. I     "M      Itlil 
lll-i-     iftU    llllllp-      lll'l     \\':vl'.i-~  \^.^.t     -■    II     .lll'l     Ullt;     rl"-l     In 

Ii.hIv      H'  "  'it    ll  1  iliiik;    ■|ii,|iilii  ' 

Objections      luln^'ln        l,,ii  -..U.    (Mmklil      -..l.liv     -r    liir-h. 

llilil.iin     .      ■!    iuii-in     i1i.li,  1 lu  h    111    I   'f    liii      liiiu        llsir 

Imi    ll    .Its    111.  I   -1  iii.liin;  ii|.  l:     til  li.  '.U' ,  i r  1.  1  .|i  r-  ,  •Ir.iliii  •>. 

|..iili.i!    ..|    l-l.il. 

l)i«po«ition — 1.     !  'iiS,     <.i-i!v     iMfl!.!     .ini!     wi!ii!tit''v     kiii'l, 

t  ,      I       11  I.  .    i;.  i.  .i|     It  .    1  I  Itl.  Ml 

Obiectiona     i  n--,    -ninii-li     i .    i'.  --.   \v  M   ■  r  .  i'  a  \  ■  ■  'n     ""''i 
Symm«try  or  Adaptation   of   Pointi — 3       ' '"     n!  iitiii'  m      f   m'I 

tin     p.  iiil~.    -i/r   .mil    -l\lr   I  .'tiilMri  .1   1..   m.iUi    llii    ili-itnl   '  >  111' 
..r  Ml.  ..ll  1. 

CHESTER  WHITE 

C.-i',.    ,,f    (,,.,t.>        ,.1.1.1..:     In     ll.      .'^l.mlirl     (h.  -'.r     Wlilli- 

K'l  .  .    1.1        \      -...  Mil. .11 

r.  inil^ 

II.    ll        Hlij       I   lir  1 

I    M   - 

I     ,t-  J 

\  .  .  k 
|..vl 

--I1.    .      .1,1-  f' 

I     ll.      I  .  ' 

l:  I.  k  i.'.l   I  ■.■.,  I  ' 

Si. I.        .Ml     KM.  « 

KilU      ..■.!     I!>i:k  '• 

ll.iiti  .iM.!    K'-'M  >'> 

I   ..  ■      Til    I    .  .._  1" 

T.r  ' 

C.    It  i 

(■..i.i  =; 

Si/i-  .'^ 

\i-li-  11       ■  •!     ^I\   ■  » 

(  .  .mill  1.  11  I 


it 

i4 


n 


•i .  1 ,1 


I   o 


Disqualifications. 

I'urm      fpriulil   1  T-;   -111.!'   .  1  iniin  .1   .1..-I:  rriM~f  .11. tin. I   '•:irk 

I      i    ...il.r-     iii.I    ..vir    ;'.■    I..i.k.    .   m-mu;  .1    .li--.rf -1.  .11    i-.i-.i'v 

1.  1 1,  ,1      I.  .  1    1.1 .  'k  I  11    ll.  V  II    .-.ill-  11^'    I  111'  iiitii   I    111    '  >  alk    I'll 

;.i-iiMi    i"'!!!-.   ill  1'.  rini-.l   .  r   li.uliy  .!....ki  i;~. 

Si/f      I   '  iilT-.     .1    •■  .1   tw . .  ilti'  !-  '  "■  ..    ,  11    r  r    i.ji- 


ii 


■  I   »  Ml  %(ll>-.    •■(     I   \i   I  I  I  I    \i   I 


i      f 


f:l 


11  I 


Condition     ^in.iMrx    i  ii     .litcinuil    ^iti'ii^U   lU  i.iriiiiil,  li.im  n 

III  ^-      I-  l.il    lilm.tiu  ^,, 

Score     I  r«.  iliiii  •.l\l^    (•■iiiii, 
P«dii;re«     \'i'i  rlikjili'r  i.i  u.  ..nl 
Color      lUiik   '.r   -.iiulv   -!>■  !•  HI   li  iir 

Detailed  Desrrtpiion. 

Head  and  Face     ll<.nl  -li.ti   iml  \vi.t<    .  In  <  k    1...11  imt  ii'.t  i<>'< 

lull.   i.i«-  liiM.iil  aiiil   «lr.Mi>;.  |..riln  ii|   iiuiImiiii.   lui,-li   .iml   vni.I.- 

I     H  «•      -ll"tl      ai'll      »|ll'iii||i,      Willi-      lilllMlll      lllf      I    >  1    ■•  .      11. '»r      III   .ii 

.mil   LipcnnK   .I'xl   "liKlitly   ili~liril 

Objections  Mini  Imil-.  ii.\rr..x\  .ind  ,'...irM-,  f..rrliiMi|  |..w  .in', 
ii.irrii«  ;  ),i«  -  ikhIi  uli  i|  .iml  w  i  ik  \  ,f  f  I  iij'  n.ir  i .  ^  ,iiii| 
"If.iiglil.  II. '«i-  iii.ir-f.  (Iiiin«y-  r  lll^lll'll  liki-  .1    lUik^liirr. 

Eyca      I  .nrm-.     Iirik-lil,     (  li-.ir     .nil!     tni      jr. .in     urinkli'     <if     fil 

»itrf..iiii(lini;». 
Objections      Sin.ill,  ili  »  p  ..r  .i|>-iiirr:  M^nm   mii.,iirii|   in  .illv  «.iy 
Ears      Mriliiini    -i/r.   Ii..t    l....  lln.k;   ...||.   .ill.i.luil   |,.   i|i,    |i,  i,|    ,, . 

:i-  II. .t  I'.  !..k  i-|iiin-\  ;  |i.inliinj  (..rn.iril    iinl     litflilly  ..Hli\.iril 

fully   iiinlir   llir  ooiitr.il   i-f   llir   .iniin.il.  ami   .h  ■ ..  .imiy   v  .   .1 ,    i-i 

i;'M'    .1    i;i  uriiil    .i|>pi'ar.iiicf 

Objections      l.irnr,    iiprii;lil.    ....irM-;    iliiik:    r..i!n.l:    1...1    ..mill; 

ilri".|.iin;  I I..«i-  li.  till    1.1.  I  .  .itnm.il  n..|  In  Ml^  .iliU-  t.i  i.,|i. 

Ir.'l   tluni. 

Neck     Wi.lr.  ilii-p.  »li..rt    uiil  m.rlv  .ir.-li<  il 

Objections  I  i.mk.  ii.irr..\\  llim:  ll.it  ..n  l.p,  liiikt.l  lip,  not 
I  \li  inline;    .|. .«  11    1. .   In  .  ,1-1    I.,  .nr. 

Jowl  I'lill;  -nniiitli.  in. 11  .iml  tirin;  ririxim;  fiilint-.-  Ii.uk  l.i 
^li.iiliUr  an. I   lin^krt    «  In  n   tin    In  nl    1^   rartuii   up   Km  I 

Objections  In-lit;  l...  Iii^i-  .m.l  lliM.v  r..iii;li  ami  .In  ply 
\\riiikli.l,   m.t  r.-iriMiin  iiiilm^^  li,i,  U  I..   -Ii..iil(li'r  .iml  liii-.kit. 

Shoulder  I'.ri.iil.  ilnp  .iml  full.  rVi  ml.ni;  in  .1  ~lr.iii;lil  lini- 
u.lli    iln-   ^iilr.aml   rarrynii:   >i  •(■   il-  -,,11    ••.   Inn-   ..f  ln!ly 

Objections  N'.irn.w  .it  |..p  ..r  I.,  tt.in  ii..t  liiM  m.r  ^.mn-  ili  plli 
a-  I'.'ily;  cxlrmlin^;  ahi.w  Itiir  ..:  Ii;ii  k  .  -hi  M-  mi  Im.ii%  i..,. 
.    ',11  -I    .Hill   pr.  nniit  lit 

Chest  I  ;iri;-  .  .!i  ,  p  ,im|  r  i..inv  ».i  a^  ni.t  tuiianip  \ilal  .irn:in~; 
lull  111  14111I1  1:.  1,1. Ill  1!  .■  Iniri;  tin-  linast  li..iir  fxtrmlinn  |..r- 
uaril  -.1  1^  II.  ^1.1. u  h^'liily  111  !r..nt  ..f  lii>-..  ami  !.  1  .l-.wii 
-..  .1-  '.I  111-  i\i!i  nil!  Iiiii-  ,,\  lii'U.  -Inminif  .1  wiilih  ..1  m.t 
!.  -^  111. ill  r  111,  III-.  1,1  I  ,-,(-1  n  I'.-i.     .  ^«  1. 1'  a  lull  k;r..wii  I1..1;, 

Objectionb  N'arr..  .  p.n,  li.-,l  li.ii.  cirlli  li  -^  th.in  ll;inls  k'irfh: 
'■■'    !,i'     !i'f    i|..%Mi    l.ituii-ii    |..r.-    lii;-;    Im-.i-l     li..iir    rr..iikr<I 

.'1    1 :i..rt. 

Back  and  Loin  I'.aik  l.r  .ad  ■  n  l..p:  '■traiL'lit  ..r  -lii-lnlv'  anln-.l. 
iiiii|..riii  \\ii|;li  v,n...  ih;  u.-i  Ir.  .11  I'lmp,  ,.r  r..'K;  vli.ni.r 
tli;in  l..XMr  Si-llv  hin-.  «:ini.-  |i..-ht  .111. 1  wi.llii  .,t  -li.,nl,|,r 
.1-     ii     1    .1..      l...:i    Ullil-     :l-i|    fn'l 


'  I    V  MM  I.l'  Ml        1     .1    t    !    J    »    \.    i 


Ubjci'iiuna     l;.,k    i,,it..„     ,t..i-.  I    I....  I,      i     I |,l»r.,    -mi  fi-h 

-li.ii'i.l      liiiiii|.<.|         vN.iviil      !■         !  .lit'         t    liiiiipv    r  mI»      iii.».ii 
III   uiilili     I. .Ill   ti.ttiMH     ilri'ii    -I'l   ..f    liiiitii<ril 

Side*  and   Kib*     Siil<      lull,   ^t iji     ilrrii;  rtirviiK   "i"'   <I"mi> 

!••  I"  i   >      •  1  •  II    v»  i|  li   lilir  ••!    I1.1111    nil    •  I  ■•iiMi  r      I  ili^   I'liK.    "  «   I 
|iiiiMu  .ii   I"|'    iihI  ImiIIoiii.  uuMu   li'i;  ii   -'|Miii    I    rill 
Obicctions      llal;  tlun     ll.ilil.s      ,    .1  iprr  ^   ■  .1    ,1    I. oil  .III.   ^Iiiiiiik.  i> 
.1    >li..\lli|i  I  >    .iikI    Ii.iim.    IIIHMII    »iitl,ui       rili«   tilt    .111.1    t'Hi    'll.'ft 

Belly  and   Flank     S.uin    »i.lili    ■     li;i<  k .   lull,  in.ikti.t;  .1   -.ir.nKlii 

llCH        .1.     .1      ,|l  .   .|.|.||ly       1-      !..<»       .11       lllllk        |x        ,1      |M,lt..|||      ..(      ,    111    v|  In,,' 

.1   I.   v»  1  >    1  .It'i    run  II I  UK  |i  ii  illi  1   w  il  li   -nli  ^ ,  ll.iiik    lull   ami  ■  vi  11 
»  illl    Imm   > 

Objectiona     I'.itW    ii.irruM      (iiiiilnil.      suumt;    'ir    M.itili)  .    il.ink 

1 1. 1 11.  Ill,  1.1  il  n|i  1  ir  ilr.i»  II  in. 

Ham  and  Hump  ll.tin  lir...iil,  (ii!l  luiit',  vmIc  .i"..|  ,lrr|.;  .i.liint 
Imi;  1  I  ii..  -ivtlU.  'iiill.ili  lull.  II'  il  .iiul  iliaii.  llun  avcml- 
nil-'  ll.ililiiiii  -  -  -lillt  «ill  r..vii,l  «illi  til  ~li  iiii"l>  t.ipi  riiivj 
I'.n.ii.l-  111.  Ii..,  k  luMip  11..!!!)!  Ii.m  .1  'IikIiiU  r.Miii'liMK 
>-li.i|  r  11.  Ill  l.iii  I.,  r.  I  .■!  '.Ill  -.iiiu  wi.jtli  .11  li.irk.  iii:ikiiig 
.111  iM  11    lull    «  nil   -iiu  -. 

Objectiona  II  un-  M.irri.«  «li..il.  nut  tillr.l  mit  t.  ,tillr;  t<v> 
null  h  Illl  ii|i  III  .r.l.li  .  .r  Um^i,  ii"I  i.>iiiiiik;  il'Hti  t"  lll'^k^; 
liiili.ik-  ll.ililiv  .  ruiii|i  ll.it.  iiirrin\.  1..11  Imin.  t""  vlii|i, 
^li,ir|i    lit    prakiil    11    riMit   <>t    tail 

Lega  and  Feet      I  ii;~  .-IltI;  -ir.iii.'l'l     -it  «ill  a|>.irt  .nul  »i|iiari;y 

lll|.|.  1      |,...|>.     Ii..|lr     ..|      IT I     -'/<■.     tlllll.     w  f\]     lllll-i  U'lj       ui.li- 

ali.'ir   kiuc   mil   li..(k.  I'cli.u   km  I-  ami   li..ik   t.iiiiul   mil  1  ipi  r 
iiiw    1  iiaMiiin    iiiiiii.il   t.i   i.irrv    il-    wiiulil    willi   ".i->.    pa^lrip 
-li..rl    .mil    lu.irly    uprik'li'      liit    -Iprl.    tiriu,    I'mcli     iml    Itn- 
Iri'iu    ill  III  I  - 

Objectiona  1  ly-  tnn  -Imrl.  luiii;.  -!im,  rr..i.kril.  I  "  i  I'Mr-r. 
|....  ,  |.  -r  li.ijrtlnT.  «rik  rilii«ilr^  ali.'Vi-  lii.ik  mil  kmr.  Ii..iii- 
Lir^i'  .iml  1  ■  .ir~i-  \Mtl|..iil  l.ipii.  p.i-liiii-  |..ni;.  .r....ki.!  >liiii 
liki  .1  ilirr-.  I111..1',  li'ii^:  ~liiii.  Ml  ik;  t..i'-  'pri  a.liiii;.  I'l.'k.il 
i.r   lurm  il    up 

Tail  ''^iii.i'l .  -nuiiiili :  laiK-riiii; .  ml!  ^1  I  "U  ;  r.  ",i  -lik'lti'v  .  ■•,  1  mi 
u  Illl  ill  -Il .  I  .irtuil  111  .1  I  url 

Objections  ('...it-i-.  Inui...  i;imi-\.  -it  i-...  Imi'Ii  .r  |....  I..n; 
li.iii|.;iiii;  liki    .1  I'.pr. 

Coat  I'lm  :  -I'iuk'li'  ..r  uivv.  i\iii!\  ili-lnliuli  1  .lU.I  ■■.Miini; 
I  tic  li.uU    Mill,   nil  1  l\   1  lippi  il  ,    ..it-   n.i  i.lm  1  1 !.  .11 

Objectiona      I'.n-i'i        li.iir  i..ar-i-.  tlim     -  .hhI'Iii..   up.   i,..i   i-inily 

ill-ll  lIlUll   .1     .  'M    I       ill     .     I     I  111-    li.ih      1    \1  I    pt     ill      111   'i\ 

Color      \\  liili-   I  li'i!.    -put.-  ■  r  l.'.ii  k   -I  I  1  k-  111   -km   -Im',1  imI  iirurr 

nii;iini.v    nl    I'l I   1 

OhjectioiiH     I     '    ■'     ■•■>.    ■  'lilt    il   111    wli'lf 


•  I    «  »l>  tHI'"    4.»     I  \l   »  I  I  >    M    » 


H 


Sift      !    ifitr     |..r    iKi-    .,»,|    .mulil  i.ifi      Imar,    Iw.i    yr.if«  .lil     iiul 

■   ••!     if   III  U'>-«i  llr«li,  ahiiiilit  wriuh  mil    lr.»  ((un    wm  |i<iiuiil> 

vk     -.jini      ,i«i-    .111,1    ,  i.iii|i|i,,ii      ,„.(     I,..,     ||,,„     ,^,,  ||.i||iii|, 

I         '-     iM    Mil. nth.    ..Ill    III    ^^ I    Mr>ll    .li.iiil.l     uriidi  l|..|     !.••« 

'I     1'    ♦'»>   |...iiM.K        S.H,     IM*       M..,ir.    ij    iii..|tt|i.    .Ill  t|..|    I.  •• 

ill, II     i,«i   |M.iiii,|.       S,.»»     II*)       M..jr»     iikI    ...».    -ix  iii.iiiili« 

"'•'       i"l      '•  -•      lli.iii      I  «>     |,..iiii,U     1- 1.  h     .iitil     ..|l..  r  .inr.      IM 
|ir.i|...rii.  II 

Objections     f  )v<-rijf..»  n.   .-.ar-r     ii»„...iiili     lunl   I.,   (.ilirii 

Action   and   StyU      \.i,..n    .  i.y    .iii.l    ur.i.-.fnl,    .i>|.     iitr.n  iive; 

'"kJ'    '     f"  >il<-     HI   CI  .il,  .  I,  .ii.  I.  .   ,li,,iil,|  |„-  I,  .lilily   -• .  n  ,  ..iiiir 
.1     I  >  .ttn.iKi. 
'  tbjection*      ".-liifif.-li      .mkwir.l    !.«     ,.irri.»tfr;    iviIiIiSmk    w.ilk; 

i       III. I,,    i,,i-,l.  .    ,,..(    ,  ;i»ilv    -,,ii      II,. I    ,,|    ,.11111       I/I     ..r    1  .ir- 

I    1(^1.   .,r  ..Illy   .,|t,'   ,|i,iMini| 

Condition      lit  iMi\     .km   ■  Var   .m.l   liriulit     frrr   fr.nn   ..  iirf  .in<| 

•"-      »!• -li    till!     .Mill    iiii|l..v\     1..    ill,     I. .lull      ,\.iily     I. II. I    ..11 
.111.1    till     fr.iii    liiiiiiiK.    KM., I    ti-rilini;    .|ii.ililu». 

Objection*  1  nli,  ililu  ;  .km  1  ,!\  .,  ilil.y  t  li.irOi.  llc-li  tiiiiiiiy 
'■<  il.ilihv  hail  h.ir-li,  ly  ,ii..|  «l  iii.liny  u|i  Ir.iii  li...|y  i)....r 
1. 1  •!.  r- .  l.il.il  ill  .iiii('«« 

Dt<>|>oailion     ijm.  i      uinil,      m,!    i-,i«ilv    h.inilli-il      with    aintiilion 

'    M-  .1    I'  h     1..    |.  ...k     ..III     |,  ,r     !  lulH^rlM  »    it     IK  «lt  t  I  I'll. 

Objections     (  r..-,,   i,    il,-.«;   ,,,,.,1,^   ,,r   wU\,   ii.i  .iiiil,iii,,n 


N.-.  .  rl 

II  1-1    I        111. I       ll.T 

I     M    - 

I    .11- 

\..k 

,|..v«l 

^h..iili|rr- 
I   In  «l 

I  ■  Ilk     .111. I     I    ■  .|M 
"Mill-     .111.1     IM.. 

I'.'    'y    iiinl  I  '.ink 

II  iiii«   .111.1  kiiiii|. 
I  I  H'     .111.1  I  .  .  I 
1,1,1 

I  ...it 
«  ..|..r 
Si/i- 

\rll..M        ml      S|\|, 
I   ..II. I   I  1     '1 
I  )iv|.ii»il     III 


DUROCJERSEY. 

■''     I'.iiil-     .i.|..|.i..|     li\      ill,-      \,ii,-ri.   Ill     hiir.n-  Jrr-i-y 


{'.iiiiii* 
4 

J 
J 

a 

3 

t% 
\i 
i.i 

M 
(> 

III 

lO 

I 

2 

2 

5 
« 
4 
,t 


■I..1.1I 


IIIO 


'I      I  \t  I  I  t  t  \l  t 


&• 


DitqualiAcation* 

form  \  »t*  iI.iikIiiiu  ir<il  >iii,ill  •r.iiii|iii|  .  Ill  •!  iiiil  t  n  .i-r 
)>«■  l>  1.)  %li..iiM.  •  -  iiiil  ..»<r  lii»i  li  •'•  1"  !'■  .  jii'i-  .t  i|«|ift--i"M 
in  llir  Imi  W  i.i>i.y  iMilint.  .iritni.l>  ilil  .rimi)  U-u-.  ■•r  ti.flly 
l>ri>lirll   i|>>Mli    It  >  I 

8i(«      \  iry    •mil!     ■■r    ii"l    t\Milliir<U    I'irur    ciMiiitfli   4<   k;iN<<>   I'y 

'lir     I  iinl.iiil 
Scort      I  r->   r  li.iii   liM  v   ihhiI  < 
Pcdiitrt*     Ni.i  liiKil.l.    |m  t,,.,ril 

Dttailtd  Dncrtplion. 

Head    and    Kai*     lli.i.l    •iii.tii    :i.    |ir'i|>"iii.'ii    i.i    ,i/<    -i    Ii'hIv 

w  iilr    Itt  I  v\  t  t  II    1^1^       I  It  I     11 1>  t  '  >     ili-lii  «l     *  iln  'ti  I     It      t     \'i  ,1  %     !»• 
I      I  I  II    .1     l'"'ii>(l   (   lull  I    .III. I      I     llirk>liiril      Hill    I     pitiiiu     vM  II 
il  i«ii   111  lln    I1.1M-,      iirl.ii  I     -iii'i.lli   .iiiil   ikiii 
Objection*      I  arm     .ni.l    inii^r      ii.iirms    lirtwnn    llir    <>r^.    (at  r 
'li.HU'il     iiiH'Wi.l   ii'.-t.  .  f    I'M'   niiu  II  ili'liril 

Kyf     t  iM  i>     l>rit(lii   .iiiil  |ir<  iiiiiiii  III 
Objtctiona     Dun    »>.iV,  .iml  ..li^nin 

Ear*  MiiImiiii  mn'lir  ilrU  iIimi  iiiiiliiiht  hrwinl  il  >Kt  in\  :iri| 
.iml  "hk'litU  iiiiiu.iil  >.trr>iiiu  .t  ilittlil  iniv>  ,iit.i<lii<l  I'l 
III  jil   Ml)    iit'itlly 

Objecliona  V'lrv  lirjii  m.irlv  i  niiiil  i  i.i  iln.  k  -r\ 'iiiiiiik'  "' 
il.ililn  111.!  ..I  »,iiiif  ■.!/■.  tjilli  fi  111  ji'  -111  '11  .iiiil  II  I  iiiiili  r 
ii'tilriil  iif  iiiiiin.il. 

Neck      S1|,,||     tlii.k   ml   wry   ili  ip  .iinl   -liijl.ilv    inliini! 
Objcctiont      I  "Hu.   -IiiII..u    .ni.l   tlmi 

Jowl      Mr. 1.1.1     I'll!!  ,111. 1    111  It      1  .irrvniu    liillin--    Im.  1.    !■■    i".  iil     ■( 

^In  iii|i|<  I  »   ,4iiil  HI    1    1  Hc    «illi   liri.i-l   li.iiii 

Objections       I'll'  l.irui  ,      liM.-i      .111.1      ll.ililiv        -iM.ill       llmi       111(1 

\«  I'llkiiiik: 

Shoulder*  M.'.ln.ilrU  lir...iil  v.t\  i|.  i  |.  iml  lii'l;  i-irnii  ; 
I  111.  km  ->    "ill   ili.w  II   .111.1    II'  •!    I  Ml  111  III  in    .ill-  ^  <■    I  llir    •  ■!    Ii.ii  k 

Objection*      ""^inill     llmi.    ■.Ii.ill'.w.   .MiihIihi;  .iIi..m    Inn    "t    \<.\\ 

I'll. .11-   mull  r  "111    vr.ir  'iM   lu.ni'v    -Imiiliil 
Che*t      I  .irur.    MTV    ilii-!.      hllr.l    ml!    I.ilini.l    OlhiLIu-      l-ra-t 

li-.m-   rxlciiilin^;    wil!    Inrw.iril    -•■   .i-    t'   I"     r.   i-lily    -•  <  n 
Objections     llii.  ^Ii.illmv    ..r  ii"i  •  \ti  luliij   ui'l  .l.iwii  Ih'Ivmiii 

l.irr    \iH- 
Back    and    Loin       r..i.  k    iinilniiii    m    l.ri   nlil,.    -linulit    i.r    ■.hi.'lil'v 

.ir.liiin;.    ..iiTMiik;    i  M  ii    «iillli    Ir.'iii    »li..iil.|ir    t..    Ii.iiii.    -uri.i,  i 

I  \  1  n  .iiiil  Mii'iiilli 
Objectionil      \:irr..«         iri;i-r      liilnti.l       -I |i|i  i     .       ^u.imiI      .r 

liiiin|.i  il  li.u  k 
Side*     and     Rib*      ^'•iil.  -      -..Ty     il.fi         in.ilnur.      m     !.iiv:ili,      '<\ 

luluiiii    -li.i|l!.lrr--    .-111. I    li.iiii-    :iii   •    r    iryiiiL-    "ill    lull    ilmMi    1" 


.f 


■Hi' 


m^^^Jsmi^'t'A 


MiaOCOfY   RISOIUTION   TI$T   CHART 

lANSi  ond  ISO  TEST  CHART  No    2l 


1^  1 2  8      I  2.5 
■  2.2 


I.I 


32 

36 

"    12.0 


1:25    i  1.4 


1.8 


1.6 


^     APPLIED  INA^GE 


''^'-'^    tj-it    Mo."    5tr«i 

«ot^-e5ler,    Ne*    rorw  U609        uSA 

(•'16)    *82  -  OiOO  -   Phof># 

{'16)    288  ■    ^989  -  fa» 


:„-^^iJ:i^J%,if«lS,j,Sai^ 


^Syiijfc,.' ---?>•■ 


11 


cu 


M    \M1  \li|l^    <>1      I    M    11    I    I    M    I 


ii 

I  ^  \ 

In  i 


If 


ir^ 


i 

u 

i  i 


liiu-  of  licUy.      Kit)-   l"ii'-'.   -lr..|in  :nfl   -i.rimi;   m   l>r..(^  irlnm  |.. 

wiillh  iif  >liiiiililcr?i  and  haiii'. 
Objections      l"laM>y.   (  rca-c.l,    s|i;ill,,u.   and   n.n    i-arry  uk    iimpcr 

vMcltli    irnin   top   to  biilliini. 
Belly  and  Flank     Strai«lit  and  full  and  carrying,'  \m!1  "ut  to  liiir 

ul  Md'.>.      I'lank  well  down  to  IovmT  Imi'  oi  «idf^. 
Objections      Narrow;  Inckcil  up  or  drawn  in;  -afjijinn  or  llal)l>y. 

Hams  and  Rump-   I'.rnad.   fnll  and  wril  lit  down   to  the  Inu-k; 

Imlloik  mil  and  lonnns;  nearly  doun  and  lillinK  lull  hotwi'vn 

liock^.     Kinni.  -lionld   Ik'.vo  a   rotnid   si, .p..  ironi  loin  to  root 

of  tail;  >anic  width  a>  l)ack  and  well  tdk-d  ovil  around  tail. 
Objections— Hani  narrow;  -hort;  tliin;  ik^I  proirctinur  well  down 

to  hock;  cut   up   too  hi^h   m   crotch.     Kunip   n;irrow;   tlat   or 

jjcakod  at  root  of  tail;  too  -tccp. 
Legs  and   Feet— Mc.Iium      ■^i/c     and      K-nwtli;      -.traisht;      nicely 

tapered;    wide   apart    and    well    >et    under   I  lie    l)o<ly;   pasterns 

short  and  strung       I'eet   short,  tirni  and  tough. 
Objections-    lops   extremely   Ions,   or   very   short;    slim;   coarse; 

crooked;    le^'s    as    larK>'    lielow    knee    and    hock    as    above:    -el 

too   close   tonelher;    hocks    lurned    m    or    out    of    straight    line 

Feet,  hoofs  long;  slim  and  weak;  toes  spreading  or  crooked. 
Tail— Medium;    large    at    base    and    nieely    tapering    and    rather 

bushy  at  end. 
Objections— Extremely  heavy;  too  long  and  ropy. 
Coat     Moderately  thick  and  tine;  straight,  smooth  and  covering 

the  body  well. 
Objections-  'l"oo   many   bn-tles;   h.-iir   c-arse,   harsh   and    rough; 

wavy  or  curly;  swirls;  or  not  evenly  hud  over  the  body. 
Color—Cherry  red   without   other  admixtures. 
Objections— X'erv  dark  red  or  -hading  brown;  very  pale  or  lighl 

red;    black    spots    o\er    the   body;   black   tlccks    on    belly    and 

legs   not    desired   but    admi--aliie. 
Size    -Large   for   age   and    condition.     IViars   two   years   f)ld   and 

over  slionld   weigh  600  pound-;  -ow   same  age     "d  condition. 

500    pounds.      Boar    eighteen    miuiih-.   A7S    V'        ''■    -"\^-   4™' 

iioiiuds.      i'.oar  1-'  months.   ^50  pounds;  -ou-,  ,?n<i  pounds.    Hoar 

and   sow   pigs   six   months.    T?o  p<iiinds.     The   figures   are   for 

animals   m  a   fair  show   condition. 
Objections— Rough  and  coarse  and  lacking  in   feeding  (lualities 
Action   and   Style  -  .Vet ion    vigorous    and    animale.l.     Style    free 

and   easy. 
Objections—Dull    (U-   stupid;   aukw.ird    and   wabbling.      In   boars 

testicles    not    easily   seen    luT   of   same    size   or   carriage;   too 

large   or  only   one  showing. 
Condition-    I  leahhv;    skin     free    from     scurf,    scales,  ^  sores    an'' 

mange;    lle-h   e\ci'iy    :ai<i    o\er   the   enhre   iH.iiy    .md    In,     :!■ 

any  lumps. 


■f 

J 

It 


»l  AMI  Mill'     III       I    M   M   1  IM    I 


t,  I 


Objections  Inluaiiliy ;  .oul>;  ~.al.v;  -..r.-.;  n,n..u.-.  '""'•'' 
lor  t.rr.Mn.^  luuiii-i- .  lun  Ikh-Ii  ami  -taiulitiK  ny .  punr 
fiiilcr^. 

Dis^HJsition     Xcry  mmu  t   ami  K't'lU-;  >^i^iiy   liandlod  -r  driven. 

Objections-Wild,  'uhui-  it  -.iiiMinrii 

VICTORIA. 
Seal.-    'It    |io;ntn    adiipl-M    I'V    tlu'     \  utoria    Sumo    llrccdcr- 

A-"'-^-'t'"".  (■,,„„,. 

Color     Wlnti.  with  n,-.-a.iMMal  dark  hm.i,  in   the  vUi„ 

Head-   Small,   lir-ad.   ami    la>c    midimu   dislu-.l 

Ears   -I  ■■  I  no,   iiniminw    fnruanl 

Jowl   -Mo. 1mm   -i/o  .nid   m  at 

Neck-  Slinrt.    full    and    well    aroliod 

Shoulders      r.n.ad    and    di  ip 

Girth  Around  Heart 

Eack-StraiK'lit.    limad    and    Uvi  1 

SJdes^Doop    ami    full 

Ribs  -Woll    >i>innK' 

Loin—liriiad   and    -lrlln^; 

Flank- \V I'll    Ut    d-wn 

Ham-  Hrnad,    fnll   and    docii.    ualmnt    l-.-o    lat 

Tail— Modiiim     fmo    and    .uviod 

Legs— i'lnc     and     '•trai^'lit 

Feet— Small  •        r  '.    ■  .i 

Hair— I'ino  and  >ill<y.  Iroo  fnim  liri>tlo- 

Action— '-".a-v   and   k'raootnl  ■ 

Symmetry-Adaptatiiin  nt  tho  s.voral  part^  i-  oaoh  otlu-r 


Total 


.\ 

I 
.1 

(i 

!  J 
() 

" 

!-■ 
I  -' 

^ 

4 

III 

no 


Detailed   Description. 


Color-White,  with  occa-nmal  dark  -l-ts  In  the  skin. 
Head    and    Face     Head    rather    sn,all     md    t.oat.   I'aco    modmm 
,l,~lud   and   >m.ii.th;   wide   hetueon   eye.;   tai-ermK   imm   eyes 

Eyes-'Modinni     m^o:     pnm.inont,    hnu-ht;     eloar    and    lively    in 

y.iuiiK    and  ijmet  o\pre--iiin  m  a^od  anmiaU. 
Ears     Small     thin.    fine,    -ilky:    nprijlht    m    yminj;   pifis,   pointing 

foruard  and  -linhllv  ontward   m  at;od  aiiimaK. 
Neck    Medi.mi  xvlde.  deep,  ~hort.   .^r\]  arched,  and  full  at  top. 
Jowl  Medium    fnll,    nicely    rounded,   neat    and    tree   from    louse. 

Shoulders    'liroad,  deep  and   lull,  not   higher  than   line  of  hack. 

aiul  a-  wide  as  top  of  hack  ,    ,      ,       r 

Chest     T.arse,  wide,  deep  and   roomy,  with  larRO  pirth  hack   ot 

Back'a'nd^Loin-Hroad,    strai^-ht.    or    slightly   •''^^1^^'';,,  ""y;"« 
.anie   w-lth    from    shoulders,  to  Jiam ;    level    and    lull    at    hun, 


■^  1 1  Li  1 1 1  I  >      i  I  i  i^  !  ■-  C : 


:t    ii:l>   ^h:\\: 


in 


I  ( 

( 


1  i 

I   i 

ri 


ri 


IS  '   i 


I 

;    i 
I   • 


62  sr.^^llAlll)^  111    i  si  ^.l,l  ►  >i  i 

Ribs  and  Sides-  l<il)s  \mI1  ^iirmiK  .ii  t'>|i:  vtri^nn  and  tirrn;  «iilis 
ilrcii.  lull,   smiioili  mill  tiriii;  frfc  iri.iii  criaso. 

Belly  and  Flank  Wide;  straight  ami  full;  a-  low  ur  sIik1ii1> 
|..«ir  at  llaiik  thati  al  clu-t       |-lank  hill  aiul  tuarly  fvcn  uitli 

Milo,. 

Hams  and   Rump     Hams  luni?;  full  ami   wiilc;  iiiifly  rouiuKil. 
trim  ami  fr»c  tfim  \'nfv  lai.     l!ult"tk>  larK'f  ami  full;  naili- 
iii^r  well  iliiwn   to   hmk^.      kiimp  -.liKlitly  sloped   frnm  end  nf 
loin  to  root  of  tail. 

Legs  and  Feet  — I. e^-*  sluirt;  <ct  will  apart  and  firm;  wide  aliovc 
knrc  and  liook,  tapi  tmik  lii'liK\.  |\it  firm  and  standing 
uoll  tip  on  too. 

Tail     -Small;  fiiio  and  taptritiK;  nici-ly     itrlid. 

Coat — I'iiK-  and  silky;  tvcidy  coviring  the  l)ody. 

Size — Moars  two  years  old  ami  over  when  in  (.{""d  condition 
slionld  \vei«li  not  less  than  SOO  p  u-nds;  sow  same  a^e  and 
eontlition.  450  ponmls.  Hoars  twelve  months  old  not  less 
than  ,(Oo  pounds:  sows  in  kooiI  tlesh  MX>  pounds.  I'igs  5  to 
(1  months  old,  140  to  kki  pounds. 

Action — Kasy  and  uraeeful,  hut  ipiiet. 

Condition     Healthy;  skin  elean,  and  white  or  pink  in  color;  free 

from  scurf;  tlesh  firm  and  c\enly  laid  on. 
Disposition— Quiet  and  gentle. 

Disqualifications, 

Color-  Other  than  white  or  ircatny  -vhite.  with  occasional  dark 
spots  in  skin. 

Form-  Irookeil  jaws  of  defornied  face;  crooked  or  deformed 
le^rs;  lar^;e,  coarse,  drooping  cars. 

Condition — I'.xcessive  fatness;  harrenness;  deformity  in  any  part 

of  the  tiody. 
Pedigree— Not  eliK'iMc  fi^r  record. 

CHESHIRE. 

Standard   of   excellence   ar.d   scale   of   jioints   adopted   hy   the 
Cheshire   Swine   Breeders'  .Association. 

Counts 

1.  Head     Short   to   medium   in   length,   short   in   proportion 

to    Kngth    of    holly  S 

2.  Face     Sonifwliat   di-lud  and   ui.ii.    lieiween  the  eyes  8 
.V     Jowl      Mfdiunt     ill     fullness  ^ 

4.  Ears     Small,  tine,  erect,  and  in  old  anmial.s  -lightly  point- 

in^'    for.'.ard .  :; 

5,  Neck     SliMii    ;m(l    hroad \ 

(y     Shoulders      I'.voad.  full  and  deep                             6 

7      Girth    Around    Heart  R 

8.      Back      l.ong.  hroad   and   stra'ight   marly  to  root   of  tail  in 

0.      Sides-    Heep  and   full;  nearly  straight   on  lioitoin   liiip  7 

10      Flank      Well    li.ick    and    hnv    down,    in.ikiiig    (lank    girth 

111  ;ir!y    niual    to   luart    uirtli  j 


.  f^K^iff^im^^i^i^^'^fir^^^^^^^w^z 


M  AMi.\l«>-'    Ol      I  \l  III  IM  K  63 

II.      Haras      Tifiad  aiid  nearly  slrai^;lit  willi  hark  and  nniniiiK 

uill    dii«n    luMard-.    Imik  lo 

ij      Legs     Small   and    -Imi,   Mt   will   apart,   -uppurtiiitj   h'pdy 

well    nil    Inc-  lO 

I,!.     Tail     Small,   slim   and   lapiTiii^;  ..  ,i 

I  I.     Hair     line  nu'dmin  in  tlin-kiif.s  and   rpiaiuity  3 

15.     Color  White,   any   I'dorcd    hairs   to   disi|iialiiy  J 

Id.     Skin     I'uif   am!    plialilc,    •iiiiall    Mm.'    -puis   nlij.i  ticiiiaMe 

lull     alhnvalilf  ,\ 

17.  Symmetry — Ammal  well  propnrtiDiicd.  liaiKlsinnc.  and 
stylish,  and  when  KrmMi  and  well  faltrtu'd  slinnld 
dress  from  400  tn  (xm  pounds S 

Total    .      - no 

HAMPSHIRE. 

Stamlanl     if  prrfei-tion  adopted  liy  tlic    Xinerican   Hampshire 
Swine    Kecord    .Xssnciation. 

Disqualifications. 

Color     Spi>tted  or   more  than   tuo-thirds   white. 
Form--.\ny  radieal  delornuty,  ears  very  larKi'  '>r  droopintf  over 
eyes,  crooked  or  weak  le^s  or  broken  dowi:  fei  t 

Condition  — .'criously  impaired  or  diseased,  cxces-  ve  >jrossnrs~. 

Ii.irrenness    in    animal-,    over    two    years    of    a^e.    cliufTy    or 

scpiahhy    fat. 
Size  -Not  tw<i-lliirds  standard   weight. 
Pedigree— Not  eligible  to  record. 

Detailed  Descripvion. 

1.  Head   and   Face    -Mead    medium    len«tli.    rather   narrow, 

cheeks  not  full;  face  nearly  straiRhl  and  medium  width 
lietweeii   the  eyes,  surface  e\  en  and  reniilar  4 

Objections— Head  large,  coarse  and  ridRv;  nose  crocked 
or  much  dished. 

2.  Eyes-   Rri^lit   and   lively,   free   from    wrinkles   ,  .r   f;it    ^iir- 

roundiiiKs  .  2 

Objections— .Small,   deep   or  I'h-cure.   or   virion   imp.iircd 
liy  fat  or  other  caii>c. 

.?.      Elars— Medium    lenijth.    thin,    slijjlitly    inclined    outward 

and    I'oruanl  2 

Objections-    lartje,   coarse,    thick.   l;irge   or   lonn   kiiuck. 
drooping  or  not   under  good  control  nf  the  animal. 

,(.     Neck — Short,    well    sit    to    the    shoulders,    taiieriii).;    from 

shoulder    to    heail  2 

Objections — Long,  thick  or  bulky. 

?,     Jowl    -Light    iiid   tapering  from   neck  to  point,   neat   and 

I". . . . ,  -. 

Objections-   Large,  broad.  dc<  p,   or   dabby. 


j^^^^^:^' 


■r^m^^ 


■  f 


)'•  I 


•1  A  MiAIMr 


>1      I   \l   I  I  I  I  M   I 


t  '? 

1:1 


1 


(>.      Shoulders      Dicp.  tiirilnnn  vwllli  aiul  I'lilliu--.  urll  m  line 

Objections  Narr..u  ..n  ti.p  ,,r  li..tt.im,  tliirk  licy.iii.l  line 
\\  11  li    >iilr»   .iMil    haul'. 

7.      Chest      I. arm'.    (Iii-|i    aiul    rnniny;     full     uirtli;    rvltiidiliK: 

cl.iuii  <M  II   uitli  line  III  lielly  i_' 

Objections'  Narmw  at  tup  nr  b.itl.iin.  sinall  ^irlli. 
iraiiipi'ii  cr  tiukiil  up 

"  Back  and  Loin— Maik  -trai»jlit  nr  -.li«litly  anluil;  iiu- 
(liimi  lirtadlli.  willi  iirarli  iiniforiii  i  liirknis*.  frmn 
sIi(iii1(Ut>  til  liaiiis  avd  I'till  at  l'..is;  -■  mii'l  iiiu-^  liiiflu-r 
at    hips   than   at    shmihicr^  15 

Objections— N'arrnw.  rrins,(|  nr  itrnnpfil  lichiml  --hi'iilil- 
cr-;  -iirtaic  ruljjy  nr  iiiuvi'ii 

I)  Sides  and  Ribs-  Sides  full,  -innnth,  tinn;  cirry  -\/p 
fM'iily  fnnii  -hi.iddcr^  In  liam-:  rili^.  strmitr.  .m  II 
spriiiiK   at    I'lp   ami    liiitt"tii  H 

Objections— Sidfs  thin,  llat,  fl.ililiy  nr  erra^cd,  ..r  rili-  n"t 
Ufll   -pri|n^;. 

ro.     Belly  and  Flank-  Siraii-ht  and  full  di\.id    ^f  i;i  i^-nc^-. ; 

flank   iuV  and.  rnnnniK   iifarly  "n   luu-   v\illi   »i(U'>  6 

Objections—  Melly  <a({KinK  nr  tlaldiy;  dank  thin  nr  tinkid 

lip. 

II.     Hams    and    Rump — Hanw    nf    incdinin    width,    huitr    and 

(k-e|i;  ritinp  ■iliyhtly  innndcd  from  l"in  t.i  rout  if  l.nl: 

lintt'ifk  full  and  lu-at  aiul  tirm,  dcMud  nf  llnldiino-  nr 

excosivc    fat  .  10 

ObjectionsHani  narmw  ;  cut  tnn  Iniili  in  i-rntc!i.  bul- 
tni  k  llaliliy;  rump  Inn  llal.  tnn  narmw  nr  t<Mi  stci-p.  or 
pfakid  at  runt  nf  tail. 

IJ.  Legs  and  Fcet~I.(H';  Tncdinm  li  iiKth.  ^rt  well  a|iart  and 
M|iiarily  under  lindy.  uidc  almM'  kmc  and  hnck  and 
rnnndfd  and  well  niii-.i-lfd  hilnw.  laprrinn:  Imnc  mc- 
dinm.  pa-terns  >-hnrt  and  ne;irly  iijiritrht.  tncs  slmrt  and 
firm,  enabling  the  aiiim.il  to  carry  its  weight  with  ease   10 

Objections-  -I. eiT''  too  Innp.  s|im^  crooked,  coarse  or 
slmrt;  Hr:ik  muscles  al)o\c  Imck  and  knee  Imnc.  larRC 
and  coar>e  U'ljs  withniit  taper:  iiasteriis  tm-  Inni;  to 
eorre-pnnd  with  length  nf  Uv'.  tnn  crnoked  nr  too 
slender:  feet  Inuir.  slim  and  weak;  tnps  sprcadin^r,  tmi 
'nnp.  crnoked  nr  turned  up. 

I.!.     Tail     Medium    lenijth,    sli^rhtly    rurh  d  i 

Objections  Cnarse,  !nn>;,  rluiii-y,  -•,■,  iu^^-in;;  like  a  pen 
diiliim. 

I  |.     Coat     I"iiie,   ■.traiv;ht.   sinnotli 2 

Objections      Urivlle-  nr  swirN.  cnarse  nr  curly. 

1.^.      Color      iliiu'is.    w'lii    evceplinn    ni    white    iieit    eiieirciinp 

the   Imdy.   including  fnre    leijs _.     3 


'  «SETEr&2Vi«;aE(BiK'^- 


i;iii'^''iiietSsgsffM. 


K  I  .\  MiAiin 


1 1       I  M  I  I  I  I   \  <  t 


Objections      VNlult    nminny  Inuli  .mi  Inn. I   \ftl^  "f  pvlrii.^ 
iMK  iii'in  ill. in  iiiii   i.'iirili  UiikUi  wI  Ixoly,  it  ^mIkI  black. 

I'l  Siie  I.ark't'  I'T  ri.iicliii'iii;  \>nnr  iwn  year.*  ..Id  .iii'l  >>vrr, 
15<),  stnv,  »anir  a«<'.  l'«>.  <  iKlitmi  lii'ilitli^  li.'.ir,  150. 
M>u,  ,\j?;  twilvc  nioiiili^  lioar  or  -..w,  Jfxi;  si\  iiiniillis 
bi.tli    scxt'-,     1  40  ■'^ 

17      Action  and  F'.yle      \rtiv<-.   \  ii.'"r..ii-.  <|iiick  an. I   «ratefiil; 

••Ijlf  attraitivf   and   spirited  4 

Objectionf-    Dull.   -liik'«i-li   ;>>>d   rlnmsy. 
i^.     Cond'  ion-   llrallliy.    -Ivin    ircf    from    all    dcfpcK.    llo  di 
ivmiy   l.iid   ..n   and   «mo..lli   .md   firm,  not    palcliy.   .111. 1 
d.void  of  all  ixci-s-  ol'  K'ro'>nt>s         * 

Objections- -SKni     M-nrty,    «..ily.    niatiKy    or    oilicrwi-e 
nnliallliy.     liair     liar^li;     duart    I     or     crampiil;     ii.pt 
jjrowtliy. 
I').      Disposition     DnciU-,   finitt   and  ca'-ily  liali.lliil  i 

Objections — Cro>^,  rt'>tli~~,  \ui..ii^  or  uilli  no  air.tiition. 

MIDDLE  WHITE. 

Standard  of  rxcdl.nrc  :u|..i.fd  I'y  llic  National  TiR  I'.r.rdcr -' 
N^Nociation  of  Great   I'.ritain. 

Color— VVliitc,  free  fr.mi  l>laik  liair*.  and  l)hie  vpot-  on  tlu-  -km. 
Head-Mo.lcratcly   ^liort.    fan-   di<lu-d.    >iiont    liroad    ant    turned 

n|>.  jowl  full,  wide  l)etwccn  the  ear>*. 
Ears    -I'"airly   large,   carried  ereet   and    fringed    with   tuio   hair. 
Neck-Mediimi  leiiK'tli,  proi-orlionately  full  to  the  sh..ul.ler>. 
Chest— Wide  and  dec]'. 
Shoulders     T.evrt    across    the    t..p.    moderately    wid.-.    free    from 

coarseness. 
Leg     Straight  ami  well   set.  level  with  ontMile  of  the  hody   with 

tine  bone. 
Pasterns — Short  and  sprinRy. 
Feet  —Strong,  even  and  wide. 
Back—long,  level  and  wide  from  rump. 
Loin    -P.road. 
Tail     Set   high,  moderate  length,  but   n..t  coarse,  with  tassel  of 

tine  hair. 
Sides— Deep. 
Ribs— Well  sprunR. 

Belly— Full,  but  not  flabby  and  straight  underline. 
Flank— Thick  and  well  let  down. 
Quarters— l.ong  and  wide. 
Hams— Uro-;,!,  (-.-.V.  ■.:•.'.■.]  <!eep  <•>  h..cks. 
Coat  — long,   fine  and   -ilky. 


:.j^-c^.w^m> 


:i,f-^',,i&iL^ 


fit! 


»l  .V\|>Alll>«   III     l.\l  I.I  1  t..\»  I. 


'  J    i 

I 


> 
I 


Action     I  irm  and  fm. 
Skin     liiK-  .iiiil  i|iiitf  Irif  (rum  wrinkle*. 

Obj«ction«-- Itl.i.k    li,iir«.   Iihn  k   i.r   Mm-   <|i<it«.   m   rnar«f   mane, 
iii-bcnt  knff>,  li..|l,iwiu>»  n|  slmulilir^,  «riiikl«il  ■>km. 

LARGE  BL/CK  PIG. 

State  <if  |i.imi<  ai|i>|>tc<l  by  t.       I.arK<-    I'.l  i>  k    I'm  Sm  icty   m 
Great    Itrilam. 

I'miiiI- 
Hccd      Mnliiiin   IriiKth   and   \Milc   lut\M'<n   tin-   f.ir^  5 

Ears     I.oiiK'.  thin,  ami  indnu-il   «ill  nxcr  llic  fai-c  (1 

Jowl — Mi-iliiim    si/i-  ,. ,.,..  5 

Neck    -I 'airly   lnm;.   .m,!   iniiM-iil.ir  ..  ^ 

Chest     Wide  and   dtep  ^ 

Shoulders     ()l)lii|ni'.   with   narrnw    |ilalr  6 

Back      !  miK    and     livil     in^iiiK    a     liltic    |..    .  cnti  r    ..i'    link 

II' it   iibjt'ctcd   !■■) 
Sidet— A'ory   ilcip 
Ribs— Well  spmnK 
Loin- -Ilniad 

Quarters     I-nnu.   wide,  and  mil   drii..|iin^r 
Hams     I.arKc.  and  well   tilled  tn  hi)i-k> 
Tail-  -Sot   hiKh,  and  not  loar^c 
Legs     Sh'irt    and    ^iraiKlit 
Belly  and  Flank  -Thick  and   mil  Idled 
Skin-  I'lni-  and   suit 
Coat-   Moderate  c|iiantity  of  ^irainht,  -.ilky  hair 

Total 

Objections. 

Head    -N'arrow   forehead,  or  "dished"  nose. 
Ears      Thick.  coar>e,  or   (iricked. 
Coat — Coarse  or  curly;  liri-tly  nianc. 

Di«qualifications. 

Color— Any  other  ih.in  black. 


i  J 
10 
5 
5 
8 
.  in 
.\ 
5 
S 

A 

I 

100 


SMALL  YORKSHIRE. 

Description    and    scale    of    points    adopted    by    the    .American 
Yorkshire  (,'lub. 

I'oini ^ 
I.     General   Outline-  Wide   and   deep   in   proportif)n    to   the 
iiiiLjlii.    straii-lit    .ihovc   and    below,   and    short    in    head 
neck.  Iiodv  .ind  limbs  ...     ^ 


r*^  "^au,'  ^j^iktMS^iJL^iSmviiiifBvem^siesxgK^.^^ "  ^>>-^'-w  .i-^»«'*WTRf3«iPW 


Ml  AMlAlilW     Itl      ►  \1  Kl  I  ►,\l  ». 


fit 


Outlint  of   Head     SIi'ti.  .il>ni|>i    iiulitniiu  ti    fmr.    mil 
|M-,t.,(il    .i|    iiiiit  h   ih-li   .mil   il'iw  in\  aril    •.|pr(i)u   timlir 

ilu-    |.iw-  .  4 

?      Forehead  and  Poll     \V  uh-  __._     I 

I.     Eye     Miihiiin  ^wv,  I'l  ,ir  .hhI  liriitiit  i 

^      Jowl      I  arkfi,   •.mi'"tli   .in  I     arruil   well    liaik   t<>«ari|   tlir 

llllk  I 

'i      Snout     ^^liiiri.  iitriiinv!  ii|>«.iri|  «oiiirw  li.ii   with  .1  ilup  in- 

iliiiliin    '.r    iiir\t    iii'iKili.iti  ly   almvf    it  I 

7.     Ear     Small     tlmi     crnt.    .itnl    iinlitiiiiw    ^IikIiIIv    ("r^vard 

r.ithrr   tli.iri  liarkvvanl  at  tlir   li|i>  ■ 

S.     Neck     Sliiirl.   \\\<\f  ami  ijiep.  lln'   unl.li   slinlitiy   llu■^^•a^ 

irik!    liivv.itii^   iIk-   >Ii"IiIiI«t-  .\ 

<)■     Outline  of  Body     Sliurl,  limail.  ilifp.  ami  slramlit  almvr, 

luliivv    ami   ..11    llir    »iilc>.  7 

lix     Back      Very    lirM.i.l.    of    rvfii     wiillli    and    ^Iraiulit    from 

w  illuTH  \i<  tail  lifad  '" 

II.     Shoulder     I  ar«r.    >ini"illily    and    cvrnly    dcvflnlird.    and 

liltiidiiiK    liiTlcclly    with    Hfvk    and    crops  '1 

1-'      Arm  and  Thigh      Mudcratrly  widr.  laptmiK  nu-rly  d'HMi 

and  nil  lining  I'l  »hiirt  2 

ij.     Brisket     VVidr  and  mi  Icvrl  with  iiiuhrlinr  .1 

[4.     Side      Drcp.  tliuk  ill  every  part,  ^traitflu   a'>>l   «veii   fmin 

-111 miller    t.i   hip  -     * 

15.     Riba     Widely   and  ileeply  spriinK  S 

Ml      Heart  and  Flank  Girth     Kxrell-nt  in  pmportiun  to  tlie 

leii«tli  of  liody  and  almut  eipial  " 

17.     Hindquarters     Relatively  lonu;  broad   in  every  part   and 

deep.  v\ith  lint  litilc  |owcnn«  toward  the  tail   head  5 

iS.     Ham^    I.artfe.   "eti   let   down   at   thiuh   and  twi-t   and   in 

elined   to   straight    liehind  "' 

II).      Twiat      Well   down  and   full  ' 

JO.     Tail     I"ine.   >hort   and   iiu-lined    to  rnr!  1 

Ji.     Legs     Short,    tine    rather    than    eoar-e,    strong,    strnijfht 

and   plaeed    well   apart  5 

.'-•.     Hair     .Mnmdant.  tine,  even  in  quality  -I 

.',1.     Skin     Sniootli    ami     white    and    free     Irom    crea-e-    and 

-eale^ 
J4.     Color     White  on  every  part  i 

j;      Movement— ("leiille  and   e.i'v  lint  not  -hinni>-h  5 


it 


,fl 


I'erferlion  ino 

ESSEX. 

Scale  of  points  adopted  by  the  .\merican   F,s-ex   A^sniation. 

Counts 

Color-niack 2 

Head     St--.:!!,  '^^--^l  •''^•'  >'^-^-  ''=-'==-'  -' 


.1' 


?flfite«j«My!*BaiiTr/'"'»j  r#£iK:wij«.4K"  ..^^:\r^ 


-J!t<rS1' 


IN 


»l  \Mi  Vltli 


11      I   \'    I    I   1   I    M    f 


SI 


ICarS       I  illr.    rtirt.    "hulllly    ilr  ■  i.  niitii;    \\i\\\    Ml' 
Jowl        i   nil     .Olil      III  .11 

Nfck     Mi-ri.    i.ill,    «.ll     111  I.e. I 
Shouldcra     lUo.iil    unl   ilrrji 
Girth   Around    Heart 

Back      Su.iiKlit.    Iirii.iil    .ii'il    'rv<  I 

Sides     l)<i-|<  4n>l  lull 

Ribs     \\  I II    ^1  riiiiu; 

Loin     111  ■.111   .tn.l    ^lr.■lln 

Flank     U<-ll    M    'ImMi 

Ham     Ilr'Mil,  lull  .'  Ill  ilti'p 

Tail     Mnliimi.   hiu-.   .iiiil   miU.I 

Leg!      I  IMC     >tr:ii^'ht.     iiul    t,i|>t'ritiK 

Feet       Shi, ill 

Hair      I'hu'   miil   ^ilky.   Irn-   l'r"ni   lirisllc 

Action      I'.i^v    iii'l   Kr.u-cl'iil 

Symmetry     .\i!a|ilati"ii  "f  llu-  «<  vt  ral  pari-,  tn  i  .i.  Ii 

lutal 

SUFFOLK. 

Si-ali-  of  (Miiiit-i  .iij.ipiiil  liy  till-  AiiHTuan  SiitTnlk 

Color   -White 

Head     Sni.ill,  lirnad.  .mil   lacf  ili^ln-il 

Ear*      I  inc.    crc.l.    -Iiyhlly    ilrMnpinn    willi    :ikc 

Jowl      I'lill    am!    neat 

Neck     SlnTl,   full  ami   ^lik'l.lly  arclicil 

Shoalder*     l'.r"ail    ami    ilccp 

Girth   Around   Heart 

Back      S.raiHlit.    Iiiu.iil.    UacI 

Sides     Deep  anil   full 

Ribs     Well    ^pnln« 

Loin      I'.r.ail    and    .Inmi.' 

Flank     Well    l.i    .l-un 

Ham     r.rii.iil.   full,  ilccp 

Tail     Mriliiiiii.    line    .iihI    lurlnl 

Legs      I'liie,    sirai^lit.    ami    lipeiin;; 

Veet     Siiuill 

Hair      I'me   ami   'ilky.   free   fimii   l)ri>tle-> 

Action-   l"a>y    ami    uraccfiil 

Symmetry     A-' .j.t.iti'ti   i-f  tlu-   -.veral   pnrt^   In  e.i 


itl:,r 


.1 
,( 
.1 
I 

in 


Mil'  n 
iiiiiiti 


ell    iitlier 


i 

Ii 

2 

,1 

3 

,1 

1 

I" 


'I'.itai 


f  II  M'TrR   VI. 


rri'.iMvc.  \\n  M\\\r.!\ii:\T, 

I'lllMSi.     \SI)    MWM.IMIAT   dl'   Tin:    !'.i>\R 

'IlitTf  rirt'  fi A\  .1111111. lU  .ilf'tit  llic  ;ivor;i^;«'  farm  wliiih 
riTci\f  Irs*  ciiiiviilir.iliirii  ih.iii  the  Imar.  aiiil  \it  he  ^iimil'l 
rt'tiivc  more  .(tttiitiint  lli.m  \hv  aviT;i;;o  malr  .iiiiinal  in 
iifilcr  |i>  iiltt.iiii  till'  lif^t  n'»iilt-<.  \mi>inj  ilu-  mn^i  crdiitiKin 
ini^t. !!<«■•>.  uc  t'liiil  I'Vit  ftt'ilm;,',  ki'i  piii^  i!t  Miiall,  fihliv 
i|iiartt'rs,  whore  fvcnisc  is  im|)iwsil)|t',  iw  .itlnwiiiK  Id  ran^e 
atMint  tJu'  farm  in  a  lialf-starM'd  ciinilitinn,  Wliilf  the 
•  iNtr-fat  Ixtar  i!i«'s  nut  m.ikr  a  «>.itisfacti)r\'  sin-,  tin-  li.ilf- 
^l.irvcd  hoar  '•aiitrnt  transmit  vi'^'nr  at  il  fi'tistitiitioii  to  his 
iircit;cn\  to  thf  same  ilcyrto  tli.it  he  would  if  |>ro]ifrI\  man- 
ai:<d.  To  pt't  the  iH'st  results,  the  hoar  shottM  he  in  fair 
llish.  hut  should  he  allowed  sufficient  exercise  to  kee|)  hirn 
in  a  hardv,  vi(,'oroiis  condition. 

The  n^i'  at  which  a  \otinn;,hoar  ina\  ne  first  ti>cd.  depemls 
lary;elv  upon  his  <Ievelo]imeiit.  Some  \oiini,'  hoars  may  lie 
u»ed  to  a  few  siiws  when  not  more  than  seven  months  old 
without  afiparent  ininrs-.  \s  a  rule,  it  is  safer  not  tn  use  a 
hoar  hefore  he  is  eit;ht  months  old.  and  to  use  him  as  spar- 
iii^lv  as  possihle  until  he  is  a  >ear  old.  N'o  h.ird  and  fast 
rule  can  he  laid  down,  and  the  owner  must  use  his  judt^nent 
in  the  matter. 

The  f|uarters  for  the  hoar  should  he  roonn  .  clean,  nnd 
will  \entilateil.  and  he  sIiouM  have  .in  outdoor  lot  in  which 
to  take  exiTcisc,  Sonic  hi  ars  are  ver\  .utive.  and  will 
take  plent\-  of  exercise  in  a  comparatively  limited  space. 
niluTs  are  lazv .  and  inclined  to  hccnme  ti>i>  fat.      With  such 

I  'i  -111  (•  It  .'-I.  r  .t  .  .1.      ..     , 

;.nr;r-.  ;t   w;;;   r.r   to;;;;;;   ;;cT;c;:c;a;   ;o   ::;rrc  ;:;r;;;   to  ;;.it:;i-r    .i 


n 


IT'IkLa.*!  . ■"»K-/.ilTT,.i^,:«, 


!^ 


■  l>  I  I  I  III  s<       »  Ml    M  *  1  Ai    I  Ml   >  I 

i;mM|  |i,ir!  iii  til.  II  liviiij;  (rmn  p,i«liit>  In  f.iil,  am  Im.ir 
will  (III  luttir  if  lie  h.t-i  a  |>a>>tiiri'  lot  Willi  tilriil\  <■(  <ltaiti' 
avatlalilc  ijnrini;  llif  miiiiiiu  r 

Tin-    i 1    I'lr   till-   Immt   'limilil   Ik'   \  iri«l    iinlnlii«ii'«.   aiul 

iiiiM|irali-l\  liiilk\  Silt  I  iiltiil  <immI>«.  »iu  Ii  a»  riMii>  :n  vmhIit 
at|i|  v;rrrii  fiMMJ  i.f  «<iiin-  kitiil  Ml  «iitimur.  •Il'itllil  alwa\'»  he 
iv<\  Willi  lii«  iiual  ralHiii  SiiiriiUnt  f.H..|i.  arr  iui«'0'.ar\ 
h»  krrp  liim  ill  i;imm|  hrallli  liiicK  nrniiii'l  nat^  arc  v«'r\ 
MiUalili"  fur  tin-  iitam  part  <>i  lii»  itu-al  rati'Hi  An  ffnial 
VNtiylit  of  iiiii|i|!iiii;«  Mf  iiii.l.iimi,"'  aii'l  hraii.  aiilcil  to  tlu- 
"ilx,  tnakr"  a  i;immI  i'iiiiilaiiati<>n.  Small  pri>|M»rtii>ii»  of  otlur 
kiiii!«  of  iiu'al  iiiav  Ik'  aiMfil  if  <l«>iri''l  S»'»'oii(|  t-rop  ilovvr 
of  alfalfa  lia\.  tiit  ii(i  fiiuh,  ■•ti'iiMil  in  water,  ami  iiiixitl 
with  tlu'  ni«at.  iHak«'>>  a  j;o<m|  iiiiMnrj-  to  (;ivi-  varut\  to  his 
ration  \\v  ^lionM  In-  f«'i|  oiiK  wliit  he  will  tat  n|>  i  It-aii ; 
anil  if  \w  i»  iiuliiu'il  to  lu-conic  fat  and  la/v.  the  aiiiounl  of 
frwHl  shonM  hv  r»'i|nrtil. 

The  hoar  ''honM  not  he  pfrmillcil  to  *vr\c  a  m»\v  iiiori- 
than  oiuf.  ami  ^honM  not  !>«•  allow t-il  to  run  with  viws  to 
whuli  In-  is  to  hi-  hrnl.  TIiim-  practiiT".  tt-ml  to  fshaiist 
tlu'  hoar  ami  an-  likrK  to  ri-Milt  m  Miiall.  woak  littvrs  if 
pi.r>ixtnl  ill.  Tlu'  aim  >lionl.l  U-  to  save  tlu-  hoar  from  all 
iiiiiuHfxsarv  M-rvici',  I'^jucially  iliiriiiK  tlu-  heaviist  part  of 
till'   M-asoii. 

I'rr.iUM'.  wit  M  \\ ACFiMi-N'T  oi-  tiif.  Sow. 

A  sow  should  not  Ik-  hrcd  htforc  ■>ht'  i-  fiuht  month'-  old. 
and  in  many  rasi-s  it  i--  htttiT  to  dilay  hrffdinj;  two  or 
thrt'c  months  lon^ir.  Tlu-  .U'vi'lopnu-nt  of  the  sow  will 
inlliitiiic  till-  lintiKr  in  this  matter. 

Dttnii;;  ilk'  prrio.l  of  '.^'i'station.  sows  of  all  api's  should 
h.ivi-  ahundant  i'\t'rcis»'  In  Miinnu'r,  pastiiri'  should  Ik- 
]irovidtd  for  tlu'iii  ill  whiili  tluTc  is  plenty  of  shade.  Tiuy 
shoiilil  also  he  ^jiven  plent\  of  water,  especially  dntintj  ho' 
weatlier.  h'or  pasture,  .ilf.ilfa  and  elover  are  anioiij^  the 
he^t.       \t  certain   seasons,   rape   is  eseelleiit.       \   permamnt 

Ji.lstiilv    III    llilwii    ',^l,ls^fs,    |-Nptiiaii\     ii    il    C''ni....W    riiHlUTi  <ii  i 


/>  3tt--:jrJE»^«j»it^aKfKTaT5r^f.'33C3k5^-- '^IMS-Jt/.I^^^KeKS^HI^HBiftarii^^US 


I  M  I'l  ^'       V     n    M  \      >i  f  111       I 


Tl 


.j,,,,t,     tm-'.t    i,].iil.,l       v,.,.,.til     I    .iki  •    .111   iM  il'.  til    iilti 

\\  itii,  r    tMiM  •(  n  1  III    I  '   111.  ri     ■!  Hu  mIi    tli.ilt    .iihihk  r  I  If 

i;i,.il,     I     .lilh.  nil-,      1.     (..    ;.MV.      ill ■\  •     .illlli  Hill     i\<ril»<'. 

uiMiMilI  v\IimIi  ■.•.""I  hll.  I  ..imi..l  Ik  .\im.I..|  III  lu.illV 
,  .,,,  ill.  ,.  .Ill  I  1  -MM  nil  1.  I  nil  ■  'I  llii  I'  itir-  .il'l.  «!i.  Il  llu-\ 
wll  l.iki-  is.r<i->'.  !•  ..Imi;  .iii'i'ii;-  ill.  Ill  iinir.  .  ..r  uorkiliy 
.iiiHHii;  >i.iii<rf.|  'it.iu  '.t  ill. ill.  t  .  I  ii'l  \»ImI  liitli'  'ir-uii  it 
,„.n    ...III, nil       II    .1   .Ir..   \\.n   I.. Il.il     l.-imik;   pl-iri'   i«  pr.i- 

M,l,.|.    Ullll  II   I-    II.  .      Iti'lll   'Il    ill'-  ll'     .    ill'     '  ..H'llli'ill-  .ir<-   .lliil.'»t 

i,l,  .,1  |,,i  ill.  Im  .\  t.  -ii'l  W  li.  II  II  •  iiiipi.-^iM.-  |..  ii-<-  ill.' 
l.,iiiH.ii.l  .1  I. ...tin  -In. I  ■,\ii'i  i.iiili  ll  ■■■I  .111'  .1  -'..pin-:  pvii 
,irr.iiiK»'l  II' "I"  '  "11"  I'  '  "I  ' '  '  •  I'  -I"  ■  'I  i'k- piirp..-i-.  I'y 
litl.iiii':  lilt  -Ik'I  \mi1i  'III  -li.iu  ..r  .h.ili.  .111. I  -priiilJiiij;  ;i 
Ml\    illllr  wll.'li    •,•1.1111  ,1.  ..II.;  ill'    ill.ilVi\.l\    .|.i>  .  lllr  .itlrii.l 

a  III  I  III  m  t  I  In-  ^.  i\\  -  I"  t  ll."   I  'iMi.lir.ilili  .Mti  IM  .      \n.>llur 

111.  til. "I     1-    t"    tl1.lk<-    II-.     "l'     -11!. ill     p..|l.ll.lc    pill-    -it     111     ..llt^l'll' 

I'.t-.  'I  In -.-  p.ii-  111. I'-  ll.  Ml. I. If  .'^  I..  I  vvi'li'.  I'.  1.1  t  l.iiij,'. 
7  flit  lii;;ll  III  tr..iit.  .iii.l  .^  I'' I  Ih'Ii  .'I  I'l''  I' i' l>  ^^I'l' 
vli.iiin  r'l.'t.  Till'  pill-  ni.i\  III-  III, I'll'  '.|'  ,1  -Mii,'l>-  tlii.klU'ss 
.it'  null  li...ir.U  u'Mi  li.ilUn-  "Mr  tli.'  ii.i.l--  In  lli'  I'mnt 
I-  pi, III'. I  ;i  uiii.I'isv.  aii'l  .111  "piiiiii'.;  in  .ir  .'iif  mrmr  l.irm' 
(•ii'iii;;li  I'.ir  tin-  ^i>\\-  I"  u"  111  .iii'l  "III  ^"  'l""r  1-  i-..iiiirc.| 
f..r  till'  i.iti'iiiiii;,  'riu-<-  p.ii-  -hi'iilii  ll.  |il,in'l  f.ii  in;;  llu- 
-.piitli.  ami  all". lit  I'll'u  v.iiN  I'l.iu  llic  l'.  riling  pl.n  f.  l! 
|,,pt  will  lii'.Miil.  .111.1  l..ml-<-.l  ..l.'iit  lIu'  I'.ii.'Mi  ..11  the  .Illl- 
li.I.'  uuli  li'TM-  iii.iiim.'.  ill.  ■  .il'i'.ir.l  .|uitr  i'..iiii'"rl.i!ilo 
sli'.'liili',;  iiuartt'l-.  Till-  -iiw-  .;rr  f.  .r.-i.l  l"  t.il-.i'  .'Xi'lTi-c 
ill  walkni-  laiUw.ii'N  .I'l'l  :  .r'.'.  .;r.|-  I.Umiii  llu-  prii  ami 
till'  fii-'liii!^  pi. Ill',  \  p' 11  I  ll  .1-  'Ir-iii'  I  .1.  uill  .i-i-.i'ii- 
iiiM.l.iu  iiiiH'  .ir  I.  II  -"U-.  til"':  :li  !l  1-  IhII'T.  .i-  .i  ml.  .  i."t  I" 
ll.ivr  lil'.ri.'  til. Ill  In.'  Ill"  -i\  -'.'A-  l"'.;i'llli  r  I'.il.'  ll  'nM 
ll.'  takfii  t.i  priivi'lf  iiliiiu  "i  ir..nL;li  n.'.ni  ;  an  I  llu'  tr.ii|..;li^ 
-li..nl.l  l.<-  I..cal.'.l  .111  lir;li.  .lr\  '^I'lnii'l.  "f  .i  pl.itl'.irin  vli.'iilil 
111'  ma.li'  'HI  winch  1"  pl.ii'i'  llnni 

\    r.'.-..nl   sli,.ul.l   he   kopt    .'l'  lIu'   'kit''   "f   -<  r\  if.-   i.f  each 
^.  .w.  -.,  tli.it  tlif  il.ilr  111'  fan-'-' win '4  will  h.'  kn.iwn  in  .I'Kaii''.'. 


ill 


f ! 


^^ 


^3^F*piir 


^.' i  "i' 3n«3?¥  \  V,  £fc..'vir*  A,sa  vl  \ 


'i 


If     K     4. 

i  'i 


'-  IFKIHM;    AMI    MAN.\l.KMl:.\ T 

Tlio  normal  ])crii)<l  of  j,a'^tatiiiii  fi)r  mius  is  1 1_>  davs,  thoiif^li 
they  very  fri'(|iiciitly  run  a  day  or  two  over  tliis  time.  A 
week  or  ten  days  before  slie  farrows,  tlie  sow  slioiild  I)e 
I)lace(l  in  the  farrowiiifj  pen.  so  as  to  become  accnstoiiuil 
to  chanjjetl  conchtions  before  farrowinj,'.  She  should  still 
be  cncoiirajjed  to  take  a  moderate  amount  uf  exercise, 
however. 

The  pen  should  l)e  provided  wit'i  jjiiard-rails,  ma<!e  of 
2x8  inoli  planks  fastened  with  the  edpes  ajjainst  tlie  side  of 
the  pen  about  ten  inches  from  the  floor.  These  previ  ;it  the 
sow  from  l>ing  a),'ainst  the  partition,  and  lessen  the  danf,'er 
of  injury  to  the  little  pijjs.  which  ofien  f.nd  the  space  under 
the  jjuard-rail  a  very  cf>nvenient  refi  e.  .\  liitle  cut  straw 
makes  the  best  beddinjj,  as  the  little  pips  are  apt  to  become 
entangled  in  lonjj  straw,  and  find  difficulty  in  keepinjj  out  of 
the  way  of  the  sow  when  she  moves  alxnit.  The  sow  should 
oe  handled,  more  or  less,  before  she  '  rrows,  so  that  she  mav 
become  accustomed  to  the  presence  of  the  atti'udant  in  the 
pen.  .\  sow  treated  in  this  way  is  less  likely  to  become  ir.-i- 
table  and  excited  when  the  attendant  enters  the  i)en  after 
she  farrows.  If  everything  goes  well,  she  will  require  but 
little  attention  after  farrowinp.  and  the  less  she  is  inter- 
fereil  with,  the  better,  except  when  it  is  absolutely  necessary. 

Many  sows  will  take  the  boar  a  few  days  after  farrowing. 
To  breed  a  sow  at  such  a  time  i.  bad  practice.  Xo  sow  can 
do  justice  to  herself  and  two  litters  of  jiigs  at  the  same 
time.  Usually,  the  sow  may  be  bred  again  a  few  days  after 
lur  pigs  are  weaned,  if  not  too  nnich  ])ulle(l  d(,wn  in  condi- 
tion by  nursing.  ]  f  she  has  raised  a  large  litter  and  is  ver\ 
much  emaciated,  the  chances  are  that  she  will  pnxhki'  ,i  ver\ 
small  litter  the  next  time,  if  she  is  bred  iTumediatelv  .after  tlio 
pigs  are  weaned.  In  such  instances,  she  should  he  g-ivei. 
three  weeks  or  a  month  of  liberal  feeding  to  enable  her  id 
regain  her  lost  strength  and  vitality  before  she  is  l)red. 
Many  a  man  has  been  puzzled  to  know  why  his  .sow,  which 
had  raised  a  large  litter,  sbotdd  dror^  <!own  to  four  <^r  Ov 


J  '.■-.^■-K-:-i 


I  II  HIM,    AMI    MASAI. IMI   SI  '•' 

[.liny  pi^js  the  lu-M  linu-.  Tlic  naN.n  i>  imt  .litVu-ult  to  fui.l. 
T.I  ppMliici-  a  larKf.  M^orons  Iuht,  tlu'  smu  iim>t  l>o  stn.UK' 
aiiil   lull  of  vitality  at  lliir  lime  of  scrvicf. 

In  ficlitif,'  till'  hrci'dinjl  m.w  diiriiiK'  IIk-  period  of  gcsta- 
tiiMi,  till-  fifilir  sIk.uM  aim  to  keep  Ikt  ill  ^;oo.l.  stroiij;  coiuli- 
tioii  without  having  her  hecome  (.'xtri'mel'  fat.  Many  farm- 
.,  i>  j^o  tn  tin-  oth'T  estnnu-.  ;ui.l  keep  tlioir  ^-ow^  thin:  and 
the  thin  -o\v  u^U  ~  .her  not  clo  justice  to  her  pitiN  or  will 
heeome  a  mere  wreck  lu  r>elf  during'  tlie  time  -lie  i-  nnr>in- 
l,^.r  litter— in  fact,  the  chances  .ire  that  hoth  these  thmL,^s 
will  li-ii>pen.  .\  sow  may  he  kept  in  fairly  hiuli  condition 
an!  still  i)rodncc  satisfactorily.  i)rovitled  she  takes  plenty  of 
exercise. 

When  on   «"'»'   ])astnrc.   sows   roiiuir"   very   little   meal. 
In  this  matter  the   feeder  nnist  he  p.verned  hy  the  condi- 
tion of  the  sows,  and  if  he  finds  that  they  are  falling,'  off  in 
condition,    it    will    i)ay   him   to   increasi^   the    feed.     C.ronnd 
iiats.  mixed    with   wheat  hran   or   middlinj^-s.   make    i   ^jood 
r.ition  for  sows.      It  is  well  to  avoid  the  heavier  an<I  more 
heatinj,'  kinds  of  ^'rain,  especially  dnrini;  Iitit  weather.     In 
cold  weather,  when  the  .sows  take  a  ^'ood  deal  of  outdoor 
exercise,  more  heating  foods,  such  as  corn,  peas,  or  barley, 
may  he   nse<l   more   frcc'v,  hut   always   in   moderation.      In 
those  sections  where  corn  is  ;.hundaiit  and  cheap,  there  is  a 
temptation   to   use   it   almost  exclusively,   a   practice    which 
camiot  produce  the  hest  results.     Wheat  Ix-an  an<l  inid.llinf,rs 
are  availahlc  in  nearly  every  district,  and  will  he  found  profii- 
ahle  to  mix  with  corn  for  hreedins;  sows.     The  liher.il  use  of 
pasture  or  ^reen   feed  in  summer,  .md  of  roots  and  clover 
or  alfalfa  hav  in  winter,  as  ilescriheil  nmler  the  feediujj  of 
the  hoar,  is  alwavs  in  order,  and  will  help  to  ameliorate  the 
injurious    effects    of    corn    fcedinj^.     When    sows    are    fed 
outdoors  in  cold  weather,  it  is  hetter  to  feed  the  meal  dry. 
They  will  re(|nire  very  little  water  outside  of  that  supplied 
hv  the  roots.     If  roots  are  not  available,  water  must  he  su])- 
iilic,],  and  the  meal  uuiv  he  soaked  lietore  terdm;^  it  desired. 


.1 


■mil    ■■iiBm  miifiTi — it — rnTrrtinrT — t — tt^*''"^-'''"'' 


74 


\i.  ,\  .11  \r  WAi.i  Ml  N  r 


Ml 


ir 


i' 


111    u.inii    wciilur.   ;m   ,iliun<laiit    '-iip)p!\    of   w.itiT    is    vi'i\ 
inifH.ntant. 

\\  Ikii  the  sow  ^;fH's  iiilM  llu'  warm  faiT'^wiiij^  |h'!1,  it  is 
ai.lvisalilo  to  Urd  thr  itu-al  :n  tlic  t'l^rin  of  a  tliuk  s|.)i>,  aiiU  a 
iiii".krat(.'  ratii.'ii  I'f  nx'ts  sliuiilj  U'  i-uiitiiiiifij  if  slu'  lias 
Iici'ii  niciviii}^  ru(  ts  Ufgn-  slic  is  taken  in.  'I'liis  s\steiii 
t<.iiils  ti.>  privciit  cuustipati(.>ii.  ainl  a  ni'.Tc  i.ir  U-ss  fi'vii'fd 
cnii(Jiti(.iii.  uliicli  may  result  frutii  cliaiiijiiiu;  fii.piii  (Hitdi.iDr 
lifi-  tu  ci.iiitiiK-nu'iit.  A  small  am'jiiiit  <.if  oil  caki-  or  i^roiiml 
llaxsiiMJ  aji.lf'j  to  tlio  ration  is  also  Iidpfnl  in  pri'vciitini; 
constipation.  After  the  sou  f.irrows.  tliere  sInMild  he  no 
linrry  about  feeJinjj;  her.  If  she  lies  quiet  for  ten  or  twelve 
hour.s.  so  much  tlie  better.  .'\t  first,  she  shon'.l  liave  little 
more  than  a  drink  A  very  thin  slop  of  water  and  miil- 
dlini^s,  (.jiven  in  small  fpiaptitics.  will  answer  very  well.  If 
the  weather  is  eold,  tepid  water  should  he  used.  The  food 
should  be  gradually  increased,  and  in  the  course  of  a  week 
or  ten  days  she  will  be  <:in  full  feed.  A  .t^'Ood  m(.)ther  w  itii  a 
lar^a-  litter  requires  very  liberal  feedinjjf.  If  the  litter  is 
.small,  it  may  be  necessary  to  reduce  the  feed. 

Many  difTerent  rations  are  used  for  nursin).j  sows.  A 
very  tjood  ration  can  be  made  by  mixinjj;  two  parts  of  finely 
ijn.'iind  oaLs  with  one  part  of  bran  and  one  part  of  wheat 
middlint;s.  and  allowing  the  food  to  soak  between  feeds.  A 
few  roots  .are  teneti'-ial.  and  sweet  skim  milk  is  j,^(jod.  The 
he.ivier  ),'rains  should  be  used  sparin>,dy.  and  should  be 
larf^aly  diluted  with  such  foods  as  bran,  middlings,  or  pround 
oats. 

.After  the  pigs  are  weaned,  tiie  food  should  be  cut  down 
In  check  the  secretion  of  milk.  Dry  oats  are  a  safe  food 
fi.ir  the  sow  for  a  few  d.iys  after  the  pig^s  are  weaned.  If 
the  udder  i^ets  ver\  full,  it  is  a  c^ood  1)1.111  to  turn  the  sow  in 
with  the  piLjs  once  a  day  for  a  few  da\s. 

l'"i;i;iii\c'.  .\M)  M.\\.\c.i:mi;.\t  i.u"  \'(.a'Nc.  Pics. 
When  the  little  pij^s  are  born,  the  attendant  should  be  on 

il.inil    to    s(.-e    lii.it    eseixliiill;;    iims    ueli.      If    llie    T'lftS    arc 


;«*U''.;; 


'.:>3<.     '. 


■ .  '.:=fH'..i,'.''.r 


I  I   I   l>JM.    AMI    \l  AN  Al.l   Ml    ^  I 


stnm},',  .iinl  tlir  M'W  lii's  (|uioi.  it  i^  lutli't  not  tu  ititcrlcrf. 
If  tlu'  i'it,"<  M'ciu  MiiiK'uliiit  weak,  or  the  viw  is  rotloss.  it  is 
safiT  til  jilare  tluiii  in  a  well  lieiMiil  li<>\  m-  haskit  to  keep 
tlieili  nut  of  the  way  until  all  are  horn.  If  the  \«-u  i^  chilly, 
a  hottle  of  hot  water  plaeeil  in  the  bottom  of  the  box  aiul 
covered  with  a  blanket,  with  another  blanket  over  the  top  of 
the  box.  will  help  keep  up  the  vitality  of  the  piRs,  The 
little  pi^'s  --houM  be  i-laced  on  the  mother  to  sU(  k  as  snoii  a?. 
possible.  As  soon  as  the  sow  apjiears  to  h.ive  stttle.l  down 
(ptietly.  it  is  best  to  pnt  the  little  jiiys  with  her  and  leave 
them  to,L;ether.  It  is  not  well  to  interfere  except  when  it 
is  abs()lutel\   iiecess.iry. 

I'.y  the  time  the  pi).js  are  about  three  weeks  old.  they  will 
have  learne<l  to  eat.     If  at  all  I'Osstble.  they  should  be  j;iven 
access  to  anothe;  pen.  in  which  is  kept  a  small  tr..)U';h.      1  lere 
they  can  be   fe.l  a  little  skim   milk   with  a  very    little  inid- 
dlin.ijs   stirred   into   it.     The   (luantity   '.<i  middliiii;'^   can   be 
<,'radnally  increased  as  the  i)iRs  i^n-w  oMer.      If  lhx\  cm  be 
lau^dit  to  nibble  at  roots  duriiif^  this  time,  all  the  better.     A 
little  whole  wheat,  or  soakeil  corn,  scattered  uii  the  tloor  of 
the  i>en.  will  cause  them  to  take  exercise  while  hunting'  for 
it.      If  it  is  not  possible  to  provide  ;in  extra  pen.  it   will  be 
necessarv  to  shut  the  sow  out  of  the  pen  while  the  little  pijjs 
are  beii'j:  fed.     I'.xercise  is  ver\   imiioriant  t(.>r  \ouni;  iii^s. 
and  everv  i.ossible  means  of  securing:  it  sh,..uld  be  .adopted. 
If  they  are  kejU  in  a  small  iien  with  the  mother,  some  of  the 
best  of  them  are  apt  to  become  too   fat.  and  arc  likely  to 
sicken  and  die.      I'i-js  that  come  in  the  sprmi;  an.l  e.irly  fall, 
are  more  easily  mana^'ed  than  winter  litters,  .as  ihe\   can  be 
-iven  outdoor  exercise.      If  the  sow  is  turned  out  with  her 
pii^s.  it  is  not  well  to  L,nve  her  a  lar-e  raiii^e,  as  she  is  likely 
to  travel  too  far  and  tire  the  jni^s  too  much. 

There  is  a  ,1,'reat  deal  of  .litTerence  of  opinion  as  to  the 
atjc  at  which  pi^s  should  be  weaned.  Some  breeders  a<lvo- 
cate  leavin<j  the  pi^s  with  tlie  sow  for  ten  or  twelve  weeks, 
in  fact,  the  sow  is  iiractically  allowed  to  wean  her  own  pi^S- 
I'or  producin.?    show  iiit;s.  thi<  nietlK^d  is.  no  d.,ul.t.  a  very 


i\ 


-ti 


dh 


ti! 


i 


■  f!« 


76 

K'" 


»  h.KliIM.    AMI    MA  N.M.I  Ml  N  I 


HiK'.  iiiit   )t   praitii-ally  nn'.m>  .mlv    oik-  litter  a   vcar ; 
at    aiis    ratf,    it   (lcii">   imt   a<liiiit   "i   twi>   littrrs   a    \car.     A 
j,'i)()(|  .s,)u.  prnpirlN   (and  for.  ^IkhiM  |iriHliin'  two  litters  a 
Mar.  anil  tiic  aviTa;;i'  •iriiUT  will  timl  it  niorr  i)rolital)lc  to 
wran    hi>    pij^s    iar!\    i.  oiij^ji    to   piTiiiit    luo    littt-rs    to    lie 
raiscil.      It  thf  \oiiii,,r  ,,jj_,s  |,;ivi-  Ikcm  taii^lit  to  eat  as  di-s- 
cril)iMl.  and  skim  milk  is  availalile.  tluv  iiia_\   In-  weaned  stic- 
eessfiilly  when  six  weeks  oM.      If  skim  milk  is  not  availalilo, 
it  is  lietter  to  <lefer  weainii;;  two  week*,  lonijcr.      Skim  milk 
and  iniddlin^'s  make  alx.nt  the  hest   food   for  .\onn.i,'  pij,'s  at 
this  time.     The  niiddlinijs  are  lietter  soaked  for  a  few  hours 
hcfore    feeding',    or.    latter    still,    sealded.      If    fed    freshly 
mixed,  tiiev   are  likely  to  eaitse   mdirjestioii.     ScaMinj,^  the 
mi(!dlin{,'s  i,  espeeially  useful   when  no  skim  milk  is  to  he 
had,  as  it  makes  the  fi>od  more  palatal)le.     To  scaM  the  inid- 
dlinj,'s.  it  is  hest  to  ponr  hoilinp  water  on  them,  eover  the 
vessel,  and  allow  to  stand  several  hours,  or  from  one  time 
of  feeding  until  the  i.ext.     .\  few  fiuelv  ;,'rouiid  oats  added 
to  tile  iniddlin^'s.  will  he  found  henetieial.     If  the  oats  are 
not  very  finely  ^'rotmd.  it  is  hetter  to  sift  out  the  coarsest 
luills.     W "hen  the  jiii^'s  are  first  we.iiu'd.  they  should  he  fed 
at  least  four  times  a  day,  heiii,-,'  .illowed  only  what  they  will 
eat  up  clean  hefore  leavim,--  the  troit^dt.  and  threat  .-are  should 
he    exercised    in    keqiiiii;    the    troU',di    clean.     When    well 
started,  they  may  he  chan!;,H'd  U:,  three  feeds  a  day. 

When  the  pit^s  arc  three  months  old.  a  little  pround  harlev, 
or  small  quantities  of  other  jjraiu  may  he  added  to  tlie 
ration.  .At  first,  the  harley,  or  other  -rain,  should  constitute 
not  more  than  one-fifth  of  the  total  ration:  .lud  it  can  lie 
gradually  increased  ;is  desired.  I'.arley  is  one  of  the  very 
hest  kinds  of  trrain  Don  which  to  start  younjj  pij^rs,  thouirii 
other  ^'rains  may  he  used.  The  alnu.~t  exclusive  use  of 
corn,  cannot  he  too  st,  -njjfly  condemned,  as  corn  is  a  poor 
hone  and  mu-cle  former.  It  is  important  to  teach  younp 
pi.irs  to  eat  a  few  roots  as  early  as  possihle  :  or.  if  it  is  too 
late  HI  iIk  .s|.riii}4  for  roots,  some  form  of  ,i;reen  food  should 
he  su])plied  every  day. 


I  KKIMM.    .\\l>    MAN  A'.t  Ml   M  '  ' 

If  tin-  .(.itii!,'  l^o;lr^  arf  not  iiiUntU-l  l'>r  l>r»i-ilm^'  purpose^, 
tlu\   sliniiM  \<v  castratrd  lii'fnrc  tlu'v  arc  \\i'aiic<l. 

I'lMSIIINC.  I'OK  MAKKl'.T. 

1.       ImmSHINC.   Tin:    r.ACON    I  loC. 

If  Caiiai'.i  ins  aro  to  maintain  and  ili-vi-lop  tlicir  trade  in 
lia.'.in   with  C.n-at    I'.ritain,  it  is  of  the  greatest  iinpDrtanco 
thai    thiv   pav   strict   attention   tn  (|na1itv.     Xot   onl\    nnist 
their  Iiw^'s  l)e  hred  tn  ^jive  tlie  de>ired  eonforniatioii.  lutt  tliey 
nut  he  fi'd  and  niana.yed  in  snch  a  way  as  ti>  ^'ive  the  de- 
ind  (Miahfy.     (  )ne  of  the  >,'reate>t  defects  in  (juality  witli 
which  Ca   adian  packers  have  ti>  contend  is  a  teivlency  of 
some  of  the  sides  to  tnrn  soft  during  the  process  of  cnrin<^. 
Softness  has  nothing,'  to  do  with  fatness:  in  fact,  a  tliin  side 
is  more  apt  to  develop  softness  than  a  fat  one.      In  a  soft  side 
the  fat  is  soft  and  sponpx .  anil  sometimes  even  the  lean  is 
affecte.l.     There  are  all  de^^rees  of  softness.  sliadiiiR  all  the 
wav  from  sides  which  are  decidedly  soft  ii])  to  those  which 
show  onlv  a  slifjht  tenderness:  hnt  any  decree  of  lenderiu  ss 
detracts  very  nnich   from  the  value  of  a  siik.  and  a  really 
soft  side  is  i)ractically  worthle-s.     The  percentaf,'e  of  soft 
sides  is  sometimes  very  hi^h,  even  as  hifjh  as   15  per  cent. 
of  the  total  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year.     Tt  will  he  rca<lily 
understood  that  such  a  condition  represents  an  enormous 
■hrinka<;c  in  value:  and  this  loss  is  hound  to  he  rellected  in 
l!ie  ])rices  pai.l  the   farmer  for  his  hoys.  t..  say  nothiuLT  of 
the   iniurv   to  the   reputation   of   Canadian  hacou   in   Creat 
I'ritain.     This    is    not    a    matter,    therefore,    which    affects 
rrrely  the  jiacker.     It  affects  the  hacon  industry  as  a  whol--. 
.itil    the    farmer,   sooner   or   later,   must   slioulder   the   loss. 
This  heiu!,'  the  case,  it  is  important  that  the  farmer  should 
pav  more  attention  to  the  <|uestion  of  ([uality. 

CaISKS  Ol-    SOIT   I'.ACON. 

A  trrcnt  de.i!  of  exnerimental  wftrW  has  heeii  performed  hy 
the  Ontario  Aijricultural  Colle-e,  Cuelph,  Ontario,  and  the 


f  ».  .}fr> 


<:.'iv't ,' 


TMti-y . 


'-•cr. 


.  >„!•?  i.Mil^.    ■  -r' 


V. 


t  ^  I    1    I    Jil  \i.      \  Ml     M  A  X    \i.l    \ll    \  I 

l.\'iili.il    I'.xpi't  imiiil.il    lanii,  i>ll.t\\.i.  i>iil,iii.i.   |.  n    lln-  pin 
jMi-c  i.i'   IiilIiii;^   ,.nl    ilif  I  .iiiM-  III    ■.iiitiu--   1,1   liiimi.      Tlii- 
ciiiulii^ii  iii^    wlin'li    iiillow     npn-i  lit    tlir    |iiiiii  i]i,il    |iiiiir,^ 

tiriMI-lll    tn    lli^llt    HI    tlu^l-    illVl-ll)^.lllilll>. 

Exclusive  Meal  Feeding.  'I'lus  i.>  ]i.rli.i|i>  nn.'  ,ii'  iIk> 
iiiii^t  ii'Iiiiiimh  i.iilM'-  III  -.iii'iiii-^s,  i>|pti'i.ill\  wluii  Im'^-,  .iTi 
i-iiiitiiHil  ill  pi'ii~  I'li'Mi  liirtli  til  iiiiu'  III'  in.irlM-tiii;;.  Smik' 
kiiiil>  of  iikmI  ;iri'  \:u>vc  iiijiini  ui-  tli.iii  hiIkts;  Imt  w  Ik-i  vtr 
i'\i-lit-iM-  inial  l"rciliii^  i^  ]ir,utii'<il  .iiul  tin-  cMrri-r  i-,  liin- 
itfil,  iimrr  nr  lc«s  sui'iiu'^s  i>.  aliiin-l  ^iirc  V<  rr-iilt. 

Corn.  *  'I  tlic  ^TaiiiN  in  luiiiiiioii  n-i-,  mrii  lia>  ilio  l,mc  ii- 
c^t  tiiiilriK-\  111  lan^i'  NiiftiU'-^  It-  iiijiiriiMis  tnii|ciu-\  i-aii 
lir  niiMlitii'il  li\  miMiiL,'  it  lar;;fl\  witli  cither  iikmI  aiul  liv 
fiidiii;,'  -kim  milk.  Ljrien  fimil-.  ami  rmit-,  Imt  it-  Icinlriun 
to  pniiltiif  Mii'tiu--  1-  sn  -trmvL:  I'l.it  it  must  he  ri'-anki!  a- 
aii  nniit'siralili-  fmiil  I'nr  liamti  Iml;-. 

Beans.  Tliia  luml  appear-  {<>  lia\e  a  -iniilar  otTeet  tn 
that  prnilitceil  Ii\   enrn.  ami  i-  pii--iIiK'  e\en  iimro  iniurinit-. 

Lack  of  Exercise.  Lack  <<\  e\erei-e  ha-  a  tiiiileiuv   t" 

prii'Iiue  -iit'liie--.  Imt  tli;-  teuileiicy  eaii  he  iarj;\'ly  nveri'' mu- 
h\'  illilieinii-  I'eeclinj^'-. 

Unthriftiness.  I'lithrifiy  hii,L;<.  mi  matter  wliat  ih' 
eau-e  ma\   he.  .ihnn-t  iiu.iriahly  |iri"!iiee  -nl't  haenii. 

Lack  of  Finish.  Thin  hn,--  li.ave  .a  markeij  tenilenev 
liiwar-I-  -iii'iiie--.  .M.irketiii;.^  Iml,'-  hefnre  the\  are  ]i;iiperl\ 
tini-lieil.  i-.  III!  (Inuht.  re-pnii-ihk'  l"c if  ,1  l; 1  ileal  nI  -ni'tiie-s. 

Holding  Back.  \\  liiii  a  huLr  i-  tlni-heil  it  ■^luniM  he 
m.irkeleil  at  ■  iiiee  in  uriler  tn  prmliiee  t'lrin  haenii.  It'  th  ' 
leeil  i-  eiU  diwii  -i  >  that  the  In '^  m.aki'-  iin  L^.'iili  in  weight  fur 
-nine  lime,  i 'r  k  i-e-  in  \\eiL;ht.  the  haemi  Imm  Muh  a  h<i;; 
i-   .•iliiiii-t    -tire   ti>  he   -nl't. 

Lack  of   Maturity.        <ieneralK    -peakiii',:.  the  ninrc  im 
mature  a  hni^'  i-.  the  greater  the  teiiilem-y  tn  he  -nft.      .\lmosi 
itu'.-iii.-iliK    the   l.ir'je-t   iK-m  nt.e^e  iif  -iifliie--  iieeiir'^   amonc;; 
tile   liL;hl    silk-  iif  haeiii).      The   pr.ntice   <i  nmlnK    fnreinc^ 


'>^^rt/l^y'Jiii-..X  .^IKJS^-J^^bfi--'- ..O-'i. 


>'■  . 


wmfmmmmmmm 


I  I,   ,    I,,,,,,     ,-     .    i^.  ,.,1    ..  I".  -.  t  I  .!'>        •■!    ll 


-til  .  I    •  i','.*  .    I  111 


np.     .   I     !l;,     1.1 


,1  r.^iiii 1.  1. 


I  Km  .~!    \.\     I  1'    t        II  'tl 


"iin^yifrii--  • 


:'Srfef         Z^*ri^47^^^*S?S^     •••  ».i^.  ,::--*iiV.-L- 


»'^%'-'r:ifti>..^'    ■•'■■'^J'^s 


.if    ti 


\.-Uvv    «i. 

»  . 

"*'iiji!ri  t  ! 

Ill':    |, 

r.ir,     !•• 
11., It    .\ 

•». 

IMmI.ii, 

.1     I.N        1 

II       I    ,M   .,  1. 1       I     .I...     I'llL 


■"^^  ■■  I  ...  \'  '  -  ■■■  1,  •  .1,1,  I  ,  ....  i;  >  ,;  ,  ,  ,.,,,,,,  ;  ,,,,,  ,,|  I,,  ,!„ 
■•■"■■  \i;-i,!ilt-,..,l  l.!l,i:.  i,;.;|.!,.  ih.i  II.,  ,,,.i..,,  .|,.v,  il,,  1,,.,,  ,, 
^■li'  l",,'lnt,  .,.i,.!iti,n  II,  1,  ,  l,,i,,:.l  -,,,,.  ,ii  I,,.,,.  .,■!,  ■<,..,,■..  h..r.  .■! 
"■•I   .|'-,'in.    ,,,.!    ,    t    ■„.    ,1   i.,,..|        \,,,    ,h,     ~u..<..-    l,,i     M..I    |.    -t,.,i^ 


fi^'Vi**.-' 


.-, I     '     -I     I '  ■! 

I- ,  ,    I   I,      W      II      l>  ■ 

iiKliU.       ■I-.-     I.   ■!      ■!• 


.        ,  1        .   ■    ,,     I      ,.         I''"t         .'bl 

:,,       S   .r,  -,      '      I   vhllH.l-i.        1.  ■■     Ml. 
I  I  1,1.    k'l.lil.l    ...A     ,M  >.  -  1  '-    •!" 

,        I     |,,  \l\     ..-  (H'M.li     I'c     I  1...:  I  lu 


I 


I    111.  ..  :lli     I ... 


.1     ■!..      \  ,11.  .    .1     I    .1, .1.111...         I  .  r..i.l.. 


I  '       I  1.     :-       .    ,\     -...,       Mil,  ■.,  i| 


'  Wl*»C^]IK7'Ti',S.5»V»r.J-."Kj»-B;:  11, 


;4-»f.^c  <*»;.-  "x. 


L. 


I  ,,^.   ^     1,1.   .       •      ii.k  I    •, 

,...  ,..li,p      .1     M..       I'  ii:     \"i.  1 I    - 

,ll,    ,,r       l:.,i  111      !<•   '  III.     -■■ 

..    1     I..  II  U      .11     .  -1 •      'M'         • 

^■...   .1     I.  i.jtii       ,111. 1     «•   I'l  1    II     >   '' 

,i|.        .|m»,    null.   111.   li-        I    li.  11   U      1 


.       I    .li  ,     ,  >'.    ■       -.  Mil.   1  I     I    1  -I     I"  I/.       Mil    1  ll  III! 

,1,,.  P.    l;.|i|  ,1        I III.   I    l.y     I      I       111. 

,.  I  1,    ,    ....     I.  ,11  .1.1,     1    r.     .1    N  ■  ik-liin 

,.,1    ■.'         !■     -l    LI      I"    li.    .      .    >.  •    II.   1''      Illlltl     11, 

II,  ,      h.    ,   I     I.     I  I   I.  11,    l'!^     |.,  1  I.  .  1.     .!.■!    »ln 
,.l    11,  ,ll„. 


Hi.  -1.1    W  lii|.    --.    .Mill...    ..I    '  i-l    ill"    ••'   til.     N  .li..n.!    IMiil. 1111.11.    [■■i.iiil. 

I I'.l.   ,1      l.v      W  i.        \\    I   l-.'lll.      I  .Illl.M.llll.     I   ll'.l 


S.  •liii.u    II.  .k.i.ii.     I. 

i,t.     !■».. ,     r.i.  .1  I      ',\  1 


,.-!,, I        I     ...1,. 


\:,.,:    ,  ,    ,,     (  I,.,         I  i 
I.I  .       I    I;.  1  I  -:  tM  . 


I'.,,. I    hi     W  .  I     WiU. 


II.  .     r  .'  •  ,■] 


I 


-'    l>     I    ill.     l: 


I.  <    .  «  i  I  III      (   I .  I.I  II.. I     .  I.  .ni|.i..i.      Il: 

.1    I,      |,  I    I  ,,  I  ^,..  .    \S  .-t    Ml!'    ,..   111,,., 


.- ,,-.'  ;.-5^  >L>-'lir*  '  ,-..    .  '  _•  » 


9wratmy*Mjm..Mmf.iw  j£m-'.  'aM.»TO5ay.viv^-T,Ti»'i<^i 


'■^i^ 


,[     \  ,    1,  .  ,  ,    l„    ..  .      ■|;ii  VII  1  "       \\  r.  y<  <     "I     ■"-'    I'""'     .1'    '  'I'l"    ■""' 


I'in.i-      >l  ,1.       |-',iii- 


I,,.      ,1      W  ,-,,.11,111     ,,■  .1     >!. 


I   1,,-1,  ,      \\1 
I,..-,,-    I  .,,,. 


, ,  .  .1    1,       I      W       l> 


,\     ~..,,,.     r.     ^^.    III 


\v.u\i:  «     r..|  in.l     I  111!,.     I..   .1        K- 
^\\(  ci.^t.tKi  ^    It   ^t    I,,  iu-   I'.Mi .   I'lH  :      I 


llii,;,     ■       \\  HIM  1      ..t      in-t      nil/,      .n 


i;\i...-ii ,  >i    i.i'iii-.  I 


1  li  nni" 


lu-i     llill    ■l.■|.-^     ■ 


^.  ,1  l..i„,s,.,lM  I'n 
.,l,a  ■■^Mni.n,  >  III 
^  .,,        \t  .11 I 


i   H 


I  I.I  t)INi.    AM>    \l  W.M.IMIM 


79 


lioj^s  so  as  to  Iiavr  iluni  up  tn  {\\v  ni|iiir(i!  weights  at  a 
very  carlv  afit-  has  a  titnli'tu'v  t<>  iiijtin.'  tlic  firiuiu'ss  of  the 
I>acnii.  In  this  coiiiit-ction.  however,  it  tinist  he  ntiieinberel 
that  some  liojjs  are  more  matiire  Dt  six  months  than  others 
may  lu-  at  seven  or  eit,'lu  nionttis,  If  a  lio^  is  naturally 
Rrowthy  and  thrifty,  and  reaches  tlie  desireil  weiRht  at 
six  months  of  a^je  without  excessive  forcing,  the  chances  are 
that  the  hacon  from  such  a  hoi;  will  'e  (|nite  satisfactory. 
Ciood  ijjrowthy  ho;;s  can  easily  he  satisfactorils  tmishe<l  hy 
the  lime  they  are  from  sis  to  seven  months  old. 

I'UOIUCTION    or    ImRM    llAOJN". 

i'roin  what  has  heen  said,  it  will  he  seen  that  softness  may 
resnit  from  a  numher  of  causes,  and  it  is  prohahle  that  there 
are  causes  outside  of  those  mentioned.  luionj.jh  has  heen 
said,  however,  to  place  the  I'eeder  on  his  ^uard  a;^ainst  the 
most  common  causes,  and  helovv  are  ottered  a  few  suijjjes- 
tions  re^ardinfj  mcthc  f  feeding  and  mauafjenieiit  which 
have  heen  found  to  <jive  ^oo<l  results. 

.\s  alread)  stated,  exclusive  meal  feeding  is  ai)t  to  injure 
the  quality  of  hacon.  and  it  does  not  i;ive  such  economical 
{,'ains  as  a  mixed  diet.  .Xmong  the  foods  wliich  may  he  used 
along  with  meal  are  skim  milk,  whey,  roots,  rape,  vetches, 
clover,  soja  heans,  artichokes,  or  almost  any  hulky,  succu- 
lent food.  Such  foods,  comhined  with  a  liberal  meal  ration, 
invarin' iv  f,'--e  better  pains  than  an  exclusive  meal  ration, 
and  prodUi"  a  better  (|uality  of  hacon.  It  is  probable  that 
much  of  the  beneficial  inlU..nce  of  these  foods  is  due  to  the 
fact  that  they  help  to  keep  the  animals  healthy  and  tbriily. 
a  condition  necessary  to  the  production  of  the  best  ([uality  of 
bacon. 

But  while  these  succulent  foods  have  an  im]>ortant  place 
in  hop  feeding,  they  may  also  be  abuseil.  If  an  attempt  is 
made  to  feed  hogs  almost  exclusively  upon  tnt'ni.  the  chances 
are  that  the  hogs  will  not  be  jirojierly  tinished  and  soft  bacon 
will  likelv  result. 


<0 


I  I  I  f'lM,    AMI    MANAOKMKM 


I 

I ! 

Iff.' 


r-ilimitc  !  tNtTii-i'  diiriii;,'  the  fatli-nin^  pfricH.l  is  not  CDti- 
ilncivc  to  clu-ap  prodiutinii.  At  tfu-  same  time,  exenisc 
lias  a  jjooil  effect  \i|ioii  tlie  firmness  of  tlic  bacon  pr(^lticeil. 
At  the  Ontario  Ajjrieiiltnral  Collef,'e,  the  eluapest  trains 
and  an  excellent  <|nality  of  hacoii,  were  obtained  by  allovvini; 
the  ho(;;s  only  a  limited  amount  of  exercise  in  small  ontsid 
yards  adjacent  to  the  i)ens.  and  feeding  a  limited  ration  of 
mixed  meal,  accomjianied  with  all  the  fjrcen  ftxjd  they  would 
eat.  r'>  a  limited  meal  ration  is  meant  an  alK.iwance  slightly 
less  than  the  hoj^'s  would  eat  if  iriven  tlie  opporlunitv.  'I'his 
method  w.is  found  to  be  more  economical  than  feeding  meal 
on  pasture,  Miough  it  required  more  labor.  It  is  a  notable 
fact,  however,  th;it  hi'j,'-s  ubich  have  run  at  lap^e  until  lb'\ 
wcifjh  about  loo  |)Ounds  in  thin  cont  ifi,  may  be  finished 
on  almost  any  meal  mixture  and  still  iiroduce  finn  bacon. 
T'r.i.';  fact  illustrates  the  marked  iTilUieuce  uf  exercise  upon 
firmness  of  b.ic<.>n. 

_'.     l"iMSii!\r.  TiiK  Fat  IIoo. 

The  general  principles  whi:!i  ipi^ly  to  feeding  bacon  hogs 
apply  to  feeiling  al'  classes  of  hogs.  The  aim  must  be  to 
keep  the  animal  in  a  healthy,  thrifty,  growing  condition 
from  start  to  finish.  The  main  difference  between  feeding 
the  twi.i  classes  of  hogs  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  fat  hog  is  usu- 
ally fed  to  a  greater  weight  and  niade  much  fatter  than  the 
bacon  hog,  which  means  a  longer  jieriod  of  feeding.  The 
feeiling  of  corn  cioes  not  a]>])ear  to  proiluce  the  injurious 
effects  in  the  case  of  the  fat  bog  that  it  dues  in  the  case  of 
tl'.e  bacon  bog.  In  the  I'niteil  States,  corn  is  reganled  as 
a  food  which  produces  a  firm  (|uality  of  fat,  and  the  feeding 
of  corn  is  recommended  by  some  l\x|)erimcnt  Stations  for 
the  exjiress  purjtose  of  making  the  meat  firm,  li  is  a  little 
difticult  to  account  for  this  apparent  discrepancy  between 
.\merican  aixl  Canadian  experience  with  corn  feeding,  but 
a  reason  for  this  difference  may  exist  in  the  fact  that  .\;neri- 
can  hogs  are  fed  for  a  greater  period  of  time  than  CanaiUan 
iiogs,  and  that  tiiey  are  more  highly  fattened.     It  will  be 


A  Ml    \1  A  \.M.IMI    SI 


^  I 


rciiHMiil)iTci|  til, It  III  ilu'  iinisiij,;;itii>ii^  rij^'.inliii^;  \Uv  tiiiiMS 
of  suit  l)ac(>ii.  it  \\;i>  I'uimil  that  suftiicss  was  iiiuri'  en  niuii 
■  •-.iiiiif,'  tilt-  siili's  fniin  iminatiin-  ai-.d  iiiiriiiiNluil  lioj^'s  tliaii 
frniii  tlii)>c  wliicli  wi'tr  l'atlciu<l  to  a  lii^MuT  (k'^Tic.  W  lirii 
wc  rfiiK'inln'i"  tliat  cviii  the  lifst  rniislifil  liaion  lio^'  woiiM 
Ik'  considtTi'il  ciitirclN  iiiitiiiislivd  as  a  fat  \\t>ii.  atnl  v  licii  we 
place  tliis  fait  alnii^r^i,],^.  ,,f  (i,o  f.nt  ti,;,t  tlu'  fat  Imj;  is  iimi- 
ally  an  oldi-r  and  iiinre  mature  animal  than  tlie  hacnii  lio^, 
we  can  ])r(ilialily  inider>tanil  the  reasnn  why  inni  feedm;,'  is 
not  .so  injurious  in  the  ease  of  the  fat  ho;,'.  The  dilYeieiieo 
in  the  methods  of  enriii}.;  ma;  al>o  have  an  inlhicnce  upon 
the  texture  of  the  haeon. 

XOTI'.S  ()\  I.()(  )1)  STl'I'l'S. 

It  will  invariahty  he  found  that  a  mixture  of  foods  ,L,'ives 
iietter  results  than  a  ^mii\v  kind.  In  the  notes  uhieh  follow, 
the  prineipal  foods  whicli  have  heen  used  for  In  :;s  are  hnetly 
disensse<l,  and  snj;j,a'stions  otVeietl  re^jardin.i;  their  combina- 
tion with  otlier  foods. 

Peas.  Wliole  peas  art  very  palatable  but  entirely  too 
wastefid.  as  ho},'s  do  not  dii,'est  them  thorouj,dily.  i'ea  meal 
is  a  valuable  food  but  should  never  be  fed  alone.  The 
heavy,  rtose  nature  of  the  meal  renders  it  difficult  to  dij;est, 
and  the  ])i^'s  are  very  apt  to  sicken.  It  combines  well  with 
barlc\ .  or  barley  and  wheat  middliiii^s.  .\  few  well  ^rroimd 
oats  nia\  also  be  adiled.  Teas  are  noted  for  the  excellent 
(jualitx  of  bacon  which  they  ])roduce. 

Barley.  'I'his  is  a  noted  Iio<;-  food  in  I".uro]ie,  but  some 
feeders  on  this  side  of  the  Atl.intic  do  not  look  uiion  it  with 
favor.  In  exiicriments  at  the  <  )utario  .\sricuUur;d  Collej,'e, 
excellent  results  were  obtained  from  barle\.  1)oth  in  the 
amount  of  tjain  made  by  the  ho<,js  and  the  ([uality  of  bacon. 
For  yotni).j  pij:js,  it  should  be  mixed  witii  wheat  middlin-s, 
a  vcrv  little  barley  beiufj  used  at  first  and  the  (piantitv  ir^ad- 
ually  increased.  l"or  older  |ii<js  .almost  anv  other  kind  of 
jjrain  may  1)C  adiled  if  desired.     Some  succulent  food,  stuli 


I   I    I    IHM.     AMI     M  \  N  \".l    MINI 


.i>  loots,  I'V  ;;rt'iii  IimmI,  sliniild  .ilwav^  ''i  t\'l  will)  it.  ami 
-kini  milk  makes  a  ^;rial  impr.ivcnuMil.  It  is  not  j,'iiiriallv 
icnanli'il  with  la\i  r  as  a  I'l.od  (or  lin'iiliii;,'  sows,  .md  wli.ii 
usfil  for  tliis  |)iiriiosc,  it  slunild  toiistitiitf  <>iil>  a  small  jir"- 
poitiuii  ('■'  till'  ration 

Wheat.  'riii>  gram  lias  a  liii^lur  tCiMlm;.'  valiii'  tlian 
liark'v,  liiit  rc(|uiris  misinj,'  with  otiur  incil  to  );ol  the  lust 
results.  It  eoiiihiiies  very  well  with  harle\,  or  liarle\  and 
iinddlinj;s. 

OatB.  Owing  to  the  amount  >>i  fihre  in  this  fiM.d.  hoj,"^ 
cannot  dii^est  it  so  well  as  eaii  e.ittle  <  >als  are  more  suitahle 
for  matured  hreediiij;  st..ek  than  for  \oiin^;  or  fattening  pij^s, 
though  a  few  tiiielv  Lrrotiiid  oats  ma\  he  used  in  a  mistiire 
to  give  variety  and  to  li^,diteii  heavier  meal,  such  as  that  finm 
jica.s,  wheat  or  eorn.  .\  few  liiielv  firouiul  oats  comhiiied 
with  niiddliiifjs  make  a  ver\  uood  food  for  yoiink'  pif-'^. 
lhoii;;h  it  is  hetter  to  have  anv  coarse  hulls  sifted  oir  . 

Rye.  Rve  has  a  foo<l  value  a  little  lower  than  wheat,  and 
.1  little  iiigluT  than  harley.  It  may  he  used  in  practically 
the  s.imc  way  as  wheat. 

Corn.  Tliis  is  a  fattening  foo<l  and  is  not  comliicive  tn 
the  development  of  hone  and  muscle.  It  is  eiitir.  Iv  unsnita- 
hle,  therefore,  for  use  as  the  main  part  i>f  a  ration  for  youiiL; 
crowing  pi.gs  I'V  for  hreedinj.:  stock.  When  fed  alone,  it 
gi\es  poor  results  in  jnoiluciuL;  i,'aiii  in  weight,  and  its  had 
intltieuce  upon  the  (|Ualit\  "i  hacou  has  already  heen  de- 
scribed. If  led  at  all.  it  houid  he  mixed  largel\  with  h*rley 
or  miild'iiigs.  or  both,  and  s,_,iiie  ftirm  of  succiiK'iit  food  nr 
■.kim  milk  sliouM  always  he  fed  with  it.  Owing  to  its  teii- 
denc\  to  pro<luce  soft  hacon.  it  should  he  tiseil  as  little  a» 
possible  when  hacon  is  the  ohject. 

Middlings.  'I'lus  hy-product  is  also  called  shorts,  though 
some  millers  make  a  distinction  hetwecii  shorts  an<l  mid- 
dlings.    It   -s  almost  universally  used   for  young  pigs,  and 

•  .        .-  11        .  1.    ,.       ...1.     ■ ;i..i.i.,        Tf    ,. 

'Iii.\*.''i     Witil     Si\im     ;::::u     •.•.i:*^..:     r;:*..::     .-     .:  *.  .:;:.:t  •:'_.       tt      v.  :_> 

Hourv,  it  is  safer  to  mix  some  tiueiv  grouml  onts  with  it.  or 


■\•-^*,' 


1  Kl-.lllM.    AMI    M,\S.\l.KMI   N  1 


n 


iviii  .1  lilllf  l)r;m  wluti  iim<1  fnr  wry  v.uiiik  pi^s.  otlicrwiNC 
it  NiiiiK'tinus  laiists  iiiili>;cvti<iii.  S'sikin^j  f'T  a  frw  hours, 
or  -lalilin^;,  imimivi'N  it  I'lr  \>miiK'  V^K^^  It  loinliiiu'*  uell 
with  aliiMi^t  aii\  kiinl  i>f  I'lcal  ami  makes  a  gfxxl  f<i<)«l  for 
pi^s  of  all  a!,'f>>. 

Bran.  'Ihc  u>.c  "f  hran  in  pi^'  f'-'-'litiR  i*  rather  lmiiti'<I. 
It  ciiiitaiiis  too  iiiiuli  filin-  ami  is  rathir  too  hiilky  to  In-  fc<l 
in  lar),'i'  (|uaiitilics  to  |)ij,'s.  SoiiutinK-s  a  littlf  'f  it  can  he 
lisoil  to  a.lvaiita^f  tor  liii'  purpose  of  iliiiitiil!,'  or  li^'htfiiiiip 
other  fi«"ls.  as  lias  hei'ii  imlicateil.  It  eaii  he  iiseil  in  larjjer 
(|iiantitv  for  mattireil  hreeilinj,'  stmk.  where  the  ohject  is  to 
hold  the  animals  in  li);:ht  hreeilm^'  CMmhtion. 

Oil  Cake.  As  a  rule.  hoj,'s  are  not  ])artieularly  fond  of 
oil  eake.  A  ver\  small  (|nantity  may  he  used  in  the  ration 
of  nursiiij;  sows  nr  \ounn  pi^'s  after  the_\  are  weaned.  .\s 
much  as  one-fifth  of  the  total  ration  may  he  composed  of  oil 
cake,  if  the  pi^'s  can  he  iuduceil  to  eat  it.  Where  skim  milk 
is  availahle,  the  use  of  oil  cake  is  of  douhtlul  advanlagc. 

Gluten  Meal.  {'ihitcn  meal  is  similar  in  value  to  oil 
cake  and  may  he  used  in  ahout  the  same  way. 

Cottonseed  Meal.  This  food  has  heen  largely  experi- 
mented with  in  the  I'uited  States,  hut.  up  to  <late.  no  really 
satisfactory  reports  have  come  to  hand.  There  seems  to  be 
sonu'thinp  in  it  which  acts  as  a  poison  to  pi^js  and  frc(iuently 
causes  death.  I'"urther  investi},'ation  is  necessary  hefore  it 
can  be  classed  -imonp  the  ilesirahle  foods  for  swine. 

Tankage.  This  is  a  by-product  from  the  lartje  slauKlitcr 
houses  and  varies  consiiierably  in  comi)osition.  \cry  i,'ood 
results  were  obtained  with  this  food  at  the  (  >ntario  .\};ricul- 
lural  College,  esjiccially  in  cases  where  skim  milk  was  not 
available  for  young  pigs,  it  seems  to  be  well  adapted  to 
feeding  with  corn,  as  it  apparently  furnishes  a  good  deal  of 
Ihi'  material  in  which  cor"  i-  deticicut. 

Blood  Meal.  This  b\ -product  of  the  slaughter  house  is 
commonly  recommcndcil  for  feeding  .along  with  corn.  .\t 
the   <  )utario    Agricultural    follege,    where   it   was    fed   with 


1   I    I    111  '.  ■•      X  Ml     M   V  \   VI    I    \11     .1 


III!  \«i|     l;I  .1111^       ll     I'll  i\  I   il     I'  II  I     I    \|KII^I\f      |i  i|      IM    111    t  .ll     'I-1-.     .1111 1 

■Ii'l   lii'l   iMW    1^   1^.1. Ill   i<-ii1|n  .1.  i|ii|   llir  l.iiik,ii;< 

Skim  Milk.  \\  uli  ilu'  i m  i  iitinii  ni  v^hnli-  nulK.  ilu  u'  is 
luiliiji^  iiii   i' I  lulhr  -uiiiil  111  |ii^-  III  .ill  ,ti,c-  ill. Ill  ^kiiii 

iimIU.        It  '-lnii.ilU     liiliitlii.il    III    till     1  .l-r    iif    \.illlii;    \'^U.^' 

111. I  I.  inN  I  111. .111. ill  till-  .|.  \  .  1.  .|iiMint  "I  liiilir  lil'l  iiiM>.i  li- 
lilt  l.ltli'liiiu;  |illl  |ii  i~i  ~,  imiL  h.i..  Inrii  I'iiiihI  |.i  Ii.im'  'lli 
u;li'.iti'^l  t'liiil  \.illlr  |rl  liHi  |i.'iiiiiN  wlirli  'Lit  inntc  ill. ill 
lllUr  p'lllll'K  III  milk  .itr  Il-nl  hH  i.ull  |>iint|i|  nl  IIU'.ll. 
I(i|  III  llii>  \\,i\.  ;i>  liiw  .1-  {.!~  ]i.inii'U  111  ^ki'ii  milk  ll.ivc 
'itii\(il  iijM.il  III  lim  |iiillli'N  "t  iniM'l  inc.ll.  Tlll>  l^  ,ill  fS- 
>  >]itli  ill.ilU  ^...ii|  -111  i\\  iiiu;.  Ill  i\\  tAil  .  Ill  l>.iiii~li  i\|)cn- 
nH'Ilt>.  II  ri'iiuii'l.  nit  .III  .i\i  i,iL;r.  .ilinlil  i  i  ><  i  |iiiiiiiiN  nl  iii'lk 
III  i'i|il,il  KHi  |iiiiiii,N  ,,t  iiic.il  .  lull  III  llli^  *.i-.c  .1  M'lv  mill  ll 
l.irmT  I'ti  iliiilll.  ill   III'  llillk    111  lllr.ll    W.l^    ll^cil   ill. Ill    lllc   prii|iiit- 

limi  mriitiiiiuil  .ilrii\r.  In  t.iilmi^  --kini  milk.  llu'ii-fi  ifc, 
the  tiiilii  i!iii-l  I..KC  mill  .Hrniiiu  tlir  iii.itiM'  i.  i^l  nf  milk 
.111-1  mcil  m  ilii-.i  Imi^  \\l:,it  ]  il  i  ii  i.  M  I  !■  iii-  In  Inil  \  -trnlip 
||i>iiit  111  1,11.1'r  111  -I. Mil  milk  i^  tlif  1. mtIIchI  i|ii.ilit\  n\  li.u-nii 
It  |itiii|iii  1-^  It  t(ii.|~  ti>  i-nnci-t  till'  o\il  iiilliu'iu-f  111  cnni 
w  lu'ii  inl  111  1  ntiiiiiu  111  111  with  that  i'iumI.  Mini  .it  tlu'  <  >iitari(> 
Vt^rii'iilliiial  C'liMi-^r,  hill;-  inl  -kmi  milk  in  ci 'ii  niiu-tn  m 
with  iiu'.il  pfi  iiliui,'!!  iiim  li.uiiii  ihniiLili  k(|i|  111  rii!ii|i.ir.iti\i'l\ 
;:!<i>(.'  II  mtiiu  iiu  111  The  rMilKiuc  lit'  n.iiii'.h  Ikumii  i>  hd 
I'milit  i.iiuciv  iliir  til  tlu-  I'.ii  I  th.tt  hiiim.iik  1-  .1  Imlti'i  m.ik- 
mi;  ci  iiiiiii>, .  .iml  nr.iil\  .ill  Iiiil;>  .in.'  iril  mnri-  nf  U-^s  skim 
milk    nf   hiitlrrimlk. 

Buttermilk.  Th'>  inmliH-t  \.\v<a--  iMii-i.UT.ihK  in  c mi- 
ll.i-itimi.  .K|uii.lmu'  11)11111  the  mrlli'i'N  nf  lln'  InitU't-m.ik^-f. 
In  -I  iiiu-  .M-i  -,  I.ii-^r  ;ii'  Mimls  lit"  w  .lUT  timl  tlinr  w  .in  ini.i  tlir 
I  tntrrmilk  t.ink,  .ni'l  i  i  .ii^r  ni.  iiil\  rriliu-c  ilio  \,i!iU'  nf  ilic 
Imlti  rmilk.  Wluir  't  i  iv.t  ihliitii'  w  ,ili  w.iiir  it  i>  prac- 
;  ii'.'il'*    (  i|!!;il   ill  \  ai'ir  !•  1  -kim  iiii'k. 

Whey.  'I'liiiii.!.  im-mtalik-  f.  .1  \ri\  Miitii;,:  pii^s,  a  lim- 
itfil  amnmit  nf  \\lic\  u'm  -  \ii-\  -n  .1  iTsnlis  .iftrr  tlu-  pitj^ 
TC   tlinr   nr    iniir   iiinml,.   ,.],],      'rh,.   !i,ii.,ri.)    \-rii  iilliiral 


I    I    111  %■        V  Ml     M   \  \   XI    I    \||    \  I 


I  I .  liri'  iilil.ilin  il  llic  lit  -I  tiiiill^  I'riilll  \s  !li\  It  (illllj;  li\  ii*iilj» 
"iiU  III.  mull  u  In  V  I  iii.ikf  till'  nuiil  intii  a  tliuk  ^liip.  \\  In  n 
iiil  til  till-  vsa\,  It  v\aN  fiinii'l  that  it  ri<|mrri|  (rnin  i .-  tn  14 
|ii'Uiii|s  iif  wlu'v  to  Ik"  ruiial  in  fcodiiii;  value  to  one  |>onii«i  of 
till  Mil  iiual.  This  i>  a  viry  iiiiuli  lui^licr  fcciliii^  value  lor 
\xlii\.  Iiiiuever,  than  eati  he  exiHcti'I  when  it  i-  fe'l  in  lar;;e 
i|ii,iiititii'*.  Its  iiithieiue  njMin  the  tiriiiness  of  haeon  was 
\ei\   >ali>-faetot\ ,  ami  it  ai)|>eareii  tu  corrcet  llie  hail  iiitlu- 

<  nee  of  laek  of  exereiso. 

Sugar  B«et*.  I  logs  Mem  to  prefer  Mijjar  heets  to  altnoot 
alls  otliiT  kiiul  of  roots.  Some  ihlTereiice  of  o|iinioii  exists 
ri'Hartiin^,'  the  .imoiint  of  riwit*  whitli  ma\  he  fe<l  with  protit 
to  lio(,'«  Koiits  should  he  feij  in  iimitei!  (jiiantity  to  -mall 
pi^s,  hilt  pij,'s  \\ei^,'hin^  over  i(i«)  poiiiicN,  live  \\eit,'ht.  will. 
Ill  Miine  eases,  tal  e  five  or  six  times  as  iiuuh  rixit-  as  meal, 
hy  wei}.;lit,  ami  make  very  ^ood  jjains.  .\s  a  rule,  however, 
a  imuli  smaller  jiroportioti  of  roots  to  mej'l  will  he  fomitl 
)irelirahie.  Ahoni  fcnal  jiarts  hy  weight  of  riHits  aii<l  iiual 
makes  a  N'TV  ),'oo(1  ctiiuhination.  The  proportion  of  routs 
ma\  he  inenased  <-onsii|erahly  if  thi>iii.;ht  ailvisahle  a-  the 
hoj^s  advaiue  in  wei^^ht.  In  all  experiments  at  the  ( )iuario 
A|j:riettltnral  follef.;e.  and  at  the  (."entral  l-'.xperimeiital  l-'arm, 

<  'ttawa.  \ery  satistaetor\  result-  were  ohtaiiud  from  root 
leediiiL;  so  far  as  tirmiie-s  :>[  hacnn  was  eoiueriud. 

Mangels.  Thoii>;li  not  ipiite  sn  hi;.;h  in  ftediiij.j  value, 
m.-m),'els  eom])are  very  favorahl\  with  -u;.Mr  hi-et-  "or  \\'i'^ 
feeding:.  If  the  Iioi;s  have  not  heeii  led  siij^r.ir  heeV-,  they 
will  cat  manv:els  very  rcailil\.  Tluir  inlUtciu-e  iii)iiii  the 
lirmncs?  of  hacon  i-  the  same  a-  that  of  -u^'ar  heet-. 

Turnips.      Hoj^s  are  not  so  fund  of  turniii-  .-i-  of  man-els 

iml  su^ar  heets,  hut  if  'hey  ilo  not  know  the  ta-te  of  either 
manjjels  or  suiLrar  heets,  they  will  eat  a  coiisidirahle  iitiantily 

if  ttirni])s.  Turnips  arc  m.ade  more  palataMi  h\  cooking;, 
lliiiui,di  it  is  douhtfiil  whether  eookini:  increa-e-  their  actual 
feedmL'  value,  which  i-  very  -imil.ir  to  that  of  main'el-.  It 
iia-  heeii  fouml  that  the  fiediiij„'  of  turnips  aloiij;  with  a  mea, 


•« 


I  >  t  III  M.     t  Ml    tl  \  \  «i.l  U>  ^  I 


1. 


ration.  j;ivi«  a  lirnur  i|iialil>    ui  li.uun  lliau   wluii  tmal   ih 
fi'<l  all  IMC. 

PeUtOM.  C'ookmj;  i*  «'«»ciitial  m  orilcr  to  k***  '''*'  ''^'^^ 
rc^ultx  from  polatin"..  If  ilu\  can  !•«•  uMikfil  «o  a^  to  iiavo 
tlu'nt  ilrv  ami  nualv.  Iio^js  will  cat  lluin  nimli  more  rcailil). 
riie  i<Nik«'il  iwiiai.H><  make  a  vrr\  palataMr  f'«"l  wlun 
Mia>Iu'.|  ami  mixril  with  nual.  Tlnir  mlliiciuc  upon  the 
i|na!ili   of  liacon  is  aKo  iK'nctii  iat. 

Artlcbokea.  in  Mimo  Mition*  ihi*  iTo|>  is  v<r\  [wipular 
as  a  iio^;  fiMnj.  It  is  most  smlahic.  Iiowwcr,  for  somt-wliat 
li^riit,  saniis  soils,  .\rticliokcs  ma>  Ik-  plantiil  in  tlu-  late 
fall  or  larlv  spritifj  in  rows  .'i  to  n  inches  apart,  ami  from 
ij  to  \H  imhi's  apart  in  the  rows.  Thc-y  arc  nsnally  rt-aily 
to  fccil  aliotit  ScptcmUr  15th,  ami  the  ho^s  are  turned  in 
to  ilij;  the  tnhers  for  themselves.  Frost  iloen  not  injure  arti- 
chokes, ami' nsuallv  enoU);li  are  left  in  the  yronml  for  an- 
'  ther  crop,  if  it  is  thought  ailvisahle  to  leave  them.  When 
it  is  ilesired  to  erailicate  them,  the  ho^'s  may  he  turne«l  on 
them  a^ain  in  the  sj)rinu,  ami  the  plot  suliscquently  sown 
with  turnijis  or  some  other  hoed  crop,  .\rtichokes  have  a 
little  liij^her  fiedinj^  value  than  potatoi's,  and  I  >  arc  very 
foiul  of  ilu-m. 

Sugtr  Beet  Pulp.  Sonte  experiments  have  In-en  cnn- 
ducled  with  this  food  for  swine,  ami  it  was  fonnd  that  when 
it  ilid  not  contain  an  excessive  amount  of  moisture,  its  feed- 
ing value  was  very  similar  to  that  of  su^ar  heets.  It  is  not 
so  palatahle  as  the  heets.  and  some  difficulty  was  exper- 
ienced in  inducin;,'  the  hops  to  eat  it  freely. 

Pumpkins.  Tlic-se  have  a  feedin^j  value  very  similar  to 
that  of  turnip.s,  and  they  may  he  used  in  practically  the  same 
way. 

Beet  Molasses.  This  hy  product  from  the  heet  snpar 
factory  has  hecn  experinieiited  with  as  a  food  for  swine  quite 
cxtensiveK'  in  (lermaiiy.  and  to  a  limited  extent  in  the 
I  *;iit<i;l  CiMi.t^,  Tit  lilt*  \ !U'.'rii';'.ii  1' \!H'riMit'!it s,  iw.A  ;ilso  \i\ 
sumc    of    the    German    •■xpcrinients,    heet    molasses    jiroved 


[„,i,.,ii.>(i,  to  till  h  .i.'v  ill.. null  ^•>m«•  (..■rtii.m  ex|»rrimeiiti'r* 
Ml.  nt.j  <l  III  fti"litiv;  .1  III."!.  r.itf  .(ii4ntit\  vviih  imJk.  In  th'* 
lii;ltt  .it'  .>iir  priMiit  kii-.\vl«'lKc,  huwcvcr,  tlii*  (<»«-xl  cann«>t 
Ik'  ri'niniiiirii<li-.|  i"T  >wm«', 

FendinK  Value  of  Root*.  A»  lia-.  .tlr«-.t'l\  Inrn  nui 
ni.Ui.l,  inii.h  ni  ihf  fmlini;  v.iitu-  of  r.»>t'  lonMNt*  m  ili«ir 
r(T«it  ti|Min  III.'  ^,'<lu•r.^l  lu.illli  -.f  tiu'  animal  Tlu-y  teii-l  1. 
prt-vtiit  iiulit;.  Mii.n  ;iii.,l  i  ..ii^tiiMtion,  a". I  t'l  fir.jiiudc  i,'.Miirai 
thrift.  Tln'  riMilt>  <>i  l.  >t^  .it  i  s|Hriiiunt  »lati.in>  in.lu.tt 
tiiat  fr.im  '•  to  K  fM.tin.l-  .if  Ml^,'ar  Inrtv  mani:.N.  i>r  turm|M 
are  c.|HivaUiit  in  f^^•.illl^,'  valiu  t<i  on.-  jKinnd  of  miwl  in.al  , 
an'!  lli.it  4  to  4';  poun.N  "f  |>otat<H>.  arc  cquivalt-nt  to  .,110 
jxnm.l  of  miM.l  nual.  The  mial  equivalent  of  roots  varux 
cniisi.j.ralils,  .jipiiKliiit,'  upon  iirciinistanccs,  luit  tlic  figure. 
yiviMi  will  "i.rvc  .1^  a  t,'Ciurai  unulc. 

Rape.  Thi»  i>  an  <m<i>iioiu1I\  valuahU-  f.HHl  f.)r  swiiio, 
and  inav  lie  pa!.lnrc.l  or  cnt  ami  fed  t'»  the  pi^s  in  liie  p.  m> 
I'.ir  faitenin^r  lio^"*.  hist  results  were  ohtaincd  hy  the  <  )iitari.> 
.\j;riiulniral  I'olle^;.-  from  levdinn  alKiiit  a  l\\o-thir.l  meat 
ration  ami  all  the  rape  the  ho^s  would  eat.  The  hot,'s  «ero 
kept  ill  jieiis  w  :tli  small  outside  \ards.  and  the  rape  wa-  eut 
an<l  carrie.l  t<.  them.  This  method  of  fee.linj,'  «ave  more 
economical  «aiiis  than  fatteiiinn  ..11  jiasturc.  ami  the  h.ncon 
.vas  of  eiiually  j;.x).l  .pialitv.  I'or  liree<linp  sows,  however, 
pastiirinj;  rajie  is  jireferahle,  owiiip  to  the  exercise  the  ani- 
mals receive.  When  on  rape  pasture,  mature  sows  require 
little  other  fmxl.  hut  youny.  j;rowinp  sows  re.|uire  a  m.id- 
erate  meal  rntinn  in  adilition  to  the  rape. 

VetcbA.  llo>;s  will  eat  vetches  even  more  readih  tli.in 
raiH.  lint, the  vetches  do  not  furnish  so  much  food  per  acre. 
\etches  are  reail\  for  pasture  a  little  earlier  than  rai)e.  ami 
if  a  pari  of  the  pasture  lot  is  sown  with  vetches  early  in  the 
cpriiip,  it  can  he  sown  with  rape  after  the  vetches  have  hecn 
eafeii  ofT,  and  thus  the  grouml  will  pive  two  pasture  crops 

.l..*;,.^^   •!•;»   :it»:'   '^i»p.*i: :!'  \'etl"h.eS   !112\*   ulsO  l-'C   tlSOl!    US   ii   Soil- 

ipL;  er. >]).  as  descrihed  under  rape. 


|.. 


i'h^.v 


ir»ii>^<.   »Mi  u«««>.>«i>Ni 


w 


Hairy  Vttch.  I  Ik  »«v't  of  tin*  <f..)i  \->  v.t\  r\|>fit«i\r 
Tlun-  i»  iKi  iluiilit,  lii>wt\.r,  llt.it  It  iii.ikf^  ;tii  rMi.lini  jm" 
tiirr  rrii|i  |iir  iwiiuv  l(  ii>>t  |>.i'»liir«'"l  \i->  iI.>tU,  k  i^ihw 
ii|i  iiiiiikh  when  till'  li"n,'><  .tre  riiiiuviil  \\.r  i.irlv  •.|irit(p 
|i.i«liitr.  It  •Imtilil  Itr  ^uwn  iliiriii^'  llu'  l.ilt<  i  p. ill  nf  \ii^n>l 
««>  lli.it  it  r.in  iit.ikr  i  i'i)ti'«i>li'r,ili|i'  ^TmhiIi  iIh-  |ir('i«'<liii^  fall 
AfMMit  oiif  aiul  iHic  It."' '  liii'tiKU  111  "n-vil  |HT  ;uTr  an- 
ri'ijiiirnl 

Red  Clover.  Tlii»  intp  m  U-i  -inir.!  f.ir  |.,i^iiifi.  .iimI 
llu-  It'll.;*  >li.iii|i|  lie  j;i\tn  (|iiiti-  a  lar(.;f  railK''  "f  lit''  <i>'Vrr 
VMJI  jiktlv  lie  killrd  mil.      It  i>  t*|K'iiall\   u->fful  f.ir  lir»i'i|iii|,' 

Alfalfa.  Where  tlio  ^oil  atiil  other  I'ntiilitiiiti^  are  miii- 
ahle.  alf.ill',1  make^  an  aliHi>..t  'ile.il  pa'tttrf  f"r  *\\iin-  I'.iie 
mii't  he  t.ik«ti.  however,  iiot  to  pasture  ttm  iIum-K  or  the 
croj)  mav  Iw  ile^troxeij. 

Soja  Beaai.  I  hi*  crop  in.ikeH  .1  v.ihiaMe  «oiliii>;  crop  for 
•  \  f.  lint  I*  M'>t  Miilahle  for  pa>tiirt'.  It  ha»  a  IiiliIi  tii<lin,' 
value  ati'l  ho>;»  <',it  it  r«a<hl\  'I'lu'  i Top  j>  iin||.iII\  v,,\mi  .it 
the  r;!te  of  one-h.ilf  hti^hel  per  aire  in  ilrilN  two  feet  apart. 
The  ineilinni  ^;l^':l  \  1 .  i>  i;.i;i.  •..iii>f,ii'ior\  for  ihi» 
piirpo-e.  It  i-"  n^iialh  *o\mi  in  the  earl\  part  of  Ma\. 
Though  the  soj.i  hean  h.i\  a  hi^^hcr  tteilmi;  v.iliie  lit. in  r.ipe. 
it  il'K'>*  not  yieM  m>  iiiiuh  loiMtr  per  ai  re.  ,'(ii<l  is  rather  more 
troiiMe    to    pl.int. 

Green  Rye.  l.iH  .st>uii  ryi'  will  in.ike  :\  very  e.irh  sprmjj 
p.istnre.  ;iiiii  .ifter  it  It.is  heen  e.ileii  oil',  the  u'roiinil  iii.iv  he 
sown  'vith  some  otlivr  eroji  siiih  ,is  rape.  it  h;i>  iio(  a  verv 
hi;,'h  feiilin^  vahie  am!  its  mam  ret  ommeinl.iti'iii  is  the  f;nt 
tli.it  if   yives  very  earU    pasturi  . 

Alfalfa  Hay.  \-  a  fiiod  for  swine  the  seeond  or  third 
cutting,'  of  alt.tita  is  tlu'  must  s,i'isfattor\ .  the  fir^t  iiittiii'; 
heill^;  .soiiiewli.it  coarse.  X'liir.eroiis  i\perimtnts  have  heen 
made  with  alt'.ilf.i  as  .1  stthstitnte  for  p.irl  of  the  meal  ration 
for  ho^s,  and  while  it  will  not  entirely  siihstitiite  meal,  .il 
the  same  tune  it  l;ims  bulk  and  \.irut\   to  the  t I  and  1  I 


t  M  III  M.      %  ■»«■    M  \  >  \'    I   Ml   >  I 


>l't 


i 


(iii^  .1  1  oii^hIi  r.ilili  ^.liiiij;  III  ilii-  .iiii'iiint  III  iiu'al  rrf|iilrri| 
(•>r  MMiiiliMi.nKv  Aininliitjj;  In  Mimr  v  (K-tiinrnl»,  it  dul  ii'it 
.  (fii  t  •<>  i;ri-.it  a  'rtviiin  of  iiual  nn  iIkI  '.iiijar  lirct».  \\  licii 
-(««|K<I  iM  «.ilpr  ami  niist.I  \\n\\  \]\,-  nwnl  ratmti,  it  it  cxiil- 

!.  lit    liif  liliTililn;  *f.,-k,  .ill'l   lll.lk^■^  .1   vrr\    (.iir   ■•ilh^llltllc-   lor 

riM  its 

Red  Clover  Bay.      SouikI  >ri>|i  r«-<l  dovrr  nuis  U-  ii^xl 

III  llii'  ^.nm  u.i\  .!■>  .lll.ilt.l,  llwill(;l|  It  h.ii.  iMfirK  »>  i  !vu'i 
a    Irtiliti',^    \..lllf 

Corn  SlUge.  I  tare  i-  vit\  liitU-  fri-itinu  v.iliu'  iti  avcr- 
A'^v  mm  -.lUyr  '•!>  I.it  .IN  h<ni^  arr  miuTninl  Wli- ti  tucil 
it  .ill,  It  iiui\  lir  iittli/nl  NiinpK  In  ^fivi-  varietv,  f>|K'viallv 
v\Ik-ii  iitluT  liiilkv  fiMMix  arr  not  availahic  It  i-  a  im»l.iV:c. 
llovM'vrr.  Ii.  .illtin|it  t-i  fmir  li.i-s  to  rat  lar^^r  i|iiaiililii -  'jf 
till"  liiilk>.  (ihriMiN  iiiatrnal. 


C  !1  AI''I  IK  \II. 


I 


MIS(."l'.l.l..\\l".('l'S. 
CddKisr,  l"rM)i>  i(ii<  SwisK. 
A    great    mans    fxiKTimciits    have    l)fcii    romliictod    with 
cooked  fc"»l  for  'wiiio  at  various  evperiment  '<tatioPv.     The 
results  of  tests  from  differeiU  stations  nIiow  ma.  y  coiitraihc- 
torv  results;  sometimes  the  cooked  f 1  scoring  an  advan- 
tage, hut  ofte'ier  the  uncooked  food  takin;;  ilie  lead.      So  far 
as  can  he   made  out    from  the  results,   it   would   stem  that 
cooking  meal  does  not  increase  its  digestihility  and  feeding 
value,  and  the  weight  of  evidence  .>  in  favor  of  the  theory 
that    cooking   tends    t.     decrease    the    iligestihility    of    meal. 
I'olatoes.    however,    apiu-ar    to    he    unproved    hv    cooking. 
Turnips  ar-  rendered  more  palatai)le  hy  cooking,  hut  it  is 
doubtful   whether  their   feeding   value  is  increased  therehy. 
If  it  is  desired  to  feeil  a  large  iiuantity  of  turtiips.  no  doubt 
cooking  is  an   -idvantage.      In  the  case  of  sugar  beets  and 
mangels,  which  the  Ito-s  e.u  rea<lily  in  the  r.iw  st.ite,  it  is 
verv  doubtful  whether  cooking  i)avs.     On  the  whole,  there- 
fore, cooking  apparently  tends  to  make  foods  utore  palatable, 
but  its  etTect  upon  <ligestibility  ai)pears  to  be  injurious  rather 
tlian  benet'icial.  with  the  exception  of  jxitiitoes.     The  feeder, 
therefore,    will    have   to   be    governed    by    circmnstances    in 
deciding   whether  it   will  be  advisal)le   for  liim  to  cook  the 
food  or  ni  't. 

So.\Ki:i),  Wi:t  .\ni>  Drsv  \\y.\h. 
So  far  as  can  be  gleaned  from  exj)erimcnts  to  date,  soak- 
ing meal    for   sevral    Ivurs   before    feeding   app.-ar.-.   to  l)c 
beneficial,      it    is   <'      'iful.   however,    whether    wetting  the 
f !    :.,-.   1,,.;...,.   •.  ..-  \:-.,   .-,  rv  ,  =  ,::r!i   U^<h^,■■:^rr       One  of 


91 


liic  difficulties  ill  ftfiliii';  ilr>  meal  is  tin-  iircvi'iition  of 
w.'.ste.  i>arti(ul.irl>  in  mitsitle  fl•c■llillK^  wIrmv  a  larvjo  luim- 
liiT  of  Imj^s  arc  fciI  t<);;ctlKT.  Fii  siicli  cases,  considrralile 
1  al  is  tlimwn  out  of  the  Iroujdis  and  train])led  into  tlie 
•artli.  Wlu-re  only  a  few  lioj^js  are  ful  to^'etlier.  especially 
V  \ere  ti.'y  are  fe<l  in  a  ])en  with  a  cement  tloor.  tliere  is  ver\ 
little  waste.  When  the  meal  is  fid  wit  ilurini,^  cold  weather, 
there  is  danger  of  forcing  a  hoi,'  to  take  more  water  than  it 
rii|iiires.  This  is  mo>t  important  in  the  case  of  hreedint^ 
sows,  especiallv  where  thc\  are  fi'd  outdoors.  l'"or  outdoor 
fiediii).;  in  winter,  dry  meal  is  preferalilc.  There  i;ia\  lie  a 
waste  of  meal  hut  this  waste  wil'  he  more  than  paid  hack 
in  the  heneficial  inlliience  this  method  of  feedini;  has  upon 
the  sows.  The  whole  matter  after  all  is  larj^eK  one  of 
iud^nient,  ami  calls  for  careful  study  of  the  condition.s 
i.iider  which  the  feediiip  is  done.  l"or  ordinary  winter 
fi-edinj;,  very  satisfactory  results  can  he  ohtained  from 
mixing'  the  dry  meal  with  pulpeil  roots  ami  allowiny;  the 
mixture  to  stand  from  one  feedin<^  time  to  another.  Iloth 
roots  and  meal  seem  to  he  made  more  palatahle  in  this  way. 
In  warm  weather  there  is  much  less  danger  of  sui)plying 
more  water  than  is  re(|uired.  and  the  chances  are  the  hogs 
will  re(|uire  coiisiderahle  water  in  addition  to  that  su])plied 
with  their   food. 

r.KdC.M)    .\.\|i    I'M.UorM)   CiKAIV. 

American  experiment  stations  have  iii;.ile  a  large  numher 
of  experiments  with  whole  corn  versus  ground  corn.  Re- 
sults have  heen  an\tliing  hut  uniforin.  .\s  .1  rule,  the 
ground  corn  has  had  a  slight  advantage  over  the  unground, 
hut  in  m.uiy  cases  not  sufficient  to  pa\  for  the  grinding. 
The  smaller  grains,  such  a  i)eas,  harlev .  etc.,  appear  to 
show  a  greater  advantage  from  grinding  and  there  is  little 
douht  that  the  grinding  of  ordinary  grain  is  ailvisahle, 
es])ecially  when  jirices  for  grain  are  hi.gh.  If  it  is  ever 
deemed  advisahlc  to  feed  whole  .grain,  it  will  he  found  an 
advanta^'c  to  soak  it   tlioroii"liK   hrfnri'  {•■•■f|ino- 


^' 


Kki.atiiin  i>\:  I.im:  Wr.K.in  lo  I'.conkmv  oi'  Cain. 
In  various  .xpi-riimuts.  it  lias  '.cen  slunvn  that  the  ammint 
„f  meal  mnu.ol  for  a  i.omul  «'f  g  .in  in  wciglit  stra.liK 
increases  as  ttic  l.i^  I'cn.iucs  heavier.  The  expeniueiils 
with  pure-hred  -wine  at  the  Ontario  Atiricnhnral  CIUkv 
l,r.Hi^;ht  out  this  point  iiuite  elearly,  as  the  followini,'  state- 
ment shows. 

Meal   Ri<iiiirc.l   for 
I.ivf  \\v<Kht  of  II. .Ks.  loolt.     liuT.a-r  m   W  t-mlil 

S4  to    Sj  ii.mn.U  .'■"  l"'iin.  s 

I,,    ,n    1,S   l.M„M,l~  ■  !.<«    1""""^ 

I4S    tu     170    POMIKI-  15.S    P"'""1S 

Prof,  \V.  .\.  lleiirv  in  his  hook,  "I'ee'N  ami  l"ee<liiiK." 
t^ives  a  verv  interesting'  tahle  niuler  this  head  which  he 
compiled  from  /.le  resnhs  of  nianv  experiment  stations. 
This  tahle  indicates  that  ho^rs  weiK'tii'ik'  fr"'"  '50  to  2fx) 
p,,nnds  re<inire  4«_'  pc.nnds  of  meal  for  100  ponn<ls  -ain  m 
wei^dit:  from  Joo  to  --50  pounds.  4<)8  pounds  of  meal:  and 
from  2W  to  3CK1  pounds.  511  pounds  of  meal.  It  will  he 
seen  from  these  f^Rures  that  the  weii,dit  at  which  the 
Canadian  packer  wants  the  lioR  is  just  al.out  the  limit  of 
profitahle  feeding. 

CoKRKCTU  1:^. 
Suinc  appear  to  have  a  craving  for  what  niii:ht  he  called 
'•unnatural    suhstanccs."     This    is    especially    true    of    ho-s 
that  are  kept  in  confinement,  which  will  eat  Freddy  such 
substances  as  charcoal,  ashes,  mortar,  soft  coal,  rotten  wood, 
etc.     Tt   is  prohahle  that  some  of  these  suhstanccs  are  not 
1.00,1  for  ho-s,  hut  there  is  no  doubt  that  charcoal  and  wood 
ashes    have    a    beneficial    effect,    the    former   bein^'    greatly 
relished.       It  is  goo<l  practice  to  supply  charcoal,  esi)ecially 
.luring  the  winter  months.     If  charcoal  is  n<it  available,  a 
verv  good  mixture  to  keep  constantly  before  the  pigs  in 
small  troughs  made  for  the  purpose,  can  be  made  up  of  one 
part  of  sulphur  and  about  ten  parts   of  wood  ashes.     If 
;,.,,„„„1   rharc.al    is  used   instead   nt    the  ashe^.   it   is   rallu-i 


L'.T-;'.  - 


MIM  Kl  I  AM. "I  H  "•' 

]  A  iViiihlc.      It  is  .'.aiiK...  ..     ''••".  ver.  to  witliliold  salt  fn.m 
h.pjrs  for  a  lonj;  time  aii.l  lluii  '^i\v  tluni  a  lar^;o  aiiioimt. 
If  a  supply  of  s'liiif  siu-li  mixture  as  tlia*  'lesirilKd  i->  l>«i>t 
,,)nstaiUl\   l.efore  tlie  pij^s,  tiiere  is  iin  d    .,L;cr  tliat  tliey  will 
lake  t(M)  miK-li.     Sods  make  a  very  fair  siihstittite  f^r  iliar- 
roal.     A    \vaj,'oiidoad   or   two  of    sods   i)!ace'i   conveniently 
luar  tlu-  pii;i:er\    so  that  the  feeder  ean  throw  one  or  two 
,nt.>   eaeh    I.eii   oeeasi„nallv.    will    he    f.nmd    very    beneficial 
dnnn-  the  winter.      l'it,'s  that  are  outdoors  in  summer  ;.iid 
;ia\e  accos  to  earth  and  ve-etahle  matter,  have  little  need 
..f  other  correct,   es.     'idle  term  corrective  is  used  for  want 
..f  a  better,  but  such   substances  as  those  described  .appear 
to  correct   or  prevent  deran,i;enient  of  the  dii^estivc  or^^uis 
and  pla\   a  very  important  part  in  pi;;  feedmg. 

\  r.KMIN. 

l.ice  are  a  common  source  ol  loss  to  the  hog  raiser,  and 
are    esi)ecially    injurious    to    Nouiif,'    pij;s.     They    .le    most 
comiuonl\    foimd   annuid   the  ears,   inside  the   legs,  and   m 
the   folds  of  the  skin  about  the  jowl,  sides,  and  tlauks.     A 
two  per  cent  solution  of  cieolin  (  -'  parts  creolin  to  iix)  parts 
water)    makes   a    ver>    ;        1    wash    for    lice.      Most   of   the 
-taudard  sheej)  dips  are  also  etTe'.-live.  but  treatment  of  any 
kind  must  be  repeated       veral  times  to  erailicate  these  pests. 
Coal  oil  is  very  elTective.  but  is  liable  to  blister,  or  remove 
the    hair.     .\    verv    .t^ood    wash    can    be    made    as    follows: 
Thoroughly  mix  4  .-.unces  of  soft  soap  with  6  ([uarts  oi  soft 
water;  then  add  S  ounces  of  naphtha  and  mix  as^ain.     This 
wash  makes  a  s<"^'l  iusecticide.  and  is  also  beneficial  to  the 
^kiu.     Thorout;h  cleaning  of  the  pens,  and  spraying  them 
witli  a  .i,'ood  disinfectant,  such  as  the  creolin  solution,  will 
be  found  helpful.     Occasional  whitewashing  also  tends  to 
keep  vermin  in  check. 

S.\Nn".\TION\ 

The  hog  is  an  extremely  difticull   animal   to  treat   when 
an\thing  goes  wrong  with  him.  and.  unless  it  is  sotue  very 


■■'  r?--.    I.'-' 


94 


Mi -I    I    I   I    \  \  I   .  M 


# 


simple  ailmi'iit.  iriMtinciit  is  -ildom  itTritivi'.  (hviii^^  t" 
lliis  f.nl.  prrvi'ittiiin  of  disrasi-  >!iinil(l  nirivi'  s|itTial  atti-ii- 
tiaii,  aii<I  tlif  ;in)\rrl>ial  (iiiiici'  of  iufviiitioii  is  worlli  a 
j^rrat  inaiiv  imiiiiuIs  of  otirc  utu'ii  ik'aliii^  will)  suiiif. 

Cleanliness.  I'iltli  is  an  osci-llfiit  liarlmr  and  hri'dlniLT 
tjrnunil  for  ilisia^r  ;,'iTnis.  C:v:v  ^Iimilil  ln'  taki'ii  lo  Iiavi' 
pi'iis  fr(.i|iiiiitlv  cli-ancil,  ami  tin-  fuqiu'iit  use  of  disinfiil- 
ants  aliout  tlio  \h\\^  and  >.ki'pinj;  (|nartt.'rs  will  ho  foinid 
profitalilo.  In  ca-i'  an\  lioi^  should  dio  in  llu'  pen.  llu'  lun 
-houl  1  ho  thoronj^hlN  iloannl  and  ^praM'd  with  disinfoctant. 
A  ;  inr  cont  solntioii  of  crmlo  larholic  acid  or  croolin  (  ; 
parts  crndi-  carholic  or  croolin  to  kxi  parts  water),  will 
he  fonnd  i  iTi-rtivo.  TluTo  aro  also  soino  i>atont  disinliot- 
ants  on  the  market,  which  i^ive  satisfaction.  If  a  lioj,'  should 
(lie  of  some  contagions  disease,  the  carcass  should  he 
hurneil,  or  huried  ht'\(i!'.d  the  reach  of  do!.;s. 

Light.  Sunlight  is  one  of  the  hest  .lisinfectants.  and 
every  effort  should  he  made  to  ailmit  ]>leiity  of  liijht  into  all 
pens.  It  must  he  rememhered  that  disease  .tjerms  llonrish 
hest  in  the  dark. 

Ventilation  and  Dryness.  To  the  diflficulty  of  secnrini: 
adeijuate  vntilation  in  the  pii^'s^ery,  may  he  trace<l  a  ijreat 
many  of  the  ills  which  the  pi^'  is  heir  to.  Rheumatism, 
hronchitis,  and  ])nennionia  are  some  of  the  commonest 
winter  trouhles  of  sw  nc. 

Rheumatism  is  caused  hy  dampness.  When  moisture 
appears  on  the  w.alls  in  winter,  which  is  most  likely  to  occur 
where  the  walls  are  of  stone  or  concrete,  it  is  a  pretty  reli- 
ahl?  danfjer  sijjnal.  Injudicious  fecdiufj  may  predispose 
towards  rheumatism.  When  a  pic  hecomes  hadly  cripi)led 
with  rheumatism,  it  is  ditficult  to  do  much  for  him,  and  the 
chances  are  that  he  will  never  return  a  i)rofit  for  the  food 
he  consumes,  .\bout  all  that  can  he  done  is  to  place  him  in 
dry  quarters  and  feed  u])oii  nourishinjj  an<l  laxative  food. 
Prevention  of  dampness,  and  hence  the  prevention  of  tiu- 
disease,  is  the  feeder's  main  hope. 


-ftr     •  ^        ,.<_.■ 


I 


MIM  H  I  ANKll  » 


y:. 


iiiiiltr  ->i\  niiiiilliN  <i!il.  Matnifil  |iij;s  .iro  -clilum  irc  iiiiilcil 
wiili  it.  If  it  ;itt:uk^  vir\  vuiij;  I'i^^.  "  !■■  "I'ti'ii  t.it.il.  Inn 
\n\i>  two  ■■r  tlinr  iiKHitli^  'M  \\\\\  ;^'<  iu  r.illy  sur\ivc-,  llii>ii^H\ 
llifir  i^rii'  *,li  .iiul  tlini'l  will  lie  -i  i'.mii>1\  mtirfrriil  witli. 
Till'  ili'-ca'-i'  i^  ac'(  oiiipanii.'(l  !i\  a  i!i-tri--siii-  i-iiu;^h.  wliitii 
itviialh  lll■-a]llPt.■ar^  with  tin-  adxciit  nf  warm  wi'atlii-r  aiiil 
.•iltijin'r  (.'Nil'i  i>-i'.  I.iulc  tail  Kc  iloiir  in  llu-  wa\  nl  uaat- 
iv.fiit.  1  )r\  ]H'iis  fill-  I'tdiii  iliaui;lit>.  iiMiiri>linii,'  iDotl.  aiiil 
:;>  iiuuli  (.xcn-i^i  a-  powililt-.  aic  ilu'  iniiuipal  i"'iiit>  t"  In- 
iiliMTMil.  l)ainii.  ilull)  |)cii^  an-  llu-  iiii)>t  i-iimiii"ii  faUM.- 
cf  \\w>  triaiMc. 

I'liriiniiiiiia  is  mure  •-cnniis.  and  i^  L;fiKrally  fatal.  Soiiic- 
tinu-s  till'  pn-^ilU'i-  nf  a  ilfad  ]ii^  in  the  jun  i^  the  lir^t  inli- 
mati'Mi  of  aiiUliiiii;  wtimii;'.  SnnK-  will  ilrai;  alnni;  for  a 
ciiU'^idcrahlt.'  tiiiU'.  ioii;.^hintj  at  friinuiit  intervals,  anil  (itluTs 
will  malNT  a  n'ci>\i'r\.  tlimi^h  tlicy  an-  '-clilum  prul'italilt- 
priipirt\'.  Tlun-  is  jiractically  nn  tri-atiuiu  uthcr  than  thai 
iksitihcil  muliT  hninihitis.  Tlic  ftcliT  w  In  >  imuc  has  o\])i'r- 
ifuri-  witli  inuiinionia.  will  realize  the  impnrtanci'  <<\  Arw- 
w^  to  priMiit  the  disease,  which  usuall\  conies  from  d;inip, 
chill)  i)ens.  Some  forms  of  the  di>ea-e  arc  conta^iou>.  and 
it  is  always  safer  to  isolate  alTected  i>i^>. 

Damp  (jnartcrs  are  also  a  fre(|uent  cause  of  indi^cslinn 
and  scoiirin;.,'  in  snckinLT  pit;s.  This  tronhle  will  treiiuenily 
wipe  out  the  whole  of  a  promising'  early  spring;  or  winter 
litter. 

'riiouii^h  the  list  of  troubles  q;iven  above  ma\  not  lie  com- 
l)Ietc.  it  will  serve  to  impress  upon  the  feeder  of  swine,  the 
importance  of  \entilatioii  and  dr\   air  in  the  pi.i;i;ery. 

Feeding.  .Mistakes  in  feedins;  are  responsible  for  a  num- 
ber of  ailments.  Partial  paralysis,  tlunnps,  and  some  forms 
of  coui^hs  are  perhaps  the  commonest  troubles  of  this  class. 
The  tninatural  appetite  wliiJi  cause-  a  sow  to  cat  her  jiitjs 
is  also  believed  to  be  caused  by  dcraiii^^ement  of  the  digestive 
origans:  and  man\  skin  diseases  are  due  to  the  same  cau>e. 
ir  to  a  combin.ition  of  causes. 


^ 


^^■■ra*-'**  M'.>r«k«i>^ 


*:«:?w*>.^-3iii£rK 


r^  \';  •  «<^i,^  ^ ' ';  .^^'^ 


iii;  Mi~i  I  I  I   \  M  111  ' 

i'.irtKil   p,ir.il\>i-   ns.inl.li-   i  In  umatiMii   in   il-   ^Muptonis. 
Tlu'  !.:uk  s..iii^  1..  Ill'  -lun.illv   .iH.vU'.l,  l),.\\i-v.T.  .ind  tlutv 
i,  ,,..1  t!u-  iiMikt.l  s.iicius-  ■■!  tlic  |..mt-  that  i-  fMiiiul  in  rluu 
iiKitisiii.      I.  ,,i)Mip;iliiiii   ;u-.oiii|.,mi(s   llu-   paralvsis,    wlini    it 
i^  .hu-  t..  .liijiMiM-  clirikull^        l'.iral\-is  iisiialls  cmms  In.i'i 

lihiTal  iVcliiii,'  anil  lack  nt  I'MTriM-.  ..r  ill.-  iVclm^'  .)l   1 1- 

of  a  cmiMipalnm   •:  •Miiv.      |u.lui..ti-<   fi'cilm^    wilt  k''""'"''") 
-.r^'Vinl    tin-  .liMaM',  l.nt   wii.ii   it   "iH-inv   it    i-  miTs-arv    t  ' 
pin.liia-  )>uii;atiMn.  Inllowril  I'V   a  limit.'.!  ratimi  nf  laNativ 
I  „,  I.      l',iv-:ili.iii  .an  ln'  .  au-cl  liv  i;ivin;;  fn.ni  t\\i>  U>  i'i:-;lil 
,,iui>-.'>  III'  .li-'in  -allv  a.o.nliii-  t..  llu'  m/i'  "I  tlu-  aiiiniiik 
It  i>  aKi.  a  .U'""'  praiti.i'  tn  L;i\i'  m  .KMilimi.  ten  to  t\vrnt\ 
...-.liiw   nitx    vomica   tlircc   tinu'-.   ilailv.      Tin-   latter   inav   l.r 
-ivin  in  till'  loo.l.  It  tlu'  animal-  will  I'at.      If  tlu-  .JiM-ast'  i- 
notiiol  in  its  first  >tai;v>,  that  is.  wlun  constipation  is  no- 
ticol,  am!  till'  lii>;,'s  appear  slii,rl,tly  stilT.  it  frcineiitly  can  l)c 
,,vcrcomc  l)v  -ivinj:  the  animals  a  complete  fast  for  twentN- 
f,,ur  hours,  ami  then  -ivinii  them  a  .Irink  of  skim  milk  wliich 
contains   a   liheral   -lose  of   s.ilts.     When   necessary   to  pivo 
meilicine  in  the  form  of  a  .Irnuh.  threat  care  must  he  excr- 
cise.l  ..r  tlie  1ml:  iii:>.v  l'^'  sutlocate.l.      i'.y  pulling'  the  cheek 
.va;iv    from    the    teeth,   and    i-ourini:   the   meilicine    in    very 
;.!..\\lv.  the  (Irenchini:  cat)  he  iloue  with  verv  liltle  risk.     'Ihe 
ho.^'  slionlil  mit  he  tiirncil  on  it-  hack  when  ilrcncheil.      i'rc- 
v.'ntion  is  better  than  cnr.'.  ami  the  skilful  hre.'.l.'r  is  not 
likelv  to  he  trouhled  h\   this  disease. 

'I'htimiis  is  a  troiihle  which  usually  attacks  little  pij,'s 
h.fore  thev  are  weaned,  ami  is  caused  hy  lack  of  exercise 
and  a  liheral  sujiply  of  the  mother's  milk.  The  result  is  an 
.-iccumulati.in  of  fat  ahoiit  the  heart  and  luii^'s.  wiiidi  inter 
feres  witl)  the  action  i>f  these  origans.  The  finest  and  fat- 
tc-t  piK  in  the  litter  is  tisu.illy  the  fir-t  to  t;i>.  The  hreathinu 
is  quick  and  apiKireiUly  di'ficult,  ami  tlu'  jerkinix  movement 
ui  tlie  flanks  of  the  \>\ii  i^ives  rise  to  the  name  "thumps." 
_\  .....ii  ,i,.y,>i. ,,,..,]  c:\~.o  of  th.nmi's  is  i.rai  iicallv  incurahle, 
and   if  preventive  mea-nres  are  ivt  taken,  the  whole  litt.r 


Ml-"!  t  I  I  A>Hil  ■«  ' 

.n,i>  I-  Inst.  Till-  .liMMSf  ranlv  ...  mrs  wlun  ilu-  liltU-  pi-- 
^.,„  -,i  ..ut.l.M.r  .-vrrnM.  hut  1-  -I'l'l'  "•"""""  •'111""'-;  ^^""''' 
1,11.  r.  ulmh  an-  kept  .--IuumI  hi  ikm^,  I'.mi.im'  i-  r-^'ii 
n.il.  rv.M  II  tlu-  iVol.r  IS  o,in|Kll.-.l  to  sp.ii.l  ..  Iru  nniml.s 
so.T.il  tiin.s  a  ,l,iv  uilh  ..  vNliil'.  t"  l'"-^^'  Ilu-  1ml''  I'lk-  '" 
,„„  .,1„,;,|  H,  ilv  |,Hi.  T!u-  ,iuMi..n  ..t  >  N.rns..  i.  .Kall  uitli 
uu.Kr   I'.T.liiii;  .111.1    Nhmau.iii.nt  ..l'   ^. "111:4    ''i!-^- 

A  s,,u  will  V.  r\  ran-1.  ..il  li.  i' 1mi;s  uIkii  -Ik-  lia>  l..rn  i.-'l 
,„,.!  inaiiaL;i-.l  a-  .!.-<  rili.  •!  m  a  ih.M'.iw  ,!iai>t.r.  If  -lie 
;,o|ini,-  Ilu  haliit.  tlul-  is  a  .laiiurr  lliat  ^lu'  u  ill  ...nluuu-  t- 
cal  lui-  1.1-s,  n.i  iiiattiT  l-w  -hi-  i  matla'^'-'l  rn!.-s  >lir  w 
a  v.i\  \alilaMr  -. 'U  .  H  uiH  I"'  I""'"'  ^■''^■''  >"  ''■'"^"  ''''''  '""^ 
sill  h,  r  1,,  tlu'  liiit.liiT  after  Ik-:   iir-l  .itii-n-.-. 

Skill  .I'-.-a-rs  ..I  \ari..ii-  kin.N  aro  .put.-  cvmnvHi.  ai.l 
.,„,H-  .^Mli.in  an-  v.-rv  ..h.tinali-.  li  tak.  11  in  ti-iu-.  iIk-n  .an 
n^ia'h  k-  .un-l.  Wasliin-  tlu-  pi--  vmiI'  a  lu..  p.-r  ■'•"!■ 
„,iilti..n  .■!  rn..liii.  'T  uilli  -.>"u-  ..lu-  ..I  tlu-  u  .-H  kn-wn  .Ips. 
will  uMialK  Ih-  f.Min.l  l.nu-luial.  .^p.-riall\  if  f.-lk.wol  k}  i1k- 
,,,,,,li.-;,ti.>ii  ..f  an  ..intiiu-nt  ma-K-  ..f  .-qual  pavt^,  ky  uri-ht. 
,,(  k.-ii/.>inali-.l  lard  aii.l   ik.wcrs  ..f  sulpluir. 

DianluK-a.  s,,nutiiiu-s  .alKMl  ••white  M-..urs."  in  suckin-.; 
pi^s.  ii'av  .■iiiiii-  lii.m  .lanii>  jn-ns  as  alr>-a.l\  n..ti-'l.  '.r  it 
,„av  o.mr  fn.m  a  t.".  lih,-ral  supp!\  -f  tin-  m-.tlu-v's  milk. 
("Miallv  ulu-n  it  .-..nu's  fn.tn  tlu-  nnlk.  tlu-  .littu-iih\  can  hi- 
r,.-til"u-.|  hx  .-hani.iin,-  tli''  Ici-.l  .'f  tlu-  snw.  (.'han-ini:  iv  -^n 
.1,.;    u    !,,...]  t.>  .Irv   f.Mi.l  will  s..nu-tinu-s  lulp.  aiul  tlu-   m'-I- 

i„-  ,,1  sulphur  U>  tlu-  s,,w  is  al-.  lu-iu-linak       \  n-an irul 

in  tlu.-  s.iw's  t'.M.,|.  tln-i-c  tinu-s  a  ,|a\  f-r  a  few  .lavs,  w.n 
..itcn  lu-li>  t.>  n-nic.l>  matters,  S.^nu'linu--  it  i-  m-ecss.-irv  to 
uive  tin-  \..unt;  p.ii;s  cast..r  ..il.  a  tc,-.-i...onlnl  keui-  a  fan- 
TkiM-  |..r  a  suckins  l>i,u'.  Maintaiiiiu-  lu-atthlnl  eon.liti.'iis 
is  the  'rri.-at  seeret  .>f  iirexenliiu-r  these  tr..nl>!es. 

Soinotinifs  the  tUsks  ..f  the  little  pi-s  -n.w  very  l..n-  an-l 
sliarp  aii.l  so  irritate  the  s,,u  that  she  either  refuses  t..  ail.'W 
tlie  pi.i:s  t.>  suek.  or  the  irritati..n  eauses  an  injiiri..ns  chauiie 
in  the  nnlk.      When  this  eau    •  is  sUsi.eete.l.  the  nu.uih>  "t 


LjKjiPs-;,r 


^*»,' fm:,Tr..--#  '*^' 


> 


»it 


\II->|   I  I  I    \  M  III 


till-  pi^js  ^llllllll|  In-  fs.imiiU'il,  ;iil<l  tllf  nl'lciiilint;  tiiNk>  lunkni 
ulV  with  a  pair  nf  •.mall  piiulu'r- 

ItoUted  Houses  \Micrc  a  laruc  niim  »r  u.'  Imu^  ari- 
ki|)t.  it  I-  N.ilcr  III  u^(  a  iininlicr  nt  Miiall.  |MirtatiU'  pi  n>.  .iihI 
iliviilc  till-  lunl  up  iiitii  Muall  t;niiip>.  mi  that  iii  llif  i  a^i'  nl 
a  ciiiita^^inii-.  ili>«M-i'  linakmi;  "lit  in  tin-  luTiJ.  all  tin-  ln'i;'' 

w  ill   111  it  111'  r\pi  i^t'.l 

Quarantine.  rruvi>ii)ii  •.limilil  lie  inailf  in  larj^'t-  lunU 
fill  i|iiarlir-  ulurc  Im;;^  that  liavi  Ihtm  pnrcliascii,  i>r 
l)riiiij,'lit  Imnif  Iruiii  ^Imw^.  tan  lie  krpl  iiitiri'lv  separate 
from  tllf  ro-l  i)f  llic  licril  fur  at  least  tlirie  weeks. 


CII.M'TI  K  Mil 


nuii.DiNc.s. 

The  t|tte'iti.m  nf  t>iiililiiij,'s  f.ir  vunii-  i-  mu  li  ;i  cnnipliraio"! 
imc  thai  It  Mcms  altnost  a  Ii(>l>ili->>  ta'-k  to  atuinpt  a  (h>- 
ciixsioii  i>f  thf  svihjcit.  Alinu'.t  every  l)i^,';:tr\  tliat  i^  fuiih, 
|M)>.sisvc.s  certain  features  peciihar  U>  itself  ami  reii<lere"l 
iKCessary  hy  the  cireiimstaiHe>  whuh  it  i->  iiiteii.leil  to  meet. 
All  that  can  he  attempted  in  a  l«M(k  <if  tins  knid  is  to  ihscuss 
the  mi.st  (lesirahle  features  of  a  i>iK'«'-'i'> •  f"r  the  vjeneral 
^;ui<lance  of  those  who  \\i>h  to  IntiM.  hnl  every  man  will 
have  to  adajit  his  hnildiiif,'  to  his  own  ]>ecnliar  re(|Uirfments. 

'i'he  most  important  qnalities  of  a  pik'k'fry  are  .Iryness. 
ventilation,  h^ht.  free<lom  from  <lranK'lits.  reusoiiahlc 
warmth,  and  coiivcniencj-. 

Dryness.  l)r\ncsh  is  closely  associated  with  ventilation, 
hnt  is  also  inlUicneed  hy  the  material  of  uhich  the  hniUlinjr 
is  constrncted.  Good  results  cainiot  he  ohtained  in  a  damp 
pen.  and  .IrijipinR  walls  are  a  pretty  sure  indication  of 
impending  flisaster.  Stone  and  cement  walls  are  ver\  cold 
in  winter  and  chill  the  air  of  the  pen.  causing  it  lo  deposit 
it-  nioistnre  npon  their  surface.  In  a  short  time  the  wall 
hecomes  (jnite  wet.  and  tnnihlc  is  stored  np  for  the  pi}.;s.  A 
hollow  cement  wall  is  much  less  ohjectionahle  than  a  solid 
one.  hnt  there  is  little  donht  that  wooden  walls  constrncted 
in  snch  a  w.iy  as  to  form  a  complete  dead  air  sjKice  in  th'' 
center  are  the  hcst.  The  floors  an<l  foundation  may  he  con- 
structed of  cement  concrete,  and  the  foundation  may  rise 
ahout  two  feet  ahove  the  surface  of  the  floor.  This  will 
j)resorve  the  wood  of  which  the  wall.;  are  constructed  and  is 


y< «.-'  I'iPtyw^R* 


too 


III    II  I'l  ^'    » 


Ml. I    li'»i  K    111   |ini\f    .it    all    iM)iini>ii»    t<>   tin     pii;'        \    \it' 

-...III      W.lll     (.111     ll«'     111.1.1.       \n       ^lltlM;:      IW.ll-l      (.'in       MMUt'l'IU" 

..11  itiil.  .111.1  tir-t  liu.ir.lmi;  in»iilo  .iii'l  .>ut  NMtti  rmiuli  In  I'nr 
This  riiiii.;li  hiiiilHr  -IlmiIiI  lliri\  I>«-  i'iv«n'il  "  itit  t.irri-1  \>  ipcr. 
.111.1  thill  tin-  w.ilN  -11.1111. 1  !.<■  liu'litK  iMi.ir.Ii.I  ni'  *Mlli 
in.itili.'l  liiniliiT  It  pn  iVrrf.t,  tlic  .mt-ulf  ..f  tlu-  ihii  'n,. 
In-  li.tp  l...,ir.I(.l.  ..r  li..,ir.li'l  ii|.  ;iii.l  .l..v\ii  with  ^.""1  liiirlicr 
.111.1  h.iltiii-  |.!,i..-.l  ..\<T  the  rr.iik-  M.ilrhcl  Imiihcr  i* 
Im-i  1.  .r  llic  111-1. k-  ..(■  till'  pfii  If  It  i-  tlii.ii-lit  .l.*ir.iliU'  n> 
li,i\c  .1  l.'tt  ..Mr  tin-  |»n,  tlu-  (filing  i:\tl  I  (■  ma. If  ..l'  polos, 
pl.u'..!  .1  f>  w  111.  Ill's  apart,  ami  wtll  ^•••muA  uitli  -traw. 
Till'  -tr.iw  ali-iirlis  iii.ii-ttirc  .in. I  lutp-  t"  Uirp  ihi  pi  n  "Iry. 
WtuTf  this  is  .Imir  thi'  -trau  s|i,iilM  hr  rriirwul  it  li'i-t 
i\ir\  \rar.  ..tlurwi-r  it  !n'i'..iiu"s  ,i  |i.irli.>r  i.r  .ln-l.  am!. 
p.i>silil\,  .li-i'.i-i'  i^crius. 

Ventilation.  'I'lior. .u'.^li  MntiLitimi  i-  a  '.^M-cit  hc'p  in 
pr.  srr\iiV4  .lr\iH'-s,  hnt  it  i-  a  .liflu'iilt  llliiiy:  !■■  m  iiir.-  in  a 
pi^.^'crv  \\ith.int  iin<In!\  1.  r>\  .rinv;  tin-  I. 'iipi-ratnrr.  It  :-  .in 
li.j  t.>  Miitil.iti.iii  t.i  )ir..\i.li'  a  I.ir'.;i'  .'lir  -paii' ;  in  ..llur 
u..r.K.  t.i  liavi'  a  Iii'^li  ifiliiiu'.  Tin-  ti-m!inr\  at  p;i'-ont  i- 
t..  .j..  .-iwav  with  till'  r..inini.n  l.'fl  "V'lT  thi'  pi'_'L:i'ri  .-I'v!  In 
li.iM-  llir  -i..u'r  ;ih..\r  ihr  pi;:-  t'Mi'n.l  t..  tlu'  r.i.if  T'lis  .j-ivrs 
mi.rf  air  spaif  anl  nial-.r-  \  i-nti' it.  .n  ,i  s'.!ii|i!rr  pr.ihk'in, 
I.nt  it  iHi-r-'-ifiti  s  Intiiii,'  llu-  I'li'l.r  -i.lr  "f  llir  r.il'lirs  with 
inatilu'l  Innil'iT  in  ..nUr  t..  i'rr\.nt  tlu'  prn  I'm. in  hn'.  .minj,' 
t.i.i  I'liM.  Tlu-  a.Inii--l..n  ..f  trr-h  ..if  ran  '  r  pr..vi.li"l  t'.  .r  hy 
.■..nstrnrtin'4  -li.ift-  in  llu'  w.ilN  at  intfrvaK  ..f  t'lftcen  nr 
twiiitv  fell  'riu'-c  -li.it't-  -h-nM  n.'l  '  i'  i'i"r('  than  .ahont 
I'litir  !i\  six  ini'lu--  in  si.'c,  .-in.!  vh'.nM  .'Ihii  ..ntsi.lo  near  t'lr 
U'r.  .nn.l.  ;m.l  iirM.li'  .at  llu-  lailini:.  I'r.  i\i-i..n  -li.  >nl.i  ho  nia.K' 
f.  .f  il.  .-ill'.,',  ..r  p.artial  i!..-itiu'.  "i  tlii-i.'  iiil.ikis  wlu'ii  coM  air 
i-  .a.lniiltril  t-'n  rapi'll\ .  'riii-  ..!it!it-  iu,a\  i-.m-i-t  of  shafts 
,ih..ut  ri'.;ht  iiulu's  -iiiari'  iMrii  liiiL^  ihr.>ni;h  the  r.'i.f  .aii'l 
I'ljiiippiil  I'll  llu'  t.ip  with  a  ili-vii'o  for  privnitiiiij  tho  uiml 
Irnm  hliiwiii'..;  .i.i\Mi   tlu-  sh.'ift-.      If  .i    loc'l   .-."iktr  is  u-oij. 

!  I    1  .  ti  1  i.  1    i  Ji     ill  i  ii  /.  .  1    t  ■  •    .,  r.  ,'il    .'.;  t '.  .'im.i'^r    ii:    .r     ; '  .  ili;.^    \  i":;; :  :.i' 


T 


ti.ill  ll     ;lu      lillllillll^^     i-     II. r|     .1     \,t\      l'tl|.,;    .ilU        itli      .l,Mi!lli\ 

l!i,(\     I.,-    .  .  rlt-l  till  ll  i|    .(t    till'    ■.|'|"  i-ltl     1  ll'l    •  .t    till     ''luMitli;     If  I'll 
till       f.c.l     .ml.    i        .111.1     llll      |1||H       III. Ill     till       li.'l     l...ikll      ttii     llu' 

.'li..l.     I,  iiv;lli   ..t    ihf   I. ml. Ill";    luf.iti     il    •  iilir»   til.-   .Itii.iii'^ 
III   .1   I..IIU'   liiiil.lini'    ''"■   .  Iiii'iiii  \    III. IV    '.<■   |il,i.  .  >l    ,i'...iii    llu- 
I  .  llll  r     -.1    .1^    ii"t    !••    li.iM    I-...    iMi'.it    Iiiil;|Ii    ..f    -t.ni'    pipi 
Tin-   iu.it    ft. .Ill   till     -I. He  |ii|ii-   li.i>   .1    vM  111. Ill  fill    iiilliii  II.  1     111 

.ll.llll.^'    lllc    .    in  III. ill. .11    .f    llu-    .III     III    till-    |.l  tl.    ,1'     VM  II    .1^    11!. ..ll 

|\,ii-   ill.    U  ii.pi  i.itiili     iii.l   liil|.|li;4   tl.  Ki.|.  ill.    .Ill     ll  111 

I. 111.    uli.ii     V,  mil  t    l:llii>    .III-    r.ii^i.l    III    !.if.:<     |.'n-,    -..mr 
•lull  .l.viii'   ....   tllI^   i>   .il.M.lii'iK    ii<.i>-.ir\ 

Light.  I  .IJ^llt,   I  ^|H  1  l.l'K     ^lIllll•»;llt  ,    ll.l-   .1    Wl.ll.ll  I  fill    llllllt- 

1  111 .    Ill  |.i .  .ui..t  i!i'4  lii'.iltli       >. .  i.ir  .1-  p.. --llll.     ill.    \\iM.|..\\^ 

ll.illl.l  lie  .  .11  till-  -.illlll  ^l.jf  ..|  tin-  lillll.llll.^,  IkiMIHi-  llu- 
^..iltll  .-hie  j^il".  llu'  lii.i-t  -nil  .iiul  M  li.i-t  i\p..~r'l  t'.  ...M 
\\  lli.U 

Draughts.  W  iiilf  Miiiil.iliini  i-  tu.i^Nar\.  .Ir.un^ht-  ire 
rxtiiiiifh  iiiiiirii.il.-.  .111.1  tlu'ir  pri\  iiitLni  -li.ntl.l  l.f  ki  pt 
111   \  irw    w  Inn  l.ilil.llll;^'. 

Warmth.  W  armtli  i>.  .i  >,'imhI  thm;;.  l.iit  it  ^lii.tiM  ii..t  Le 
-iiiiitil  .ll  till-  r\piii-i'  i.f  \  ciiiilaii.  .11  A  -.  .iiicw  li.ii  ...!.l 
pill.  Will  \(iilil,iti-.l  litit  ftiT  fri.m  'lr,ii!;^lit>.  i-  ptci'i  raliK- 
t..  .1  warm  pin  wlurr  tin-  .iir  i-  .lamp  aii.l  f.iiil.  ..ii.l  tin-  pi^s 
will  >iitt'ir  li-^^  .li^»'..mfi>rt  iii  llir  f..riiiiT  tli.ni  in  ilu-  l.iiti-r. 
\  ir\  \..iiiii,  piy»  n.|iiir«.'  warimr  iHKirt.-r^  ili.in  ..Mcr  ..lu-^, 
.111.1  wli.i;  a  >.'W  f,irr.iw>  in  wmttr.  •^intial  p.iiii^  -Imii'.!  I.c 
t.ikiii  t..  ^iniiic  w.iriiitli  ,111.1  frtid.  .111  fr..iii  .lr.iuL,'lit~  If 
>-1h-  i^  in  .1  l.ir'41-  pi,:,').;iT\ ,  il  i^  .  .ftni  .i  lu  Ip  l.  >  lay  p.  .!>  ~  ...  r.  .-^ 
tlk-  |..p~  ..f  ihc  p.irtitiiin>.  ..\if  tin-  In-. I,  .iii.l  thin  i-hmt  ih.^c 
p.  ili'^  w  itli  -.traw. 


,T.'^       * 


^("^■^v  /v  ,i>  •   /  *   ••.•..,'  r:.  J  >  ■»  r".  ••;■  * '"'  '••  ■♦  f    'J 


1".' 


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104 


111  11  DIM.,* 
VlSS    OI"     I'll. (IKS. 


The  plan  wliicli  i<  f^ivfii  lu-rf  is  takrn  from  ;i  iiii^'m'tv  on 
tlif  farm  of  Mr.  J.  I".,  riri-tlioiir,  liiirfunl.  ( )iitario.  Its 
ccnistriicMon  is  comiiarativi'ly  du'ii).  ami  it  possc-ssos  many 
<lesiral)li.'  features.  It  is  lapalile  of  many  modifications,  ami 
a  cari'fnl  stuih  of  the  ))laii  uill  lie  lidpf'.i!  to  those  who 
intenil  to  hmlil.  ')i  course,  the  hiiildin^j  can  he  made  any 
lin^tii  desind. 

The  hniMinj;  is  36  hy  lOO  feet,  outside  measurement.  .\ 
cement  wall.  8  inches  thick,  rises  three  feet  above  the  tloor. 
On  top  of  thi''  wall  the  fr.Miie  is  huilt.  The  wails  are  huilt 
of  two-hy-liMir  inch  stnddiiij;.  hoarded  on  the  oiifsidi-  with 
eheai)  himher.  covereil  with  huildinj;  ]),iper.  an<l  tiLjhily  da]} 
hoarded  on  tl'i  top  of  the  paper.  ( )n  the  inside  the  walU 
are  lined  with  natched  hmiher  s(.)  as  to  form  a  dea<l  air  sjiace 
inside  the  wall.  The  hniiii,'  .ilso  extends  over  the  lower  side 
of  the  rafters,  jjivinfj  a  dead  air  space  to  the  roof  as  well  as 
the  walls. 

I'rom  the  cross  section,  it  will  he  seen  that  the  total  height 
of  the  wall  on  the  north  side  is  11  feet,  and  of  that  uu  the 
south  side  S  fi.it.  The  mof  has  the  same  pitch  on  hoth 
sides,  so  that  there  is  a  drop  of  three  feet  from  one  section 
of  the  roo'  to  the  other  at  the  center  of  the  liuiiiiiiit;.  In  this 
space  windows  are  inserted,  to  throw  light,  and  ,1  certain 
amount  of  sunshine.  Mito  ihe  row  of  pens  along  the  north 
siile  of  the  huilding.  These  windows  ;ire  hinged  at  the  hot- 
toin  ami  can  he  ojieiu'd  at  any  .ingle,  .iccording  to  the  re- 
(|nirements  of  ventil.ilioii.  .\  ratchet  device,  similar  to  that 
Used  for  opening  the  ventilators  in  greenhouses,  woul  1  he 
very  convenient   for  this  puri)ose. 

The  floor  is  cement,  t'enient  is  so  dnrahle  and  so  easily 
cleaneil  that  it  seems  to  he  ahoiit  the  only  satisfactory  floor. 
The  part  .\  I*,  (see  cross- section)  is  si,\  inches  higher  than 
C  I).  There  is  a  fall  oi  ->ue  id  onedialf  inches  from  .\ 
towards  I'.,  and  a  fall  of  thru'  'lulies  .ror.i  I)  towards  C. 
Thus  all  the  drainage  is  towan.s  C  the  lowest  point,  and  the 


"WW^' 


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I  111.  lii'iiii;  i>ii  I  iji  i>i  \  !'•.  i"'  alwavs  dry.  TIkti'  xlunild  In- 
a  fall  froiii  'MU'  iiid  of  tin-  ImiMiiii;  In  tin-  ntluT  alnn^;  tlu 
lino  at  C.  ■><>  that  till'  itraiiiatji'  wuiiM  l)r  tnwariU  nni'  I'lid  ni 
the  l)t^il(lillj,^  and  a  -iiitalilo  millet  could  1k'  provided. 

TIkti-   is  a  partition  three  and  a  halt    feet   hi'.;h  hetween 
the  hed  and  the   fi'edm;,'  ]hii.  and  the  o|)eniny;  from  the  lud 
to  the  feedmj.;  ])en  i'-  t\\i>  and  a  half  feet  wide.      The  parti 
tion  >heller-.  from  dratii^ht.'*  and  al-o  leoiiotnizex  heddint^  h\ 
holding  the  >tra\v  in  pKue.     The  other  partitioii->  are  four 
feet    lii!.;h.       The    partition    next    to   the    fiediiiL;    pa'-'-as.je    i 
made  of  \o.  <)  eoil  ^teel  \\ire>,  two  "lehes  apart  at  the  liot 
torn,  and  L;radini;  to  ahont  three  inche--  apart  near  the  top 
They  are    litTened  hy  heavv   npri;,dit  wire-;  in  fmnt  of  i-ieh 
pen.   fasieneil  to  the  iiorizontal   wires  hy  mi'ans  of  \vasher> 
desii.;ned    for    that    ])iirpost'.      'i'he    wire    ]iartition    is    set    in 
ahont  two  and  a  half  inches  from  the  sick      f  tile  troiiijh  ne\t 
to  the  feed  passage,  thus  allow  iii.i;  room  to  poiir   feed  into 
the  troui;hs. 

The  troiiijlis  are  eement.  and  are  ei^lit  inches  hi,i;h  next 
to  tile  feed  ])assai.,H'.  four  inches  Iiij,di  next  ti>  the  feedini,' 
l>en.  and  tin  inches  wide,  inside  measurement. 

The  feed  passaj.;e,  which  is  five  feet  wide,  is  four  iiuln- 
lower  than  the  feediiifj  pen.  'I'liis  is  merely  a  device  to  sh  'W 
the  piijfs  to  better  advantaije. 

'I'he  jinrjiose  of  the  doors  in  the  partitions  hi'tueeii  the 
JH'  s  is  easily  understood,  'i'hey  can  he  swunsj:'  hack,  closiuj;^ 
the  piys  in  the  hack  a])artnuMit  and  leaving'  a  lontinuons 
passajj;e  for  cleaninLr  out  the  pens.  The  heddini^  is  als  i 
taken  in  and  distril)iite<l  from  this  passa  .e.  These  doors  are 
a'-o  used  in  moviii!.;  ]iii^s  from  one  pen  to  another,  since  tliere 
are  no  doors  from  the  jiens  into  the  feed  i)assai^e.  'i'iie 
alisencc  of  doors  from  the  i>ens  into  the  feed  iiassai^'e  is  a 
somewhat  inconvenient  feature  of  the  Iniildinjj.  hut  is  hard 
to  avoid  where  a  wire  partition  is  used.  The  wire  partition 
however,  is  more  s.-uiitary  tliau  wcmd.  .'md  ;',:ves  a  much 
better  view  of  the  pi'^s. 


'-iaj^wA' 


loti 


la  II  iiiM  > 


It  will  be  notici'il  that  tlic  sUopiiiK  (|iiartcTs  have  cciiuiit 
tloors.  Wlu-ii  lHMl(liti>:  is  pleiUiful  tliis  may  (,'ivc  nc  troiihk-. 
l,nt  it  wc.iil.l  he  safer  to  place  a  portable  wixulen  platform 
on  the  cement. 

The  riMif  is  supported  by  four  lines  of  posts  to  which  the 
partitions  are  fastened.  I'".ach  n.w  carries  a  line  of  plates 
which  snp]>ort  the   rafters. 

There  are  six  windows,  each  five  feet  lon^  and  two  and  a 
half  feet  hi^ti.  in  the  south  wall,  and  the  same  number  in 
the  r(M)f,  ])l:iced  as  previously  described.  Tlie  north  wall 
has  only  two  windows. 

The  dimensions  ),Mven  for  the  small  pens  include  ])artitions. 
The  pens  as  described  are  n.'*  suitable  for  farrowing  pens. 
As  state<l  in  another  place,  it  is  better  to  have  the  sows  in  a 
buildini,'  away  from  other  ]n<^s.  especially  durinj,^  cold 
weather,  when  the  bnildiuK  "i"^t  be  kejit  pretty  well  closed 
up.  The  air  of  a  pitj^'ery  when  a  lar-jje  number  of  i)i(;s  are 
kept  <loes  not  a;,'ree  well  with  little  pips.  If  a  part  of  the 
lar^'e  pig^erv  is  to  be  use<l  for  farrowinjj  pens,  it  should  be 
closelv  i)artitioned  "if  from  the  rest  of  the  building.  The 
same  stvle  of  pen  c<nild  be  made  suitable  for  sows  with  little 
]>ijjs  by  makint:  the  sleeping  apartments  twi>  feet  wider, 
thus  Rivinp  beds  eight  feet  S(iuare. 

The  absence  of  a  loft  for  storing  straw  will  be  a  strong 
obiection  in  the  eyes  of  many.  The  ventilation  of  the 
building,  however,  and  the  health  of  the  animals  are  of 
va.stlv  greater  importance  than  the  inconvenience  occasioned 
bv  the  absence  of  a  loft.  It  i>  generally  possible  to  locate 
the  building  so  as  to  make  it  comparatively  easy  to  obtain 
straw  for  beilding.  If  it  is  not  possible  to  have  the  building 
situated  with  one  end  adjoining  a  straw  shed,  a  loft  for 
straw  c(.  lid  be  constructed  over  that  part  of  the  building 
used  for  farrowing  pens  ami  teed  room. 

It  is,  of  course,  impossible  to  give  plans  which  would 
likely  meet  all  rer|nirenients,  and  possibly  the  plan  .submitted 
could  not  be  adopted  in  its  entirety  by  m;my  breeders.      .\t 


ii>cr 


(tWINK        I.KIIICl.K      K. 


107 


' 


the  lame  time,  tlie  plan  Mihinilte(l  [x^scsses  so  many  excd- 
Unt  fi-atiiri-s  tliat  it  is  prcsintrd  witli  tlio  liopc  tliat  it  will 
jirovi'  iKlpfiii  to  llio'^f  intiTisti'l  in  the  housing  of  switic. 


I'OKT M'.l.l.    I'KNS. 


' 


2-  i' 


/6' 

llulit   view   cf  I>"rlalit«:   prti. 


I'.iul   vic«    .if  portable    pin. 

Tlie  accnnipanyiii.i;  ski'tclies  sliow  a  very  cheap  and  easily 
constructed  pen  suitable  for  winter  ([uarters  for  breeding 
sows.  Tlie  pen  is  sixteen  feet  long  by  eifjlit  feet  wide.  It 
is  se%en  feet  hifjh  in  front  and  three  and  a  half  feet  hish  at 
the  rear.  It  is  boarded  with  cheap  lumber,  but  all  cracks 
are   securely  battened.     It   should  be  practically   wind   and 


1 


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Ill  11 1>'^' 


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